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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery (Hong... 2023Previous studies lacked adequate quantitative data on sustentaculum tali (ST), especially in Chinese population. The aims of this study are to explore the quantitative...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies lacked adequate quantitative data on sustentaculum tali (ST), especially in Chinese population. The aims of this study are to explore the quantitative morphology of ST in dried bone specimens, and to discuss its implications related to ST screw fixation, talar articular facet variation, as well as subtalar coalitions.
METHODS
A total of 965 dried intact calcanei from Chinese adult donors were evaluated. All linear parameters were measured by two observers with a digital sliding vernier caliper.
RESULTS
Most parts of ST body can accommodate a commonly-used 4-mm-diameter screw, but the minimum height of anterior ST is only 4.02 mm. The shapes of the STs are slightly affected by left-right, subtalar facet, but the subtalar coalition may potentially increase the sizes of STs. The incidence of tarsal coalition is 14.09%. Among the osseous connection, there are 58.8% of type A articular surface and 76.5% of middle and posterior talar facet (MTF and PTF) involvement. ROC curve shows that subtalar coalition will be detected when ST length is greater than 16.815 mm.
CONCLUSIONS
Theoretically, all the STs can accommodate 4 mm diameter screw, but a 3.5 mm diameter screw is recommended to be placed in the middle or posterior of the small ST for safety. The shapes of the STs are greatly influenced by the subtalar coalition, while they are less affected by left-right, subtalar facet. The osseous connection is common in type A articular surface and always involved in the MTF and PTF. The cut-off value of the length of STs was confirmed as 16.815 mm for predicting subtalar coalition.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Bone Screws; Calcaneus; Clinical Relevance; East Asian People; Lower Extremity
PubMed: 37341523
DOI: 10.1177/10225536231178354 -
Annals of Translational Medicine Aug 2021Surgical operation plays an important role in the treatment of cancer. The success of the operation lies in the complete removal of the primary and disseminated tumor...
BACKGROUND
Surgical operation plays an important role in the treatment of cancer. The success of the operation lies in the complete removal of the primary and disseminated tumor tissue while preserving the normal tissue. The development of optical molecular image navigation technology has provided a new option for intraoperative tumor visualization. In this study, a fluorescence imaging navigation system was used to detect the diameter of mice tumors and provide experimental evidence for the further development of digital diagnosis and treatment equipment.
METHODS
The minimum detection concentration in vitro of the fluorescence imaging navigation system for indocyanine green (ICG) was first detected, then 120 female Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice and 120 female BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into three groups by weight, high-dose (H, 4 mg/kg), middle-dose (M, 2 mg/kg), and low-dose (L, 1 mg/kg) groups of ICG solution. After inoculating solid tumors, high, medium, and low doses of ICG were injected via the tail vein, and the tumor diameter was measured by a fluorescence imaging navigation system and vernier caliper within 24 hours of injection.
RESULTS
The minimum detectable diameter of the system could reach 0.2 mm compared with the vernier caliper, and the actual measurement error was within 0.2 mm.
CONCLUSIONS
A fluorescence imaging navigation system has high accuracy and sensitivity in the application of tumor detection, which may assist the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
PubMed: 34532375
DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3050 -
Asian Spine Journal Dec 2019Cadaveric, observational study.
STUDY DESIGN
Cadaveric, observational study.
PURPOSE
Atlantoaxial instability (AAI) is characterized by excessive movement at the C1-C2 junction between the atlas and axis. An anterior surgical approach to expose the upper cervical spine for internal fixation and bone grafting has been developed to fix AAI. Currently, no anatomic information exists on the anterior transarticular atlantoaxial screw or screw and plate fixation between C1 and C2 in the Indian population. The objective of this study is to assess the anatomic landmarks of C1-C2 vertebrae: entry point, trajectory, screw length, and safety of the procedure.
OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE
Methods outlined by Magerl and Harms are the optimal approaches among the dorsal techniques. Contraindications for these techniques include aberrant location of vertebral arteries, fractures of C1-C2 posterior structures. In these cases, anterior transarticular fixation is an alternative. Several available screw insertion trajectories have been reported. Biomechanical studies have demonstrated that adequate rigidity of this fixation is comparable with posterior fusion techniques.
