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Morphometric analysis of Bonwill's triangle and its dental applications in dry human mandible bones.Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical... Nov 2022Bonwill's triangle is an imaginary equilateral triangle formed when the centers of two condyles and each condyle with the medial mandibular incisal midpoint are joined....
Bonwill's triangle is an imaginary equilateral triangle formed when the centers of two condyles and each condyle with the medial mandibular incisal midpoint are joined. The dimensions of the tooth, with other bones of cranium, and the entire anatomical structure of body are in persistent association with the distance of the borders of the triangle. It can be used to study articulation of the mandible, complete dentures, and dental occlusion and can be related when treating mandibular fractures. The aim is to analyze the variations in the length of Bonwill's triangle in dry human mandibles and its dental implications. Forty dry human mandibles were taken to carry out this study. Distances between the center of the right condylar process to the inner medial mandibular incisal midpoint (A), the distance between the center of the left condylar process to the inner medial mandibular incisal midpoint (B), and the distance between the centers of right and left condylar process of mandible (C) were measured with the aid of digital vernier caliper. The statistics was evaluated and observed using the statistical analysis software SPSS (Version 20.0) and the mean and standard deviation was calculated. The mean length between right condyle center and medial mandibular incisal midpoint is 97.76 mm, between left condyle center and medial mandibular incisal midpoint is 98.55 mm, and between the right and left condyle centers is 97.39 mm. The values are almost equal to 4 inches. The mandibular measurements serve as an important factor for many clinical conditions especially related to dentistry. The results of this study can be of great significance when treating mandibular fractures and defects.
PubMed: 36643100
DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_151_22 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery (Hong... 2023Previous studies lacked adequate quantitative data on sustentaculum tali (ST), especially in Chinese population. The aims of this study are to explore the quantitative...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies lacked adequate quantitative data on sustentaculum tali (ST), especially in Chinese population. The aims of this study are to explore the quantitative morphology of ST in dried bone specimens, and to discuss its implications related to ST screw fixation, talar articular facet variation, as well as subtalar coalitions.
METHODS
A total of 965 dried intact calcanei from Chinese adult donors were evaluated. All linear parameters were measured by two observers with a digital sliding vernier caliper.
RESULTS
Most parts of ST body can accommodate a commonly-used 4-mm-diameter screw, but the minimum height of anterior ST is only 4.02 mm. The shapes of the STs are slightly affected by left-right, subtalar facet, but the subtalar coalition may potentially increase the sizes of STs. The incidence of tarsal coalition is 14.09%. Among the osseous connection, there are 58.8% of type A articular surface and 76.5% of middle and posterior talar facet (MTF and PTF) involvement. ROC curve shows that subtalar coalition will be detected when ST length is greater than 16.815 mm.
CONCLUSIONS
Theoretically, all the STs can accommodate 4 mm diameter screw, but a 3.5 mm diameter screw is recommended to be placed in the middle or posterior of the small ST for safety. The shapes of the STs are greatly influenced by the subtalar coalition, while they are less affected by left-right, subtalar facet. The osseous connection is common in type A articular surface and always involved in the MTF and PTF. The cut-off value of the length of STs was confirmed as 16.815 mm for predicting subtalar coalition.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Bone Screws; Calcaneus; Clinical Relevance; East Asian People; Lower Extremity
PubMed: 37341523
DOI: 10.1177/10225536231178354 -
Journal of Indian Association of... 2021In this study, we observed using serial injections of parenteral testosterone whether we can alter the degree of hypospadias.
CONTEXT
In this study, we observed using serial injections of parenteral testosterone whether we can alter the degree of hypospadias.
AIMS
The aim was to study the effect of testosterone on different parts of the phallus in hypospadias and to see if we can alter the degree of hypospadias.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
This was a prospective observational study.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Forty-five boys with proximal and mid-penile hypospadias below the age of puberty who did not have prior testosterone injection or surgery were recruited in this study for the duration of 1 year and given testosterone injection intramuscularly and measurement taken using Vernier caliper at regular interval followed by surgery. The follow-up was at the 1, 3, and 6 months of surgery.
