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International Journal of Health Policy... 2023
Topics: Humans; Global Health; Health Policy; Public Policy
PubMed: 37579384
DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2023.8124 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Socioeconomic Factors; Public Policy
PubMed: 37064693
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1163995 -
IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health... May 2022It is widely recognised that the process of public health policy making (i.e., the analysis, action plan design, execution, monitoring and evaluation of public health...
It is widely recognised that the process of public health policy making (i.e., the analysis, action plan design, execution, monitoring and evaluation of public health policies) should be evidenced based, and supported by data analytics and decision-making tools tailored to it. This is because the management of health conditions and their consequences at a public health policy making level can benefit from such type of analysis of heterogeneous data, including health care devices usage, physiological, cognitive, clinical and medication, personal, behavioural, lifestyle data, occupational and environmental data. In this paper we present a novel approach to public health policy making in a form of an ontology, and an integrated platform for realising this approach. Our solution is model-driven and makes use of big data analytics technology. More specifically, it is based on public health policy decision making (PHPDM) models that steer the public health policy decision making process by defining the data that need to be collected, the ways in which they should be analysed in order to produce the evidence useful for public health policymaking, how this evidence may support or contradict various policy interventions (actions), and the stakeholders involved in the decision-making process. The resulted web-based platform has been implemented using Hadoop, Spark and HBASE, developed in the context of a research programme on public health policy making for the management of hearing loss called EVOTION, funded by the Horizon 2020.
Topics: Health Policy; Hearing Loss; Humans; Policy Making; Public Health; Public Policy
PubMed: 35025752
DOI: 10.1109/JBHI.2022.3142503 -
The Milbank Quarterly Apr 2023
Topics: Public Policy; Health Policy; Population Health
PubMed: 37096614
DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12645 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023The host-pathogen relationship is inherently dynamic and constantly evolving. Applying an implementation science lens to policy evaluation suggests that policy impacts... (Review)
Review
RATIONALE
The host-pathogen relationship is inherently dynamic and constantly evolving. Applying an implementation science lens to policy evaluation suggests that policy impacts are variable depending upon key implementation outcomes (feasibility, acceptability, appropriateness costs) and conditions and contexts.
COVID-19 CASE STUDY
Experiences with non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) including masking, testing, and social distancing/business and school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic response highlight the importance of considering public health policy impacts through an implementation science lens of constantly evolving contexts, conditions, evidence, and public perceptions. As implementation outcomes (feasibility, acceptability) changed, the effectiveness of these interventions changed thereby altering public health policy impact. Sustainment of behavioral change may be a key factor determining the duration of effectiveness and ultimate impact of pandemic policy recommendations, particularly for interventions that require ongoing compliance at the level of the individual.
PRACTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING AND EVALUATING PANDEMIC POLICY
Updating public health policy recommendations as more data and alternative interventions become available is the evidence-based policy approach and grounded in principles of implementation science and dynamic sustainability. Achieving the ideal of real-time policy updates requires improvements in public health data collection and analysis infrastructure and a shift in public health messaging to incorporate uncertainty and the necessity of ongoing changes. In this review, the Dynamic Infectious Diseases Public Health Response Framework is presented as a model with a practical tool for iteratively incorporating implementation outcomes into public health policy design with the aim of sustaining benefits and identifying when policies are no longer functioning as intended and need to be adapted or de-implemented.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Real-time decision making requires sensitivity to conditions on the ground and adaptation of interventions at all levels. When asking about the public health effectiveness and impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions, the focus should be on , and they can achieve public health impact. In the future, rather than focusing on models of public health intervention effectiveness that assume static impacts, policy impacts should be considered as dynamic with ongoing re-evaluation as conditions change to meet the ongoing needs of the ultimate end-user of the intervention: the public.
Topics: Humans; Implementation Science; Pandemics; COVID-19; Public Policy; Communicable Diseases; Health Policy
PubMed: 37663826
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1207679 -
Journal of Epidemiology and Community... Jun 2024A framework is put forward for the proper scope of considerations concerning flourishing within medicine, psychiatry, clinical counselling, public health and public...
A framework is put forward for the proper scope of considerations concerning flourishing within medicine, psychiatry, clinical counselling, public health and public policy. Each of these disciplines and associated institutional practices have distinctive contributions to make in advancing flourishing within society. In each case, there are also various aspects of flourishing that extend beyond each practice's purview; and yet to restrict attention only to health, narrowly conceived, limits what each of these practices can in fact accomplish. A clearer understanding of what aspects of flourishing do, and do not, lie within the bounds of each discipline and practice has the potential to better enable the pursuit of societal well-being.
Topics: Humans; Public Health; Psychiatry; Medicine; Public Policy
PubMed: 38627041
DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-220553 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022To design a comprehensive approach to promote children's sleep health in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, we combined Intervention Mapping (IM) with the Health in All...
BACKGROUND
To design a comprehensive approach to promote children's sleep health in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, we combined Intervention Mapping (IM) with the Health in All Policies (HiAP) perspective. We aimed to create an approach that fits local infrastructures and policy domains across sectors.