METHODS
Direct measurements using Vernier calipers and a goniometer were recorded from 30 embalmed human cadavers. The primary parameters measured were the minimum and maximum lateral and posterior angulations of the screw in the sagittal and coronal planes, respectively, and optimum screw length, if it was placed accurately.
RESULTS
The posterior and lateral angles of screw placement in the coronal and sagittal planes ranged from 16° to 30° (mean±standard deviation [SD], 23.93°±3.93°) and 8° to 17° (mean±SD, 13.3°±2.26°), respectively. The optimum screw length was 25-38 mm (mean±SD, 28.76±3.69 mm).
CONCLUSIONS
If the screw was inserted without lateral angulation, the spinal canal or cord could be violated. If a longer screw was inserted with greater posterior angulation, the vertebral artery at the posterior or posterolateral aspect of the C1 superior facet could be violated. Thus, 26° and 30° of lateral and posterior angulations, respectively, are the maximum angles permissible to avoid injury of the vertebral artery and violations of the spinal canal or atlanto-occipital joint.
PubMed: 31309770
DOI: 10.31616/asj.2019.0006 -
Tropical Animal Health and Production Jul 2022The present study was designed to verify the effectiveness of the image analysis method for body measurement in dromedary camel compared to manual measurements as a...
The present study was designed to verify the effectiveness of the image analysis method for body measurement in dromedary camel compared to manual measurements as a reference method. To achieve this aim, twenty-one linear body measurements were estimated on 59 adult Sahraoui dromedary camels (22 males and 37 females) with a normal clinical condition by using a measuring stick or vernier caliper (standard method). On the other hand, image analysis on profile, front, or behind photographs was processed using Axiovision Software. Overall mean comparison, relative error, variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and coefficient of variance showed that the image analysis method was accurate in relation to the manual measurement. Furthermore, image analysis results indicated relevant accuracy (bias correction factor, C ≈1) and precision (Pearson ρ ≈1) which were significantly correlated with the results of the reference method (Lin's concordance correlation coefficients r ≈ 1). According to Bland-Altman upper and lower limits of agreement, the concordance was estimated between 93.22 and 98.3%. Passing-Bablok regression showed a good relationship between the results of the two methods displaying no significant systematic and proportional bias. The image analysis method for linear body measurements in dromedary camel showed results that are in agreement with the manual measuring method. Therefore, the image analysis could be considered a valid tool for camel conformation trait studies.
Topics: Animals; Camelus; Female; Male; Software
PubMed: 35857152
DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03242-3 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Jul 2022Although a common dental problem, there are no simple instruments or reliable methods to measure cervical abrasion.
CONTEXT
Although a common dental problem, there are no simple instruments or reliable methods to measure cervical abrasion.
AIM
To study the design, development, calibration, efficacy, and compliance of usage of a novel Cervical Abrasion Index of Treatment Need (CAITN) probe to measure cervical abrasion.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
The study was conducted as a part of comprehensive study for the development of standardized CAITN probe and index with a standard methodology for recording the abrasion.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The compliance and usage of the probe were assessed by a standardized set of questionnaires to the interns followed by an study in 100 subjects. Gold standard comparisons with Vernier caliper, inter-examiner, and intra-examiner reliability were analyzed using SPSS.
RESULTS
Data from the questionnaire indicate that 100% of examiners had no difficulty in handling the instrument or measuring and reading the values. Comparison between the CAITN probe and the gold standard was statistically significant indicating a correlation for cervical abrasion measurement between the two methods ( < 0.001). The mean difference between the two measurements using the CAITN probe and gold standard method was calculated with paired -test and was insignificant ( > 0.05). High statistical significant correlation was also found for intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability measurement of CAITN probe ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The design and structure of the CAITN probe are standardized with a fair gold standard comparison and that the novel probe can be used as an effective tool to measure the depth of cervical abrasion and its treatment needs.
PubMed: 36110716
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_627_21 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Jul 2022Teeth are one of the strongest hard tissues that can resist a variety of antemortem and postmortem insults and an important evidence in the field of medicolegal and...
BACKGROUND
Teeth are one of the strongest hard tissues that can resist a variety of antemortem and postmortem insults and an important evidence in the field of medicolegal and forensics. In the identification of unknown human remains of the deceased, stature estimation is a preliminary investigation. Previously, the comparison of osteometry with odontometry in stature determination has been made. Similarly, an attempt is made to estimate stature using intercanine and intermolar width which may be a forensic tool in the future.
