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Environmental Health Perspectives May 2023Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been previously linked to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), but only a few legacy PFAS were examined.
Environmental Exposure to Emerging Alternatives of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Women Diagnosed with Infertility: A Mixture Analysis.
BACKGROUND
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been previously linked to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), but only a few legacy PFAS were examined.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to explore this association with a variety of PFAS, including legacy, branched-chain isomers, and emerging alternatives, as well as a PFAS mixture.
METHODS
From 2014 to 2016, we conducted a multicenter, hospital-based case-control study on environmental endocrine disruptors and infertility in China. Three hundred sixty-six women with PCOS-related infertility and 577 control participants without PCOS were included in the current analysis. Twenty-three PFAS, including 3 emerging PFAS alternatives, 6 linear and branched PFAS isomers, 6 short-chain PFAS, and 8 legacy PFAS, were quantified in the plasma. Logistic regression and two multipollutant models [quantile-based g-computation (QGC) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) methods] were used to assess the association of individual PFAS and PFAS mixture with PCOS, as well as the potential interactions among the congeners.
RESULTS
After adjusting for potential confounders, Each 1-standard deviation higher difference in ln-transformed 6:2 chlorinated perfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA) and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) level was significantly associated with a 29% (95% CI: 1.11, 1.52) and 39% (95% CI:1.16, 1.68) higher odds of PCOS, respectively. Meanwhile, branched isomers of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) (i.e., br-PFHxS, n-PFOS, , ), short-chain PFAS (i.e., PFPeS and PFHxA) and other legacy PFAS [i.e., total concentrations of PFOS (T-PFOS), and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA)] were significantly associated with increased odds of PCOS. The PFAS mixture was positively related to PCOS in the BKMR model. A similar trend was observed in QGC model, a ln-unit increase in the PFAS mixture was associated with a 20% increased risk of PCOS [ (95% CI: 1.06, 1.37)]. After controlling for other PFAS homologs, 6:2 Cl-PFESA, HFPO-DA, , and PFDoA were the major contributors based on the QGC and BKMR models. The associations were more pronounced in overweight/obese women.
CONCLUSIONS
In this group of women, environmental exposure to a PFAS mixture was associated with an elevated odds of PCOS, with 6:2 Cl-PFESA, HFPO-DA, , and PFDoA being the major contributors, especially in overweight/obese women. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11814.
Topics: Humans; Female; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Case-Control Studies; Bayes Theorem; Overweight; Fluorocarbons; Environmental Exposure; Alkanesulfonic Acids; Infertility; Alkanesulfonates; Obesity; Environmental Pollutants
PubMed: 37134253
DOI: 10.1289/EHP11814 -
Chemistry, An Asian Journal Dec 2022Fluorescent indicators that respond to changes in biological membrane potentials provide a powerful complement to existing methods for monitoring neuronal activity....
Fluorescent indicators that respond to changes in biological membrane potentials provide a powerful complement to existing methods for monitoring neuronal activity. Indicators that absorb and emit in the near infrared window are especially attractive, since lower energy wavelengths excite fewer biological molecules and can penetrate more deeply into biological tissues. In this work, we incorporate sulfone rhodamine chromophores into a voltage-sensitive scaffold in order to generate voltage sensitive fluorophores which absorb and emit above 700 nm. These Sulfone Rhodamine Voltage Reporters (SuRhoVRs) partition into cell membranes and display good sensitivity to membrane potential changes. The most sensitive SuRhoVR derivative also displays excellent photostability and can track membrane potential changes in dissociated rat hippocampal neurons.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Rhodamines; Fluorescent Dyes; Diagnostic Imaging; Sulfones
PubMed: 36356288
DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200906 -
Journal of the American Heart... Sep 2023Background Evidence is limited regarding the associations of prenatal and childhood per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposures with blood pressure (BP)...
Prenatal and Childhood Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Exposures and Blood Pressure Trajectories From Birth to Late Adolescence in a Prospective US Prebirth Cohort.