RESULTS
Of 45 patients who received intramuscular testosterone injections, 40 showed some degree of response. Of these 40 patients, 23 showed a significant improvement in phallic size, whereas 17 showed a clinically insignificant response only. Of these 23 patients, 14 improved from a mid-penile to a distal penile hypospadias, whereas 7 improved from proximal penile to mid-penile hypospadias, and 2 showed an exceptionally good response and improved from proximal penile to distal penile hypospadias, whereas 5 patients exhibited no response at all.
CONCLUSION
Through this study, we can conclude that intramuscular testosterone can be effective in some patients with proximal and mid-penile hypospadias to convert them into either mid- or distal penile hypospadias by the differential response of different parts of the phallus, and this may favorably alter the type of procedure required for the hypospadias repair.
PubMed: 33953511
DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.JIAPS_214_19 -
International Journal of Dentistry 2022The purpose of this study was to observe and describe some of the dento-gingival components of esthetics like the mean gingival zenith position (GZP) with respect to the...
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to observe and describe some of the dento-gingival components of esthetics like the mean gingival zenith position (GZP) with respect to the vertical bisected midline axis (VBM), relative gingival zenith level (GZL) of lateral incisors (LIs), heights and widths of central incisors (CIs), LIs, and their ratios.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional, hospital-based, descriptive study was conducted from Feb 2019 to Aug 2019. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. Convenience sampling was done. Variables (above mentioned) were marked and measured on the casts with a calibrated digital vernier caliper and entered in the data sheet, and descriptive analysis was done with SPSS version 20.
RESULTS
A total of 210 subjects of the age group 18-25 years were included in the study. Mean GZP of the right CI was 0.49 ± 0.54 mm, of the left CI was 0.42 ± 0.43 mm, of the right LI was 0.20 ± 0.34 mm, of the left LI was 0.04 ± 0.35 mm, of the right C (Canine) was 0.023 ± 0.38 mm, and of left C was 0.07 ± 0.38 mm. Mean relative GZL of LI was about 0.40-0.41 mm below the reference line. Mean height of the right CI was 9.34 ± 0.93 mm, and that of the left CI was 9.31 ± 0.87 mm; that of the right LI was 7.91 ± 0.98 mm, and that of the left LI was 7.92 ± 0.91 mm. Mean width of the right CI was 8.34 ± 0.57 mm, and that of the left CI was 8.38 ± 0.48 mm; that of the right LI was 6.62 ± 0.58 mm, and that of the left LI was 6.66 ± 0.53 mm.
CONCLUSIONS
Mean GZP of each upper anterior tooth was distally located with respect to VBM; that of CI was more distally placed than LI and C. Relative GZL of LI was below the reference line. The central incisor width/height ratio obtained was >80% that means a squarer tooth.
PubMed: 36317168
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5589309 -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology Jul 2020Inhibitory effect of endostar combined with radiotherapy on gastric cancer (GC) animal models and its effect on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and...
BACKGROUND
Inhibitory effect of endostar combined with radiotherapy on gastric cancer (GC) animal models and its effect on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and inter-leukin-10 (IL-10) were evaluated.
METHODS
Forty mice of GC model xenograft tumors were prepared and randomly divided into blank control group, endostar group, radiotherapy group, and endostar combined with radiotherapy group (combination group). From the 14th day, a vernier caliper was used for measuring the long and short diameters of the xenograft tumors. The formula V = ab/2 was used for calculating the tumor volume and to obtain its average value. Tumor growth curves were plotted to calculate the tumor inhibition rate. The growth of xenograft tumors and the behavioral changes of mice were observed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for detecting the expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1.
RESULTS
The tumor growth in the combination group was significantly inhibited, and the tumor volume was the smallest compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). Compared to the blank control group, the tumor inhibition rate was 11.8% in endostar group, 33.0% in radiotherapy group, and 52.1% in combination group (p < 0.01). Endostar combined with radiotherapy had an interaction in decreasing the expression levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 (F = 4.35 and 5.12, p < 0.05). Leucocyte count was significantly higher in control and combination groups than that in endostar and radiotherapy groups. The body weight of mice in endostar and radiotherapy groups decreased after treatment (p < 0.05). The body weight of mice after treatment in control and combination groups increased, with a statistically significant difference compared to that before treatment (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference among all groups after treatment (F = 198.1, p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Endostar combined with radiotherapy can inhibit tumor growth and downregulate the expression levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 through synergistic action.
