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PET Clinics Jul 2021Radiometal-based theranostics or theragnostics, first used in the early 2000s, is the combined application of diagnostic and therapeutic agents that target the same... (Review)
Review
Radiometal-based theranostics or theragnostics, first used in the early 2000s, is the combined application of diagnostic and therapeutic agents that target the same molecule, and represents a considerable advancement in nuclear medicine. One of the promising fields related to theranostics is radioligand therapy. For instance, the concepts of targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) for imaging and therapy in prostate cancer, or somatostatin receptor targeted imaging and therapy in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are part of the field of theranostics. Combining targeted imaging and therapy can improve prognostication, therapeutic decision-making, and monitoring of the therapy.
Topics: Humans; Male; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Nuclear Medicine; Precision Medicine; Radionuclide Imaging; Theranostic Nanomedicine
PubMed: 34053577
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2021.03.011 -
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine Sep 2021Positron emission tomography and/or computed tomography (PET/CT) MPI is a powerful imaging modality for the assessment of cardiovascular diseases. It offers several... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography and/or computed tomography (PET/CT) MPI is a powerful imaging modality for the assessment of cardiovascular diseases. It offers several advantages over single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) MPI including robust attenuation correction and absolute quantification of radiotracer activity. PET MPI has a large evidence base and is the only clinical tool to evaluate coronary microvascular dysfunction. In addition, the clinical use and evidence base for 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-g1ucose (F-FDG) cardiac PET imaging for inflammation and metabolism imaging is rising exponentially. In order to gain from the advances of this sophisticated quantitative technique, a high-quality scan is critical. It is important for readers to recognize a poor-quality scan, identify artifacts contributing to the poor image quality, and understand how to correct them prior to reporting the results. In this review, we will discuss some normal variants and pitfalls in cardiac PET/CT radionuclide MPI, myocardial viability, and inflammation imaging.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Heart; Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 34049686
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.04.004 -
PET Clinics Jan 2024Compton imaging has been recognized as a possible nuclear medicine imaging method following the establishment of SPECT and PET. Whole gamma imaging (WGI), a combination... (Review)
Review
Compton imaging has been recognized as a possible nuclear medicine imaging method following the establishment of SPECT and PET. Whole gamma imaging (WGI), a combination of PET and Compton imaging, could be the first practical method to bring out the potential of Compton imaging in nuclear medicine. With the use of such positron emitters as Zr and Sc, WGI may enable highly sensitive imaging of antibody drugs for early tumor detection and quantitative hypoxia imaging for effective tumor treatment. Some of these concepts have been demonstrated preliminarily in physics experiments and small animal imaging tests with a developed WGI prototype.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals; Nuclear Medicine; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37718218
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.08.003 -
Cardiology Clinics May 2023This review provides an overview of the techniques used in nuclear cardiology for the assessment of suspected or known cardiac sarcoidosis, how radionuclide imaging... (Review)
Review
This review provides an overview of the techniques used in nuclear cardiology for the assessment of suspected or known cardiac sarcoidosis, how radionuclide imaging assists with regard to diagnosis, risk stratification, and monitoring response to therapy, and work that is on the horizon with novel tracers.
Topics: Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Cardiomyopathies; Radioisotopes; Sarcoidosis; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 37003678
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2023.01.009 -
Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MR Feb 2020Nuclear medicine (NM) plays a unique role in the detection of infection and inflammation. This review looks at different methods that are used for detection of... (Review)
Review
Nuclear medicine (NM) plays a unique role in the detection of infection and inflammation. This review looks at different methods that are used for detection of infections and explains how they differ from cross-sectional imaging such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Images are provided to aid understanding and interpretation of NM scans. There is also a brief discussion of future techniques that can alter the use of NM for infection work up.
Topics: Humans; Infections; Nuclear Medicine; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 31964489
DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2019.10.005 -
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine... Nov 2022Targeted radionuclide theranostics is becoming more and more prominent in clinical oncology. Currently, most nuclear medicine compounds researched for cancer... (Review)
Review
Targeted radionuclide theranostics is becoming more and more prominent in clinical oncology. Currently, most nuclear medicine compounds researched for cancer theranostics are directed towards targets expressed in only a small subset of cancer types, limiting clinical applicability. The identification of cancer-specific targets that are (more) universally expressed will allow more cancer patients to benefit from these personalized nuclear medicine-based interventions. A tumor is not merely a collection of cancer cells, it also comprises supporting stromal cells embedded in an altered extracellular matrix (ECM), together forming the tumor microenvironment (TME). Since the TME is less genetically unstable than cancer cells, and TME phenotypes can be shared between cancer types, it offers targets that are more universally expressed. The TME is characterized by the presence of altered processes such as hypoxia, acidity, and increased metabolism. Next to the ECM, the TME consists of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), macrophages, endothelial cells forming the neo-vasculature, immune cells, and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs). Radioligands directed at the altered processes, the ECM, and the cellular components of the TME have been developed and evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies for targeted radionuclide imaging and/or therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the TME targets and their corresponding radioligands. In addition, we discuss what developments are needed to further explore the TME as a target for radionuclide theranostics, with the hopes of stimulating the development of novel TME radioligands with multi-cancer, or in some cases even pan-cancer, application.