Background Evidence is limited regarding the associations of prenatal and childhood per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposures with blood pressure (BP) trajectories in children. Methods and Results Participants are from Project Viva, a prospective prebirth cohort in eastern Massachusetts. We measured PFAS in early-pregnancy maternal (median, 9.6 weeks) and midchildhood (median, 7.7 years) plasma samples. We conducted standardized BP measurements at 6 research visits: birth, infancy (median, 6.3 months), early childhood (median, 3.2 years), midchildhood (median, 7.7 years), early adolescence (median, 12.9 years), and late adolescence (median, 17.5 years). We used linear regression to examine associations of individual PFASs with BP at each visit, linear spline mixed-effects regression to model BP trajectories, and a mixture approach to estimate PFAS exposure burden. We included 9036 BP measures from 1506 participants. We observed associations between particular individual prenatal PFASs and child BP at specific time points, for example, prenatal 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetate (EtFOSAA) and 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetate (MeFOSAA) with higher systolic BP at birth; prenatal perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and EtFOSAA with lower diastolic BP in infancy; and prenatal PFOS, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and EtFOSAA with higher systolic BP at midchildhood. No prenatal or childhood PFAS was consistently associated with BP across all visits. Diastolic BP trajectories from 0 to 20 years differed slightly by prenatal PFOA, perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoate (PFNA) ( values 0.01-0.09). Diastolic BP trajectories from 6 to 20 years differed slightly by midchildhood PFHxS and MeFOSAA (-values 0.03-0.08). Prenatal or childhood PFAS mixture burden scores were not associated with BP. Conclusions We found associations of prenatal and childhood PFAS exposures with BP at specific time points between birth and late adolescence but no consistent associations across all time points or PFAS types.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Child; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Adolescent; Child, Preschool; Blood Pressure; Prospective Studies; Fluorocarbons; Hypotension; Alkanesulfonates
PubMed: 37642023
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.123.030760 -
Environmental Research Oct 2023Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the environment and in the serum of the U.S.
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the environment and in the serum of the U.S.
POPULATION
We sought to evaluate the association of PFAS independently and jointly with alcohol intake on liver function biomarkers in a sample of the U.S. general population.
METHODS
Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2016; N = 11,794), we examined the five most historically prevalent PFAS with >75% detection rates. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between PFAS (quartiles and log-transformed continuous, ng/mL) and high levels (>95th percentile) of liver injury biomarkers using logistic regression models adjusted for key confounders. We evaluated interactions between PFAS and alcohol consumption and sex via stratified analyses and conducted sub-analyses adjusting for daily alcohol intake among those with available drinking history (N = 10,316).
RESULT
Serum perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was positively associated with high levels of alanine transferase (ALT) without monotonic trend (OR = 1.45, CI: 0.99-2.12; p-trend = 0.18), and with increased aspartate transaminase when modeled continuously (OR = 1.15, CI: 1.02-1.30; p-trend = 0.03). Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) were both inversely associated with alkaline phosphatase while a trend was evident only for PFHxS (p = 0.02). A non-monotonic inverse association was observed with PFOA (p-trend = 0.10). The highest quartile of PFOS was associated with high total bilirubin (TB; OR = 1.57, CI: 1.01-2.43, p-trend = 0.02). No significant associations were found between any PFAS and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. We found no associations for perfluorodecanoic acid and perfluorononanoic acid. We observed some suggestive interactions with alcohol intake, particularly among heavy drinkers.
CONCLUSION
Consistent with other studies, serum levels of PFOA, PFHxS and PFNA were positively associated with high levels of ALT, and we also observed weak positive associations between some PFAS and TB. Associations observed among heavy drinkers warrant additional evaluation.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Environmental Pollutants; Nutrition Surveys; Alkanesulfonic Acids; Fluorocarbons; Alkanesulfonates; Liver; Biomarkers; Alcohol Drinking
PubMed: 37451576
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116651 -
Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and... 2020
Topics: Carbohydrates; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Cycloaddition Reaction; Humans; Stereoisomerism; Sulfones
PubMed: 33276910
DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2318(20)30028-7 -
Chemical Society Reviews Jun 2022Sulfondiimines are aza-analogues of sulfones and sulfoximines. In contrast to the latter two compound classes, sulfondiimines are rare in the chemical literature.... (Review)
Review
Sulfondiimines are aza-analogues of sulfones and sulfoximines. In contrast to the latter two compound classes, sulfondiimines are rare in the chemical literature. Although a full understanding of the stability and reactivity of sulfondiimines is wanting, sulfondiimines have recently been recognized as novel bioisosteres for carbonyl moieties enabling expansion of the well-known portfolio of pharmaceutically relevant compounds. In this review, we briefly summarize the structure and stability of sulfondiimines and then focus on syntheses and derivatisations of these interesting compounds with sulfur-nitrogen core units. Furthermore, their use in heterocyclic chemistry and recent applications as bioactive compounds are presented.
Topics: Sulfones
PubMed: 35616027
DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00098a -
The Science of the Total Environment Sep 2023Prenatal and childhood exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may be associated with lower reproductive hormones and later puberty, but epidemiological...
BACKGROUND
Prenatal and childhood exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may be associated with lower reproductive hormones and later puberty, but epidemiological studies evaluating these associations are scarce.
OBJECTIVES
We examined associations of PFAS concentrations assessed from pregnancy to adolescence with pubertal development and reproductive hormones at age 12 years.
METHODS
We studied 200 mother-child pairs from the HOME Study in Cincinnati, OH (enrolled: 2003-2006). We quantified serum concentrations of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) in pregnant women and their children at age 3, 8 and 12 years. At age 12 years, children self-assessed pubertal development using Tanner staging of pubic hair growth (males and females) and breast growth (females), and age at menarche. We quantified serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone in both sexes; estradiol in females; testosterone in males. We estimated associations of PFAS with pubertal outcomes and reproductive hormones using a combination of ordinal regression, Cox proportional-hazard regression, and linear regression. Quantile-based g-computation was used for PFAS mixture.
