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International Journal of Clinical... 2022The ratio between second and fourth digit lengths (2D:4D ratio) is termed as hormonal fingerprint. Second and fourth digit lengths ratio is used as a biological marker...
BACKGROUND
The ratio between second and fourth digit lengths (2D:4D ratio) is termed as hormonal fingerprint. Second and fourth digit lengths ratio is used as a biological marker for predicting and diagnosis of many metabolic disorders mainly coronary heart disease and autism, whereas, in dentistry, this method is still in blooming stage. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the new biological marker-hormonal fingerprints in the early detection of caries in children.
METHODOLOGY
A total of 250 children were randomly selected from both sexes of the age group 6-16 years. Caries assessment was done using standard mouth mirrors and community periodontal index probes. Caries status (deft and DMFT) was recorded and subjects with a total DMFT/deft score of >5 were considered to have a high caries rate. The hormonal fingerprint was made by measuring the length ratio of the index and ring finger with the help of vernier caliper. The entire study population was divided into children with 2D:4D ratio less than 1 and ≥1 based on the calculations of 2D:4D.
RESULTS
The results showed that 79.67% males and 29.92% females have 2D:4D ratio <1 and 70.07% females and 20.32% males have 2D:4D ≥1. There is negative correlation between caries incidence and 2D:4D ratio. Children with low 2D:4D ratio have high caries index (54.4%) and high 2D:4D ratio have low caries index (45.6%), which is statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
The study confirms a positive correlation between low 2D:4D ratio and high caries, which could be used as an early biological predictor of dental caries.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Beegum F, Khan N, George S, Early Prediction of Dental Caries using Hormonal Fingerprint in 6-12 Years Old Children: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(3):247-250.
PubMed: 35991796
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2387 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... Jul 2021To evaluate the clinical maximum mouth opening in children and its correlation with age, and sex.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the clinical maximum mouth opening in children and its correlation with age, and sex.
STUDY DESIGN
Three hundred children of age 6-12 years, from different schools of Moradabad city were included. The participants were divided into three groups based on their age i.e Group 1 (n=100) 6-8 years, Group 2 (n=100) 8-10 years and Group 3 (n=100) 10-12 yrs. Three recordings of maximum mouth opening (MMO) were obtained using digital vernier caliper and the mean of three was considered as the MMO of that child. The data was analyzed using Spearman correlation, ANOVA with post- hoc Bonferroni test. The significance level was predetermined at p≤0.05 .
RESULTS
The mean MMO for children of Moradabad of aged 6-8yrs in boys is 39.87 ± 4.91 mm and in girls is 36.85± 4.09 mm. In 8-10 yeas age group, the MMO in boys is 44.5± 5.1 mm and in girls 41.77± 5.24 mm. In 10-12 year age group, the MMO in boys is 49.63± 5.56 mm and in girls is 49.33±5.32 mm respectively. The MMO was found to be higher in boys in all the three age groups.
CONCLUSIONS
There was a significant difference in values of MMO in all the three age groups with boys having higher MMO values when compared to girls. Varying range of MMO values was observed within three age groups.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Male; Mouth
PubMed: 34192751
DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-45.3.12 -
Phytomedicine Plus : International... Nov 2023Moringa ( Lam.) seed extract (MSE) and its primary bioactive compound, moringa isothiocyanate-1(MIC-1), mitigate inflammation, oxidative stress, diabetes, and cancer in...
BACKGROUND
Moringa ( Lam.) seed extract (MSE) and its primary bioactive compound, moringa isothiocyanate-1(MIC-1), mitigate inflammation, oxidative stress, diabetes, and cancer in the rodent models following oral application.
PURPOSE
To investigate the topical anti-inflammatory activity of MSE and purified MIC-1 in a TPA-induced mouse ear edema model.
STUDY DESIGN
The present study elucidates the topical anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of action of MSE, containing 38% of MIC-1 and purified MIC-1 using a mouse ear edema model utilizing 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), as the pro-inflammatory agent.