Topics: Animals; Endostatins; Mice; Models, Animal; Prognosis; Recombinant Proteins; Stomach Neoplasms; Transforming Growth Factor beta1
PubMed: 32669133
DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-01937-1 -
Annual International Conference of the... Jul 2023Objective measurement of the lumen area demands an intraoperative diagnostic tool to aid on-site decision-making. We present a compliant mechanism-based unfurling...
Objective measurement of the lumen area demands an intraoperative diagnostic tool to aid on-site decision-making. We present a compliant mechanism-based unfurling actuator assembly integrated with a shaft connected to a motorized encoder to translate torque from the user at the proximal end to the actuator at the distal end. The actuator assembly has flexible arms coiled inside a cylindrical casing that moves radially outward upon actuation. Leveraging 3D printing of flexible materials, the unfurling actuator's four-arm design enables patency measurements in circumferential tracheal stenosis of varying grades. The rotary encoder output is correlated with the radially outward movement of the unfurling arms to estimate the lumen diameter. The measurement stability is analyzed using process control charts; data distribution over ten iterations reveals nearly 100% of process data falls between ±3 sigma (Upper and Lower control limits). Comparing measurements from the tool with direct measurement (vernier caliper) and ImageJ analysis, one-way ANOVA for circular morphology yields no significant differences in diameter p = 0.974 and area measurements p = 0.975.Clinical Relevance- Central airway narrowing reduces the effective lumen area in the tracheal and bronchial segments. Grading the degree of narrowing is often based on a suspicion index. A quick but thorough assessment of the airway caliber is essential in emergent or planned intubation, whether congenital, iatrogenic, or idiopathic tracheal stenosis.
Topics: Humans; Tracheal Stenosis; Torque; Intubation
PubMed: 38082710
DOI: 10.1109/EMBC40787.2023.10340671 -
Journal of Physiological Anthropology Jul 2023The aim of the present study is to evaluate the reduction of the distal teeth towards the medial ones in one functional dental group in southern Bulgarian population.
AIM
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the reduction of the distal teeth towards the medial ones in one functional dental group in southern Bulgarian population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study included 232 Bulgarians aged 20-40 years. Mesiodistal dimensions of the teeth were measured by Dentistry Sliding Vernier Caliper and analyzed with SPSS 23.0. Four interdental indices were calculated: inter-incisive, premolar, upper, and lower molar indices.
RESULTS
We found a decrease in the percentage ratio of the lateral to the central incisors of people from the Bulgarian population compared to those dating from the Eneolithic period on the territory of Bulgaria. Furthermore, we found a reduction in the percentage ratio of the upper and lower second molars compared to the first ones. The biggest reduction in the percentage ratio (more than 6%) was found in the lower second premolars compared to the first ones, which is characteristic for southern Bulgarians.
CONCLUSION
There was a dental reduction in all the distal members compared to the medial ones participating in one morphological dental group. As a result, we think that interdental indices can be used for explaining historical, cultural, and biological macro and microevolutionary processes and thus for understanding the origin, formation, contacts, and migration pathways of the different populations leading to ethnic variation of humanity. Therefore, they can be a reliable source of information in physiological anthropology.
Topics: Humans; Bulgaria; Young Adult; Adult; Tooth
PubMed: 37481566
DOI: 10.1186/s40101-023-00332-5 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2021The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle thickness and tone of the masseter and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles and maximum mouth opening (MMO) in subjects...
