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Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Jun 2016Over the past decades, the diagnostic methods and therapeutic tools for thyroid cancer (TC) have been greatly improved. In addition to the classical method of ingestion... (Review)
Review
Over the past decades, the diagnostic methods and therapeutic tools for thyroid cancer (TC) have been greatly improved. In addition to the classical method of ingestion of radioactive iodine-131 (I131) and subsequent I123 and I124 positron emission tomography (PET) in therapy and examination, I124 PET-based 3-dimensional imaging, Ga68-labeled [1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid]-1-NaI(3)-octreotide (DOTANOC) PET/computed tomography (CT), Tc99m tetrofosmin, pre-targeted radioimmunotherapy, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy have all been used clinically. These novel methods are useful in diagnosis and therapy of TC, but also have unavoidable adverse effects. In this review, we will discuss the development of nuclear medicine in TC examination and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radionuclide Imaging; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 27100499
DOI: 10.2741/4449 -
Cardiology Clinics May 2023The heart and brain have a complex interplay wherein disease or injury to either organ may adversely affect the other. The mechanisms underlying this connection remain... (Review)
Review
The heart and brain have a complex interplay wherein disease or injury to either organ may adversely affect the other. The mechanisms underlying this connection remain incompletely characterized. However, nuclear molecular imaging is uniquely suited to investigate these pathways by facilitating the simultaneous assessment of both organs using targeted radiotracers. Research within this paradigm has demonstrated important roles for inflammation, autonomic nervous system and neurohormonal activity, metabolism, and perfusion in the heart-brain connection. Further mechanistic clarification may facilitate greater clinical awareness and the development of targeted therapies to alleviate the burden of disease in both organs.
Topics: Humans; Heart; Radionuclide Imaging; Heart Failure; Brain; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 37003682
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2023.01.013 -
Radiologic Clinics of North America Jul 2011Primary malignant bone tumors are rare and account for about 6% of all new pediatric cancer cases per year in the United States. Identification of the lesion not... (Review)
Review
Primary malignant bone tumors are rare and account for about 6% of all new pediatric cancer cases per year in the United States. Identification of the lesion not uncommonly occurs as a result of imaging performed for trauma. Clinical and standard imaging characteristics of the various tumor types are evolving in concert with treatment advancements and clinical trial regimens. This article reviews the 3 most common pediatric bone sarcomas-osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma-and their imaging as applicable to contemporary disease staging and monitoring, and explores the roles of evolving imaging techniques.
Topics: Adolescent; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Diagnostic Imaging; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radionuclide Imaging; Sarcoma; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 21807172
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2011.05.006 -
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine Jul 2022Diuretic scintigraphy includes single-photon emitting radiotracers for planar and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging as well as agents for... (Review)
Review
Diuretic scintigraphy includes single-photon emitting radiotracers for planar and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging as well as agents for positron emission tomography (PET). These radiotracers provide split-renal functional parameters, including glomerular filtration rate, effective renal plasma flow, tubular function, and/or renal blood flow. Beyond measuring kidney function, the tracer principle also allows for the assessment of various pathophysiological processes in the renal parenchyma, for example ongoing inflammation, activation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor in patients with renovascular hypertension, deterioration of mitochondrial complex I following acute or chronic kidney injury, or characterization of indeterminate renal masses. Providing a whole-body read-out, PET also enables the assessment of kidney-organ interactions, for example cardiorenal crosstalk after primary cardiac injury. This manuscript provides an overview of established clinical applications for single-photon-emitting and PET radiotracers for renal radionuclide imaging. Future perspectives in the field will also be highlighted, such as introduction of PET-guided strategies for drug dose optimization and the recent introduction of radiotracers targeting fibroblast activation protein inhibition, which may allow differentiation between acute inflammatory vs chronic fibrosis in the kidneys.
Topics: Humans; Kidney; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 35058040
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.12.003 -
Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2020We discuss and try to evaluate the detection of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) by radionuclide techniques and especially direct radionuclide cystography (DRC). Direct... (Review)
Review
We discuss and try to evaluate the detection of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) by radionuclide techniques and especially direct radionuclide cystography (DRC). Direct radionuclide cystography is applied for more than half a century mainly in children. Vesicoureteral reflux has a complex pathology not yet completely understood and is often related to urinary tract infection (UTI) and renal parenchyma scarring that can lead to long-term renal function impairment. Since there is no consensus on the optimal imaging algorithm after the first febrile urinary tract infection, many imaging strategies have been proposed for VUR detection in the last decade, including or not DRC. Views opposing or accepting its use are also presented.
Topics: Humans; Radionuclide Imaging; Urinary Tract Infections; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux
PubMed: 32716409
DOI: 10.1967/s002449912107 -
British Medical Bulletin Sep 2015Radionuclide imaging for the diagnosis and monitoring of cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis has advanced significantly in recent years. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Radionuclide imaging for the diagnosis and monitoring of cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis has advanced significantly in recent years.