METHODS
A time-dependent and dose-dependent response was determined by pretreating CD-1 mice with various doses of MSE and MIC-1, positive control, dexamethasone, or vehicle control, followed by TPA, and the subsequent difference in ear thickness was measured using digital Vernier calipers. The effective doses of MSE and MIC-1were then selected to evaluate the change in weight of the ears using 6 mm biopsy punches and the results were confirmed by microscopy. Inflammatory markers were quantified with Luminex multiplex immunoassay.
RESULTS
MSE and MIC-1 were effective in a dose-dependent manner in a TPA-induced ear edema model, causing a reduction in ear thickness and a 48% and 49% decrease in ear punch weight, respectively. MSE and MIC-1 also caused a reduction in the levels of cytokine and chemokines, interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) in the ear tissue. MSE and MIC-1 reduced IL-6 expression by 84% and 78%, MCP1 by 74% and 73%, and KC by 56% and 43%, respectively. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory effect of MSE and MIC-1 was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, used to assess the thickness of the ear swelling. MSE significantly reduced the thickness of the ears by 20% compared to TPA.
CONCLUSION
These results reveal the topical anti-inflammatory properties of MSE, and MIC-1 likely transmitted via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways as mentioned in previous studies. This work also suggests therapeutic uses of MSE and/or MIC-1 for skin inflammation.
PubMed: 38037612
DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2023.100479 -
Cureus Feb 2022Background Sexual dimorphism in human bones has mostly been confined to the study of the bony pelvis. However, considerable changes also exist in the other parts of the...
Background Sexual dimorphism in human bones has mostly been confined to the study of the bony pelvis. However, considerable changes also exist in the other parts of the skeletal system. This study focuses on the differences in the morphometry of male and female adult scaphoids. Aims and objectives We aim to study the morphometry of male and female adult human scaphoids and determine the differences between the same. Materials and methods A total of 100 scaphoids were freshly dissected from both hands of 25 male and 25 female cadavers in Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, India. The soft tissues were loosened using 5% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. Further, the soft tissues were removed by meticulous dissection. For the measurements, vernier calipers and threads for circumference measurement were used. Results The morphometric parameters included length, proximal width, width of the middle part (waist), distal width and circumference of the waist, and circumference of the tubercle in scaphoids. Statistical differences were found in most of the parameters. Conclusion A statistically significant difference exists between the morphometric measurements of male and female adult scaphoids, which may prove helpful in the fracture fixation of the scaphoid, as scaphoid fracture has a risk of avascular necrosis.
PubMed: 35350490
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22263 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Jun 2022Anterior tooth selection is an important step in complete denture treatment as it plays a pivotal role not only in esthetics but also in mastication and pronunciation....
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Anterior tooth selection is an important step in complete denture treatment as it plays a pivotal role not only in esthetics but also in mastication and pronunciation. However, conventional methods for tooth selection are not well established and rely on facial measurements and proportions, which vary among different ethnicities.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this clinical study was to investigate the relationship between interalar width and intercanine distance and to compare different clinical methods for determining the position of the canine tooth.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Two hundred Thai participants (100 men and 100 women) aged 18 to 25 years with 6 full maxillary anterior teeth were enrolled in this study. The interalar width and intercanine distance were measured with digital vernier calipers and compared by using the paired-samples t test. To determine the canine position, 2 reference lines-the alar line (A line) and the inner canthus of the eye to alar line (IA line)-were drawn through the canine on both sides. The horizontal distances from each reference line to the canine cusp tip and distal contact point were evaluated and then analyzed using the 1-sample t test.
RESULTS
All measurements were significantly different between men and women (P<.01). Interalar width was greater than intercanine distance in both sexes. In men, the A line coincided with the canine distal contact point (P>.05). In contrast, the IA line was distal to the canine distal contact point by 3.5 ±3.6 mm on the left side and by 3.9 ±3.4 mm on the right side. In women, the A line was situated between the canine cusp tip and distal contact point. It was mesial to the distal contact point by 2.0 ±2.0 mm on the left side and by 1.8 ±2.0 mm on the right side. The IA line was distal to the canine distal contact point by 1.2 ±2.6 mm on the left side and by 1.6 ±2.7 mm on the right side.