The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle thickness and tone of the masseter and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles and maximum mouth opening (MMO) in subjects with and without temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and perform a correlation comparison on the results of the TMD group. Sixty patients were allocated to the TMD group ( = 30) or the non-TMD group ( = 30). Ultrasound imaging, myotonometer, and vernier calipers were used to determine the related changes in muscle thickness and muscle tone in masseter and SCM, and MMO, respectively. The TMD group revealed a significant decrease than the non-TMD group in the muscle thickness of masseter and SCM, respectively ( < 0.001), with a significant increase in frequency ( < 0.001) and stiffness ( < 0.001) in the masseter muscle tone, with a significant increase in frequency ( < 0.001) and stiffness ( = 0.005) in the SCM muscle tone, a significant decrease in the MMO ( < 0.001). There was a moderate negative correlation between the relaxed state of masseter muscle thickness and stiffness of SCM muscle tone ( = -0.40, = 0.002), and a moderate negative correlation between the relaxed state of SCM muscle thickness and frequency of SCM muscle tone ( = -0.42, = 0.001). There was a moderate negative correlation between the clenching state of SCM muscle thickness and the frequency of SCM muscle tone ( = -0.47, < 0.001). In addition, a moderate negative correlation between MMO and frequency of SCM muscle tone ( = -0.44, < 0.001). The muscle thickness was decreased, and the muscle tone was increased in the masseter and SCM muscle, respectively. Additionally, MMO was decreased in patients with TMD compared with non-TMD.
PubMed: 34946366
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121640 -
RSC Advances Apr 2023In the present study, different concentrations (1 and 3%) of Bi were incorporated into a fixed amount of molybdenum disulfide (MoS) and SnO quantum dots (QDs) by...
In the present study, different concentrations (1 and 3%) of Bi were incorporated into a fixed amount of molybdenum disulfide (MoS) and SnO quantum dots (QDs) by co-precipitation technique. This research aimed to increase the efficacy of dye degradation and bactericidal behavior of SnO. The high recombination rate of SnO can be decreased upon doping with two-dimensional materials (MoS nanosheets) and Bi metal. These binary dopants-based SnO showed a significant role in methylene blue (MB) dye degradation in various pH media and antimicrobial potential as more active sites are provided by nanostructured MoS and Bi is responsible for producing a variety of different oxygen vacancies within SnO. The prepared QDs were described morphology, optical characteristics, elemental composition, functional group, phase formation, crystallinity, and -spacing. In contrast, antimicrobial activity was checked at high and low dosages against () and the inhibition zone was calculated utilizing a Vernier caliper. Furthermore, prepared samples have expressed substantial antimicrobial effects against . To further explore the interactions between the MB and Bi/MoS-SnO composite, we modeled and calculated the MB adsorption using density functional theory and the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof hybrid (HSE06) approach. There is a relatively strong interaction between the MB molecule and Bi/MoS-SnO composite.
PubMed: 37033429
DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00698k -
Forensic Science, Medicine, and... Sep 2023Sex determination is one of the fundamental procedures in the forensic investigation during personal identification. Foot dimensions, prints, indices, and angles are...
Sex determination is one of the fundamental procedures in the forensic investigation during personal identification. Foot dimensions, prints, indices, and angles are assessment tools used by podiatrists and forensic anthropologists. The arch index remains a tool for clinical evaluation of the incidence of pes planus by clinicians. This cross-sectional study was performed to investigate sexual dimorphism and discriminate sex using foot and footprint dimensions, foot angles, and foot indices among the Ebira ethnic group of Nigeria. Bilateral foot outlines and prints were obtained from 317 females and 283 males using a digital Vernier caliper, improvised footpad, and A4 paper. The results revealed that in the right foot and print, the males' bare right foot length (BRFL), bare right foot breadth (BRFB), right arch index (RAI), right Chippaux-Smirak index (RCSI), right footprint angle (RFPA), right ball angle (RBA), and all the measurements of the corresponding toes in the prints are significantly greater (p < 0.05) than the females. The same trend was also observed in the left footprint except for the left ball angle (LBA). The stepwise, binary logistics regression model for sex determination showed that bare left foot breadth (BLFB) and bare right foot length (BRFL) were the single best predictors of sex with an accuracy of 72.5% and 71.7% accuracy. Other foot variables marginally increased the percentage accuracy at each step. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed the sexing potential of the bare left foot breadth and bare right foot length to be 79%. Sexual dimorphism exists in all the foot dimensions, arch indices, Chippaux-Smirak indices, footprint angles, and ball angles, except the left ball angle. The sexual dimorphism in the foot variables forms the basis of sex determination, with left foot breadth and right foot length as the best sex predictors. Therefore, 25 cm can be regarded as the cut-off point for foot length and 9 cm as the cut-off point for foot breadth among this tribe.
PubMed: 37688658
DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00711-5