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The Behavioral and Brain Sciences Aug 2023Chater & Loewenstein have done a service to the field by raising the fundamental issue of how the political process distorts well-intentioned efforts at behavioral...
Chater & Loewenstein have done a service to the field by raising the fundamental issue of how the political process distorts well-intentioned efforts at behavioral public policy. We connect this argument to broader research on government failure, particularly public choice theory in economics. We further suggest ways that behavioral research can help identify and mitigate such failures.
Topics: Humans; Dissent and Disputes; Intention; Public Policy
PubMed: 37646282
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X23000857 -
Journal of Primary Care & Community... 2023This action research aimed to study the processes of public health policy toward salt reduction in food consumption. The processes were divided into 3 cycles as follows:...
This action research aimed to study the processes of public health policy toward salt reduction in food consumption. The processes were divided into 3 cycles as follows: 1) Public health policy formation; 2) Development of the policy to reduce dietary salt; and 3) Evaluation of the efficiency of the policy. Participants from the first group involved in policy formation; and a total number of 320 participants were recruited in the study with the criteria of a) age 18 years and above, b) having hypertension or at risk of having high blood pressure; c) overweight; and d) having underlying diseases such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The second group was government officials involved in policy development to reduce salt consumption, including the head of the village, assistants of the village head, community leaders, public health personnel, village health volunteers, and a group of housewives. In total, 50 participants were recruited to the study. The results showed that people with hypertension could better control blood pressure which increased from 36.02, 25.6, and 39.06% (in 2018-2020) to 47.32%; and community people could manage their health prevention and control toward non-communicable diseases. Analyzing a return on investment (ROI) found that the ROI was 49.7%; and a social return on investment (SROI) was found that every $1 invested could generate a return of $3.45.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Sodium Chloride, Dietary; Public Policy; Health Services Research; Hypertension; Health Policy
PubMed: 37306335
DOI: 10.1177/21501319231180164 -
The Canadian Journal of Cardiology Sep 2020Health policy is an important component of prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and promotion of health in childhood and adolescence, when major health behaviours... (Review)
Review
Health policy is an important component of prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and promotion of health in childhood and adolescence, when major health behaviours are formed. Development of CVD-related health policy begins with continuous systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data to establish the baseline prevalence of CV risk factors and behaviours. These findings allow identification of problems, initiation of focused research, and development of evidence-based interventions. Ultimately, these results inform development and implementation of population-level policies. This review focuses on CVD health-promotion policies in North American youth, for whom health surveillance is an ongoing part of public health policy, providing direct, objective, measurements of growth, lipids, blood pressure, physical activity and tobacco exposure for development of CV health research and policy. When national surveillance data identified significant risk of CVD in youth in the 1970s, major pediatric epidemiologic studies established the strong association between these risk factors and behaviours in childhood and the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. This knowledge promoted development of the targeted public policies, which are reviewed in this paper. Public policy can directly and positively address cardiovascular health promotion in youth; the effective approach to smoking cessation exemplifies this. For more complex risk factors and behaviours, health policy can be a significant element in a comprehensive CV health promotion program.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Exercise; Health Behavior; Health Policy; Health Promotion; Humans; Public Policy; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32492400
DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.02.080 -
Health Research Policy and Systems Nov 2023Place-based approaches are increasingly applied to address the determinants of health, many of which are complex problems, to ultimately improve population health...
BACKGROUND
Place-based approaches are increasingly applied to address the determinants of health, many of which are complex problems, to ultimately improve population health outcomes. Through public policy, government actions can affect the effectiveness of place-based approaches by influencing the conceptualisation, development, implementation, governance, and/or evaluation of place-based approaches. Despite the important role of public policy, there has been limited examination of public policy related to place-based approaches. We add to the limited knowledge base by analysing Australian national public policy, to explore: (1) the definitions, conceptualisations, and characteristics of place-based approaches in public policy; (2) the government's perception and communication of its role in place-based approaches; and (3) the extent to which government policy reflects the necessary conditions for successful place-based governance developed by Marsh and colleagues, namely localised context, embedded learning, and reciprocal accountability.
METHODS
This research was underpinned by the Theory of Systems Change and methodologically informed by the READ approach to document analysis. Ritchie and Spencer's framework method was utilised to analyse the data.