METHODS
First, a needs assessment was conducted, including a systematic review, two concept mapping studies, and one cross-sectional sleep diary study (IM step 1). Subsequently, semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from policy, practice and science provided information on potential assets from all relevant social policy sectors to take into account in the program design (HiAP and IM step 1). Next, program outcomes and objectives were specified (IM step 2), with specific objectives for policy stakeholders (HiAP). This was followed by the program design (IM step 3), where potential program actions were adapted to local policy sectors and stakeholders (HiAP). Lastly, program production (IM step 4) focused on creating a multi-sector program (HiAP). An advisory panel guided the research team by providing tailored advice during all steps throughout the project.
RESULTS
A blueprint was created for program development to promote children's sleep health, including a logic model of the problem, a logic model of change, an overview of the existing organizational structure of local policy and practice assets, and an overview of policy sectors, and related objectives and opportunities for promoting children's sleep health across these policy sectors. Furthermore, the program production resulted in a policy brief for the local government.
CONCLUSIONS
Combining IM and HiAP proved valuable for designing a blueprint for the development of an integrated multi-sector program to promote children's sleep health. Health promotion professionals focusing on other (health) behaviors can use the blueprint to develop health promotion programs that fit the local public service infrastructures, culture, and incorporate relevant policy sectors outside the public health domain.
Topics: Child; Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health Policy; Sleep; Local Government; Public Policy
PubMed: 36466483
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.882384 -
Journal of Public Health (Oxford,... Jun 2022The article examines key developments unfolding in the 21st century in the intersection of multisectoral and multilateral dimensions of public health policy. Several...
The article examines key developments unfolding in the 21st century in the intersection of multisectoral and multilateral dimensions of public health policy. Several processes and mechanisms, relatively new or rapidly evolving, are fuelling this dynamic interface. They include, in particular, expansion of the spectrum of sectors involved in the health domain, the upsurge of trans-border and commercial determinants of health, growing presence of health issues in multilateral instruments and processes that are outside of the health sector, and strengthening the legal base of intersectoral relations and responsibilities for health. They also encompass and reflect important transformations in health diplomacy and governance for health, some of the fundamentals of contemporary public and global health. The article argues that overall, multisectoral and multilateral dimensions tend to interact, inform and reinforce each other, and that such interaction would be one of important drivers of 21st century intersectoral policy-and international cooperation-for health.
Topics: Global Health; Health Policy; Humans; International Cooperation; Policy Making; Public Health; Public Policy
PubMed: 33512497
DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa274 -
Public Health Jun 2022Given the growing interest worldwide in applying public policies to improve human health, we undertook a systematic review of studies investigating whether public... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Given the growing interest worldwide in applying public policies to improve human health, we undertook a systematic review of studies investigating whether public policies targeting unhealthy products could reduce cardiovascular diseases.
STUDY DESIGN
This study was a systematic review of the literature.
METHODS
We searched research studies published in 2000-2020 from major databases, including MEDLINE and Embase. We followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and narratively synthesized the studies based on vote counting and direction of the intervention effect.
RESULTS
Ninety-eight studies, mostly from high-income countries, met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were on public policies targeting sugar-sweetened beverages and tobacco, followed by alcohol, sugar, salt, and junk foods. Overall, many reported that several fiscal, regulatory, and educational policies generated beneficial effects of reducing the diseases. Those studies that reported no or limited effects highlighted several sociodemographic and health risk characteristics and design and implementation aspects of the policy interventions as factors limiting the policy effects; most of these are modifiable with appropriate policy interventions. For instance, low magnitude of tax, substitution with other unhealthy products, firms' competitive response strategies, pre-existence of smoking bans, incremental enactment of smoking regulations, degree of enforcement, and various sociocultural factors minimized the effects of the policies.
CONCLUSION
The literature supports a growing consensus on the beneficial effects of public policy for improving human health. The design and implementation of public policies must address various impeding factors and incorporate appropriate remedial measures. Further research is needed from low- and middle-income countries and on whether and how multiple policy instruments work in tandem.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Public Policy; Smoke-Free Policy; Smoking; Sugar-Sweetened Beverages
PubMed: 35567826
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.03.021 -
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem Sep 2020To analyze regulation and public policies related to nursing and the specialist nurse in community and public health nursing.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze regulation and public policies related to nursing and the specialist nurse in community and public health nursing.
METHODS
Analysis of the legal and normative framework of community and public health nursing in Portugal, as well as current public health policies, regarding the competences and intervention of this nurse, articulated with the attributions of the Public Health Unit.
RESULTS
The intervention of this nurse deserves a broad reflection, in the sense of maximizing the activities of community and public health, essential for the implementation of public policies and obtaining health gains.
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
This nurse has competences foreseen in the regulations and standards for public health interventions, in line with the attributions of the Public Health Unit, of the National Health Service, in which specialties are identified for their performance in the current structure.
Topics: Health Policy; Humans; Portugal; Public Health; Public Health Nursing; Public Policy; State Medicine
PubMed: 32901741
DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0550