RESULTS
In females, adolescent PFAS concentrations and their mixture were associated with later pubic hair growth, breast maturation, and age at menarche, but there was no pattern for prenatal or other postnatal concentrations. For instance, in females, each doubling in adolescent PFAS concentrations was associated with 79 % (PFOA), 63 % (PFOS), 56 % (PFNA), and 47 % (PFHxS) lower odds of attaining a higher stage for breast growth. In addition, adolescent PFAS concentrations were consistently associated with lower estradiol concentrations in females. No pattern was observed for associations of PFAS concentrations with pubic hair growth or reproductive hormones in males.
CONCLUSIONS
We observed associations between PFAS concentrations in adolescence and later pubertal development in females, but this could be due to reverse causation induced by excretion of PFAS through menstrual fluid.
Topics: Male; Adolescent; Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Child; Environmental Pollutants; Fluorocarbons; Alkanesulfonic Acids; Estradiol; Alkanesulfonates
PubMed: 37225096
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164353 -
International Journal of Biological... Dec 2023Polysaccharides, as biological macromolecules, are widely found in plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria and exhibit various biological activities. However, many natural... (Review)
Review
Polysaccharides, as biological macromolecules, are widely found in plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria and exhibit various biological activities. However, many natural polysaccharides exhibit low or non-existent biological activities because of their high molecular weights and poor water solubility, limiting their application in many fields. Sulfonation is one of the most effective chemical modification methods to improve physicochemical properties and biological activities of natural polysaccharides or even impart natural polysaccharides with new biological activities. Therefore, sulfonated polysaccharides have attracted increasing attention because of their antioxidant, anticoagulant, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. This paper reviews the recent advances in the sulfonation of polysaccharides, including preparation, characterization, and biological activities of sulfonated polysaccharides, and provides a theoretical basis for wide applications of sulfonated polysaccharides.
Topics: Animals; Plants; Bacteria; Alkanesulfonates; Chemical Phenomena; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 37611689
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126400 -
Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology Mar 2022Dapsone is a "4,4'-diamino diphenyl sulfone" compound and an aniline derivative from synthetic sulphones. Sulphonamides were first used in humans as antimicrobial agents... (Review)
Review
Dapsone is a "4,4'-diamino diphenyl sulfone" compound and an aniline derivative from synthetic sulphones. Sulphonamides were first used in humans as antimicrobial agents to treat streptococcal infections. Dapsone derived from sulphonamides was first used in the treatment of leprosy in 1940. Today, Dapsone treatment is among the treatment options for many dermatological diseases. Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease, which causes scar formation and changed pigmentation. Acne affects 85% of teenagers, but can occur at any age and can last into adulthood and even lifelong. Through its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, dapsone treatment (local or systemic) can also be used in the treatment of acne. Dapsone treatment can cause a variety of side effects that can be categorized as pharmacological, dose-related, allergic, or idiosyncratic reactions. In this review article, the risks and benefits of using dapsone treatment in acne vulgaris will be evaluated in light of the literature.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Dapsone; Humans; Sulfonamides
PubMed: 34969324
DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2021.2024565 -
Annual Review of Biochemistry Jun 2021Sulfonates include diverse natural products and anthropogenic chemicals and are widespread in the environment. Many bacteria can degrade sulfonates and obtain sulfur,... (Review)
Review
Sulfonates include diverse natural products and anthropogenic chemicals and are widespread in the environment. Many bacteria can degrade sulfonates and obtain sulfur, carbon, and energy for growth, playing important roles in the biogeochemical sulfur cycle. Cleavage of the inert sulfonate C-S bond involves a variety of enzymes, cofactors, and oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent catalytic mechanisms. Sulfonate degradation by strictly anaerobic bacteria was recently found to involve C-S bond cleavage through O-sensitive free radical chemistry, catalyzed by glycyl radical enzymes (GREs). The associated discoveries of new enzymes and metabolic pathways for sulfonate metabolism in diverse anaerobic bacteria have enriched our understanding of sulfonate chemistry in the anaerobic biosphere. An anaerobic environment of particular interest is the human gut microbiome, where sulfonate degradation by sulfate- and sulfite-reducing bacteria (SSRB) produces HS, a process linked to certain chronic diseases and conditions.
Topics: Acetyltransferases; Alkanesulfonates; Anaerobiosis; Bacteria; Carbon-Carbon Lyases; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glycine; Humans; Hydrogen Sulfide; Isethionic Acid; Microbiota; Sulfonic Acids; Taurine
PubMed: 33823652
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-080120-024103