RESULTS
We identified and reviewed 67 policy documents. In terms of conceptualisation, common characteristics of place-based approaches related to collaboration, including community in decision-making, responsiveness to community needs, and suitability of place-based approaches to address complex problems and socio-economic determinants of health. Three roles of government were identified: funder, partner, and creator of a supportive policy environment. From the three criteria for successful place-based governance, localised context was the most dominant across the documents and reciprocal accountability the least.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on our findings, we drew key implications for public policy and research. There was a disproportionate emphasis on the bottom-up approach across the documents, which presents the risk of diminishing government interest in place-based approaches, potentially burdening communities experiencing disadvantage beyond their capacities. Governments engaged in place-based approaches should work towards a more balanced hybrid approach to place-based approaches that maintain the central functions of government while allowing for successful place-based governance. This could be achieved by promoting consistency in conceptualisations of 'place-based', employing an active role in trust building, advancing the creation of a supportive policy environment, and embedding 'learning' across place-based approaches.
Topics: Humans; Australia; Government; Public Policy; Health Policy
PubMed: 38031069
DOI: 10.1186/s12961-023-01074-7 -
Sante Publique (Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy,... 2022WHO advocates that financial and fiscal measures, aimed at making tobacco acquisition less affordable, are most effective, particularly in low- and middle-income...
INTRODUCTION
WHO advocates that financial and fiscal measures, aimed at making tobacco acquisition less affordable, are most effective, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
PURPOSE OF RESEARCH
The objective is to analyze the application and effectiveness of the tobacco fiscal policy in Algeria in accordance with the provisions of the WHO Convention-Framework for Tobacco Control.
METHOD
Using macroeconomic data covering the period 1970-2018, we verified whether the levels, structure and evolution of tobacco taxes are oriented towards the implementation of a tobacco control tax policy. Then, we analyzed the conditions for the effectiveness of this policy and its viability through an econometric study of the price elasticity of cigarette demand, the income elasticity of cigarette demand, and the elasticity of affordable tobacco demand.
RESULTS
We have shown that in Algeria, the tobacco control fiscal Policy is not applied, it is not effective in the long term, and the conditions for its viability are not met.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study have led to question Article 6 of the WHO FCTC.
Topics: Algeria; Commerce; Humans; Public Policy; Smoking; Smoking Prevention; Taxes; Nicotiana; Tobacco Industry; Tobacco Products
PubMed: 36102087
DOI: 10.3917/spub.221.0141 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2020Hearing loss is a disease exhibiting a growing trend due to a number of factors, including but not limited to the mundane exposure to the noise and ever-increasing size...
Hearing loss is a disease exhibiting a growing trend due to a number of factors, including but not limited to the mundane exposure to the noise and ever-increasing size of the older population. In the framework of a public health policymaking process, modeling of the hearing loss disease based on data is a key factor in alleviating the issues related to the disease and in issuing effective public health policies. First, the paper describes the steps of the data-driven policymaking process. Afterward, a scenario along with the part of the proposed platform responsible for supporting policymaking are presented. With the aim of demonstrating the capabilities and usability of the platform for the policy-makers, some initial results of preliminary analytics are presented in the framework of a policy-making process. Ultimately, the utility of the approach is validated throughout the results of the survey which was presented to the health system policy-makers involved in the policy development process in Croatia.
Topics: Croatia; Health Policy; Policy Making; Public Health; Public Policy
PubMed: 32392883
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093271 -
Health Policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands) Jan 2023
Review
Topics: Humans; United States; COVID-19; Public Policy; Health Policy
PubMed: 36435630
DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2022.11.007 -
BMJ Global Health Aug 2021
Topics: Humans; Public Health; Public Policy
PubMed: 34348934
DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006601 -
BMJ Global Health Jun 2022
Topics: Health Policy; Humans; Public Policy
PubMed: 35672117
DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009704 -
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences Aug 2023I make three points. First, the i-frame and s-frame are not helpful frameworks for thinking about behavioral public policy. Second, the authors ignore the role of...
I make three points. First, the i-frame and s-frame are not helpful frameworks for thinking about behavioral public policy. Second, the authors ignore the role of politics: Policies (and the s-frame) require laws and regulations. Third, the research on retirement savings, which is all about the , undercuts their claims.
Topics: Humans; Public Policy; Behavior
PubMed: 37646287
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X23000973