CONCLUSIONS
The interalar width is greater than the intercanine distance in both sexes. The A line is more clinically relevant than the IA line for predicting canine position. The A line can directly determine the distal contact point of the canine in edentulous male patients. However, in women, a distance of approximately 2 mm should be added distal to the A line to locate the distal contact point of the canine on both sides.
Topics: Cuspid; Denture, Complete; Esthetics; Face; Female; Humans; Incisor; Male
PubMed: 33468316
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.11.022 -
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Dec 2022Past research indicated that scapular malposition is related to the glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD). However, there is no research examining the effect of...
BACKGROUND
Past research indicated that scapular malposition is related to the glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD). However, there is no research examining the effect of throwing-related pain on this relationship. This study investigated the relationship between scapular position and range of motion (ROM) and compared the difference in this relationship between with and without throwing-related pain.
METHODS
Forty male baseball players in high school were recruited for this study. The existence and degree of throwing-related pain were obtained from a questionnaire. Participants were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of the pain. Glenohumeral internal and external rotation ROM (abduction internal rotation angle and abduction external rotation angle [ABER], respectively) were measured using a digital inclinometer. The pectoralis minor muscle length was measured using a vernier caliper and scapula index, which indicated the scapular position, measured using a measuring tape. All these measurements were taken on both dominant and nondominant sides. The GIRD and total motion arc (TMA) deficit were calculated from the ROM measurements. Groups were compared using a mixed-model analysis of variance.
RESULTS
There was a significant interaction between group and ABER dominance. Other variables were not seen as the interaction effect. There was a significant positive correlation between the scapula index and TMA (r = 0.47, P = .02) and a negative correlation between the scapula index and GIRD (r = -0.65, P < .01) in the dominant side of the pain group. In addition, in the nondominant side of the pain group, the scapula index and ABER were significantly correlated (r = 0.43, P = .04).
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study indicate that the scapular position is associated with the glenohumeral ROM in high school baseball players. In addition, this study demonstrated that the scapular internally rotated position was correlated with the GIRD and TMA deficit in high school baseball players who had throwing-related pain. On the other hand, the scapular externally rotated position was correlated with increased ABER, mainly in the pain-free baseball players or on the nondominant side. These results indicated that the scapular position might affect the glenohumeral rotational ROM in high school baseball players.
Topics: Humans; Male; Baseball; Shoulder Joint; Scapula; Range of Motion, Articular; Schools
PubMed: 35781086
DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.05.023 -
Journal of the College of Physicians... Apr 2021A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the association between intercanine width and the mandibular arch form in 109 dentate subjects, who...
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the association between intercanine width and the mandibular arch form in 109 dentate subjects, who visited Orthodontics Department from October 2018 to December 2019. Using Vernier caliper, the intercanine width was measured as the distance between the left and right canines on each cast with the arch form, also categorized as tapered, square or ovoid, using predefined criteria. Spearman's rank correlation demonstrated highly significant association between intercanine width and mandibular dental arch forms, with p value of 0.005. Key Words: Dentate subjects, Mandibular arch forms, Inter-canine width, Sexual dimorphism, Mandibular dental cast.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Arch; Mandible; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 33866740
DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2021.04.478 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023The foramen ovale (FO) is a crucial feature of the skull base, serving as a passage for clinically important neurovascular structures. The present study aimed to provide...
The foramen ovale (FO) is a crucial feature of the skull base, serving as a passage for clinically important neurovascular structures. The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive morphometric and morphologic analysis of the FO and highlight the clinical significance of the anatomical characterization. A total of 267 FO were analyzed in skulls obtained from deceased inhabitants of the Slovenian territory. The anteroposterior (length) and the transverse (width) diameters were measured using a digital sliding vernier caliper. Dimensions, shape, and anatomical variations of FO were analyzed. The mean length and width of the FO were 7.13 and 3.71 mm on the right side and 7.20 and 3.88 mm on the left side. The most frequently observed shape was oval (37.1%), followed by almond (28.1%), irregular (21.0%), D-shaped (4.5%), round (3.0%), pear-shaped (1.9%), kidney-shaped (1.5%), elongated (1.5%), triangular (0.7%), and slit-like (0.7%). In addition, marginal outgrowths (16.6%) and several anatomical variations were noted, including duplications, confluences, and obstruction due to a complete (5.6%) or incomplete (8.2%) pterygospinous bar. Our observations revealed substantial interindividual variation in the anatomical characteristics of the FO in the studied population, which could potentially impact the feasibility and safety of neurosurgical diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
PubMed: 36900106
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050962 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Jan 2022The treatment of complex 3- and 4-part proximal humeral fractures has been controversial due to numerous postoperative complications. With the further study of medial...