SOURCES OF DATA
This article is based on published clinical guidelines, literature review and our collective clinical experience.
AREAS OF AGREEMENT
Gallium-67 scintigraphy is among the diagnostic criteria for cardiac involvement in systemic sarcoidosis, and it is strongly associated with response to treatment. However, fluorine-18, 2-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is now preferred both for diagnosis and for assessing prognosis.
AREAS OF CONTROVERSY
Most data are from small observational studies that are potentially biased.
GROWING POINTS
Quantitative imaging to assess changes in disease activity in response to treatment may lead to FDG-PET having an important routine role in managing cardiac sarcoidosis.
AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH
Larger prospective studies are required, particularly to assess the effectiveness of radionuclide imaging in improving clinical management and outcome.
Topics: Cardiomyopathies; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Gallium Radioisotopes; Humans; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prognosis; Sarcoidosis; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 26311504
DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldv033 -
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine Jul 2013Breast cancer mammography is a well-acknowledged technique for patient screening due to its high sensitivity. However, in addition to its low specificity the sensitivity... (Review)
Review
Breast cancer mammography is a well-acknowledged technique for patient screening due to its high sensitivity. However, in addition to its low specificity the sensitivity of mammography is limited when imaging patients with dense breasts. Radionuclide imaging techniques, such as coincidence photon-based positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography or scintimammography, can play a role in assisting screening of such patients. Radionuclide techniques can also be useful in assessing treatment response of patients with breast cancer to therapy, and staging of patients to diagnose the disease extent. However, the performance of these imaging modalities is generally limited because of the poor spatial resolution and sensitivity of the commercially available multipurpose imaging systems. Here, we describe some of the dedicated imaging systems (positron emission mammography [PEM] and breast-specific gamma imaging [BSGI]) that have been developed both commercially and in research laboratories for radionuclide imaging of breast cancer. Clinical studies with dedicated PEM scanners show improved sensitivity to detecting cancer in patients when using PEM in conjunction with additional imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging or mammography or both, as well as improved disease staging that can have an effect on surgical planning. High-resolution BSGI systems are more widely available commercially and several clinical studies have shown very high sensitivity and specificity in detecting cancer in high-risk patients. Further development of dedicated PEM and BSGI systems is ongoing, promising further expansion of radionuclide imaging techniques in the realm of breast cancer detection and treatment.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Humans; Mammography; Radionuclide Imaging; Rotation
PubMed: 23725989
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2013.03.003 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology Jun 2019
Review
Topics: Gastric Emptying; Humans; Radionuclide Imaging; Stomach
PubMed: 31167827
DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.117.227892 -
The British Journal of Radiology Nov 2018Theranostics and its principles: pre-treatment selection of patients who are most likely to benefit from treatment by the use of a related, specific diagnostic test are... (Review)
Review
Theranostics and its principles: pre-treatment selection of patients who are most likely to benefit from treatment by the use of a related, specific diagnostic test are integral to the treatment of patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). This is due to NETs' important, but variable, somatostatin receptor (SSTR) expression, their heterogeneity and variation in site of primary and rate of progression. Only patients whose tumours have sufficient expression of SSTRs will benefit from SSTR-based radionuclide therapy and demonstrating this expression prior to therapy is essential. This article provides a relevant overview of NETs and the multiple facets of SSTR based theranostics, including imaging and therapy radionuclides; clinical efficacy and toxicity; patient selection and treatment and finally emerging radiopharmaceuticals and newer clinical applications.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Patient Selection; Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals; Receptors, Somatostatin; Theranostic Nanomedicine; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30102557
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180108 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology Mar 2017Epilepsy is one of the most common yet diverse neurologic disorders, affecting almost 1%-2% of the population. Presently, radionuclide imaging such as PET and SPECT is... (Review)
Review
Epilepsy is one of the most common yet diverse neurologic disorders, affecting almost 1%-2% of the population. Presently, radionuclide imaging such as PET and SPECT is not used in the primary diagnosis or evaluation of recent-onset epilepsy. However, it can play a unique and important role in certain specific situations, such as in noninvasive presurgical localization of epileptogenic brain regions in intractable-seizure patients being considered for epilepsy surgery. Radionuclide imaging can be particularly useful if MR imaging is either negative for lesions or shows several lesions of which only 1 or 2 are suspected to be epileptogenic and if electroencephalogram changes are equivocal or discordant with the structural imaging. Similarly, PET and SPECT can also be useful for evaluating the functional integrity of the rest of the brain and may provide useful information on the possible pathogenesis of the neurocognitive and behavioral abnormalities frequently observed in these patients.
Topics: Epilepsy; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radioactive Tracers; Temporal Lobe; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 28258205
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.114397