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine stature using intercanine and intermolar width in the maxillary and mandibular arches and correlating to identify highly reliable parameter among the two. Further to evaluate the usefulness of odontometry in stature determination.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Subjects for the study were recruited from the outpatient department of APDCH and students of APDCH. One hundred subjects were included in the study comprising fifty males and fifty females within the age group of 17-28 years as per inclusion criteria. Digital Vernier caliper for measuring intercanine width (cusp tips on either sides) and intermolar width (central fossa of 1 molar on either sides) on the study models and standard anthropometer for measuring the height of the subject (vertex to the floor).
RESULTS
Compared to other parameters, the maxillary intercanine distance is statistically significant to = 0.05 with correlation value of 0.06 by Pearson correlation method.
CONCLUSION
The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis and was found that out of the four selected odontometric parameters, maxillary intercanine width with a = of 0.032 and Pearson correlation of 0.307 in Group 1 (males) were found to show a significant correlation with height. Regression analysis was done, and regression equations were derived. The following regression equation can be used to calculate the height of an individual, Group 1 (male) -Y = B+ Ax. Y = 135.5 + 0.947X (X - maxillary inter canine width). This method of stature prediction may be of relative importance but not of absolute certainty, thereby making it an adjunct to various other methods of stature prediction. Therefore, using odontometric parameters in combination improves the predictability of estimating stature rather than a single parameter.
PubMed: 36110759
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_853_21 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Feb 2022Conventional methods for measuring the various dimensions of a fruit vary from vernier calipers to machine vision systems. This accounts for system bulkiness, high...
Conventional methods for measuring the various dimensions of a fruit vary from vernier calipers to machine vision systems. This accounts for system bulkiness, high installation charges, and miscellaneous difficulties in continuous and precise monitoring. Considering the limitations, this paper reveals an inventive liquid-state stretchable strain sensor by incorporating poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and silver nitrate into an indigenous transparent polymer band. The combination of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and Ecoflex having an optimal mixing ratio (20:80) realized the equilibrium between a large strain, low stress, and less stickiness. The inclusion of a liquid polymer promoted high viscosity and chemical stability, while the addition of a metallic salt enhanced the electrical conductivity of the sensor. The correlation between strain and resistance showed high sensitivity and good repeatability of the PEG-silver nitrate composite. Linear resistance changes were noted with high coefficients of determination ( > 0.99) at least up to the strain of 30%. The performance test as a dendrometer on fruits of two different species demonstrated excellent stability of the sensor with increasing ratios from 1.7 to 3.9 kΩ/mm. This tunable elastic band sensor opened up a route toward long-term evaluation-targeted versatile applications such as fruit growth monitoring.
Topics: Citrus; Dimethylpolysiloxanes; Elastic Modulus; Elastomers; Electric Conductivity; Passiflora; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Polyesters; Polyethylene Glycols; Silver Nitrate; Viscosity; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 35043613
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21376 -
Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai... Jan 2023To study the anatomical characteristics of thoracoacromial artery perforator flap(TAAP), and to explore the advantages and disadvantages of TAAP in head and neck...
To study the anatomical characteristics of thoracoacromial artery perforator flap(TAAP), and to explore the advantages and disadvantages of TAAP in head and neck reconstruction. Four fresh cadavers (8 hemichests) were collected for anatomical observation, the blood supply of chest skin was observed through autopsy, the presence, number, location, caliber, and landmark on the chest surface of all thoracoacromial artery perforators per hemichest were recorded, including the distance of each from the midpoint of the clavicle. The diameters of the thoracoacromial artery and perforating vessels were measured with vernier calipers (accuracy 0.05 mm), the pedicle length and thickness were measured with a cm scale (accuracy: 1 mm) after the flap was obtained, and the retained photos were recorded. No perforating branch (12.5%) was found on one side of the 8 hemichests, two perforating branches (12.5%) were found on one hemichest, and one perforating branches (75.0%) were found on the rest of the hemichests. The perforating point was about between the clavicular head of pectoralis major (clavicular part) and the sternocostal head (sternocostal part). The vessels at the beginning of perforation were generally bulky, with an average diameter of 2.25 mm, however, the vessel diameter was significantly reduced after the perforation of the flap. The pedicle length of thoracoacromial artery perforator flap ranged from 5.43 cm to 9.03 cm, with an average length of 7.14 cm. The pedicle length from the exit point of perforator muscle gap to the flap was 2.32-4.63 cm, with an average length of 3.28 cm. The distance between the exit point of perforator muscle space and the lower edge of the midpoint of the clavicle was 3.31-4.52 cm, with an average distance of 3.77 cm. The thoracoacromial artery perforator flap has some advantages such as similar color as head, neck and maxillofacial region, stable blood supply, relatively consistent vascular pedicle length and caliber size, relatively larger flap, less damage to pectoralis major muscle, and protection of chest shape, thoracic movement and shoulder joint movement function. Although the clinical application of this flap is limited by the uncertainty of perforating vessels, postoperative asymmetry of the nipple and residual chest scar, it still has a broad application prospect in head and neck reconstruction.