Topics: Humans; Precision Medicine; Endothelial Cells; Tumor Microenvironment; Neoplasms; Radionuclide Imaging
PubMed: 35788730
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05870-1 -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... May 2023
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Radionuclide Imaging; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 37019554
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2023.01.010 -
Dual-radionuclide in vivo imaging of micro-metastasis and lymph tract with submillimetre resolution.Scientific Reports Nov 2023Multi-radionuclide in vivo imaging with submillimetre resolution can be a potent tool for biomedical research. While high-resolution radionuclide imaging faces...
Multi-radionuclide in vivo imaging with submillimetre resolution can be a potent tool for biomedical research. While high-resolution radionuclide imaging faces challenges in sensitivity, multi-radionuclide imaging encounters difficulty due to radiation contamination, stemming from crosstalk between radionuclides and Compton scattering. Addressing these challenges simultaneously is imperative for multi-radionuclide high-resolution imaging. To tackle this, we developed a high-spatial-resolution and high-energy-resolution small animal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanner, named CdTe-DSD SPECT-I. We first assessed the feasibility of multi-tracer SPECT imaging of submillimetre targets. Using the CdTe-DSD SPECT-I, we performed SPECT imaging of submillimetre zeolite spheres absorbed with I and subsequently imaged I-accumulated spheroids of 200-400 µm in size within an hour, achieving clear and quantitative images. Furthermore, dual-radionuclide phantom imaging revealed a distinct image of the submillimetre sphere absorbed with I immersed in a Tc-pertechnetate solution, and provided a fair quantification of each radionuclide. Lastly, in vivo imaging was conducted on a cancer-bearing mouse with lymph node micro-metastasis using dual-tracers. The results displayed dual-tracer images of lymph tract by Tc-phytic acid and the submillimetre metastatic lesion by I, shown to align with the immunofluorescence image.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Cadmium Compounds; Tellurium; Quantum Dots; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Iodine Radioisotopes; Phantoms, Imaging; Lymphatic Metastasis
PubMed: 37945679
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46907-1 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Mar 2024Osteoarticular infections are uncommon and required a multimodal approach for diagnosis. Imaging forms an important component of this multimodal approach. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Osteoarticular infections are uncommon and required a multimodal approach for diagnosis. Imaging forms an important component of this multimodal approach.
OBJECTIVES
In this narrative review, we describe the different imaging modalities, features of osteoarticular infections present on these imaging approaches and recommendations for which imaging modality should be considered in different types of osteoarticular infections.
SOURCES
This narrative review was based on literature review from PubMed and was limited to bacterial infections in adult patients.
CONTENT
Imaging modalities include modalities that provide information on the anatomy or radionuclide imaging that provides information about the metabolic activity of the area of interest. Anatomical imaging includes plain radiographs (X-ray), computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Radionuclide approaches include three-phase bone scintigraphy, gallium scans, white blood cell scintigraphy, and F-fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography. The optimal radiological modality for diagnosis is influenced by multiple factors, including infection location, presence of metalware, timing of infection from any preceding surgery or fracture, antibiotic use, and patient comorbidities. Local availability of scanning modality, tracer supply, technical expertise, and patient access also influences choice.
IMPLICATIONS
A collaborative approach with imaging, pathology and clinical input in a multidisciplinary setting is paramount for the diagnosis of osteoarticular infections. Increasing research and improvements in technology will further improve the utility and accuracy of imaging approaches for imaging in osteoarticular infections.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Radionuclide Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Osteomyelitis
PubMed: 37940000
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.11.001 -
Nuclear Medicine Communications Apr 2021The purpose of this guideline is to assist specialists in Nuclear Medicine and Radionuclide Radiology in recommending, performing, interpreting and reporting the results...
The purpose of this guideline is to assist specialists in Nuclear Medicine and Radionuclide Radiology in recommending, performing, interpreting and reporting the results of lacrimal scintigraphy (also known as Dacroscintigraphy). This guideline will assist individual departments to formulate their own local protocols. This does not aim to be prescriptive regarding technical aspects of individual camera acquisitions, which need to be developed in conjunction with the local experts in medical physics. There are numerous radiological techniques to assess the physiology of the lacrimal system. This guideline will describe the application of a drop of radiotracer into each eye and consecutive imaging to demonstrate the level of impaired drainage, with the possibility of quantifying such impairment. This guideline is a recent and updated version of a previously published guideline on the British Nuclear Medicine Society website in 2018 [1].
Topics: Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus; Nuclear Medicine; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Radionuclide Imaging; Societies, Medical
PubMed: 33395194
DOI: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000001358