BACKGROUND
The treatment of complex 3- and 4-part proximal humeral fractures has been controversial due to numerous postoperative complications. With the further study of medial support and blood supply of humeral head, new techniques and conception are developing. The study aims to illustrate the medial approach of the proximal humeral fracture through cadaver autopsy.
METHOD
Upper limbs from 19 cadavers have been dissected to expose the shoulder joint. We selected the coracoid process as the bony reference. Vernier caliper will be used to measure the following data, including distance from coracoid process to circumflex brachial artery, distance between anterior humeral circumflex artery (ACHA) and posterior circumflex brachial artery (PCHA) and their diameters. Assessment included the characteristics of the vascular supply around the humeral head, identification of the structures at risk, quality of exposure of the bony structures, and feasibility of fixation.
RESULTS
The medial approach is appropriate in 86.84% anatomical patterns. Between the lower part of the shoulder capsule and the insertion of conjoined tendon, the bony surface exposed was limited by the interval between ACHA and PCHA. An interval of 2 to 3 cm (24.29 ± 3.42 mm) was available for medial plate. ACHA (49.35 ± 8.13 mm, 35.14-68.53 mm) and PCHA (49.62 ± 7.82 mm, 37.67-66.76 mm) were about 5 cm away from the coracoid process. Risk structures including ACHA and PCHA originate in common, PCHA originated from the deep brachial artery (DBA), the presence of perforator vessels, musculocutaneous nerve intersects with ACHA, the diameter of PCHA: ACHA < 1.5. In 13.15% anatomical patterns, this risk structure should be taken seriously.
CONCLUSION
The medial approach opens a new perspective in the optimal management of complex fractures of proximal humerus. Anatomical research proves that the medial approach is feasible. The interval between ACHA and PCHA is suitable for placement. Anatomical pattern and indication have been discussed, and we hypothesized that ACHA has been destroyed in complex PHFs. With further studies on the anatomy and mechanism of injury, the development of more clinical cases will be an important work of our institution in the future.
Topics: Arm; Arteries; Bone Plates; Cadaver; Humans; Humeral Head; Shoulder Fractures
PubMed: 35039046
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02897-2 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2022Evaluation of tumorigenic potential of medulloblastoma cell lines in vivo has been the obvious and major next step following cell line driven research for last many...
Evaluation of tumorigenic potential of medulloblastoma cell lines in vivo has been the obvious and major next step following cell line driven research for last many years. Effect of changes in expression of gene/s or efficacy of anticancer drugs on tumor initiation and/or growth can be easily assessed by injecting genetically modified cell lines in vivo or by treating in vivo xenografts of established cell lines with newer inhibitors or anticancer drugs. These studies are easy to perform and to reproduce in comparison to patient derived xenografts owing to ease in propagating, maintaining, and modifying genetic makeup of cell lines. Here we describe standardized protocols of obtaining either subcutaneous or orthotopic xenografts of medulloblastoma cell lines in immunodeficient mice. Once established, tumor growth of xenografts can be assessed during the course of experiment by either employing a simple method using Vernier caliper or technically demanding but sensitive method like in vivo bioluminescence imaging. In addition, xenograft tumors of euthanized animals can be preserved as formalin-fixed tissue specimens for further histopathological, immunohistochemical, or molecular analysis.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Cerebellar Neoplasms; Heterografts; Humans; Medulloblastoma; Mice; Transplantation, Heterologous; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
PubMed: 34978697
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1952-0_15