Topics: Humans; Perforator Flap; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Head; Neck; Arteries
PubMed: 36597360
DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2023.01.001 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Apr 2021; Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) are effective in improving and maintaining Range of motion(ROM), increasing muscular strength and power, and increasing... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
; Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) are effective in improving and maintaining Range of motion(ROM), increasing muscular strength and power, and increasing athletic performance, especially after exercise. The scapula patterns defined in PNF are activated within the upper extremity patterns and scapula motions together. Proper function of the upper extremities requires both motion and stability of the scapula. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of scapula stabilization exercise training involving muscle strengthening, muscle balance, and movement control exercises on office workers with scapula dysfunction. : A total of 42 office workers with scapula dyskinesis were recruited and randomly divided into three groups: muscle strengthening exercise group ( = 14), muscle balance exercise group ( = 14), and movement control exercise group ( = 14). The participants underwent 18 sessions (25 min/session, 3 days a week for 6 weeks) of training involving the three types of exercises. : The measurement outcomes included the scapula index, measured using a digital Vernier caliper; scapula function, evaluated using the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) outcome questionnaire (pain and performing, work ability, and sports and art activities); and scapulohumeral movements (scapula upward rotation at humeral abduction angles of 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and 180°), evaluated using inclinometers. After the exercise intervention, the scapula index ( = 0.002), DASH pain and performing score ( = 0.000), DASH work ability score ( = 0.000), DASH sports and art activity score ( = 0.027), and scapulohumeral movements (scapula upward rotation at 0° ( = 0.013) and 45° ( = 0.043) humeral abduction) showed significantly greater improvements in the movement control group than in the muscle strengthening and muscle balance groups. : Thus, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation can be used as a rehabilitation intervention for scapula position and movement, pain reduction, and functional improvement in office workers with scapula dyskinesis.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Dyskinesias; Humans; Muscle Stretching Exercises; Range of Motion, Articular; Scapula
PubMed: 33915824
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57040332 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... Apr 2020To evaluate the effectiveness of oral exercise on oral function among the elderly at a selected old age home in Chennai.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the effectiveness of oral exercise on oral function among the elderly at a selected old age home in Chennai.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The present study adopted a one-group pretest and posttest (preexperimental) design.
METHODS
Participants received intervention "oral exercise" which comprised of exercises for expression muscles (orbicularis oculi, buccinator and orbicularis oris), tongue, salivary glands, and swallowing. The pre- and posttests included assessment of oral function (dry mouth symptoms, amount of salivary pH, salivary secretion, size of mouth opening, halitosis, and oral motor function) using summated xerostomia inventory, spitting into a measuring container for 10 min, pH meter, Vernier caliper, organoleptic test, and Sunnybrook facial grading system, respectively.
RESULTS
Using nonprobability convenience sampling technique, a total of 48 older people living in an old age home who met the inclusion and dental screening criteria were recruited. There was a statistically considerable difference noted in the mean scores of the dry mouth symptoms ( = 11.88), amount of salivary secretions ( = 17.05), salivary pH ( = 8.68), size of mouth opening ( = 14.76), halitosis ( = 13.13), and oral motor function ( = 11.52) at <.001 before and after oral exercise among the elderly.
CONCLUSION
Oral exercise as a self-regulating intervention can efficiently promote oral health of older people.
PubMed: 32670937
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_899_19