-
The Journal of Knee Surgery Mar 2022Implants used for total knee replacement (TKR) in most Asian countries are not designed originally for the Asian population, and studies have shown anthropometric...
Implants used for total knee replacement (TKR) in most Asian countries are not designed originally for the Asian population, and studies have shown anthropometric differences with respect to TKR among various ethnic groups. For this reason, implants designed for a specific population may not provide an anatomic fit when used in other populations. To avoid the consequences associated with such a misfit, the concept of ethnic-specific implant design is being introduced. In this study, the knee anthropometry of the Indian and Arabian patients was compared. They were operated with implants which were not ethnic-specific designs. Since the consequences associated with implant misfit apply equally to both the Indian and Arabian population, it is essential to compare the knee anthropometry of these two populations. Anthropometric measurements of the distal femur and proximal tibia of the Indian and Arabian knees were obtained intraoperatively using a Vernier caliper. Their respective aspect ratios (ARs) were calculated and statistically compared. It was found that the ARs of both tibia and femur of Indian and Arabian population did not show any statistical difference. There was no statistical difference between Indian and Arabian males ( = 0.345) and between Indian and Arabian females ( = 0.8210). However, a statistical difference in tibial AR (-value = 0.049) and femoral AR (-value = 0.003) was found significant when a comparison was made between the knees of Indian males and Indian females in the study. The above results suggested that TKR implants designed anatomically to suit the Indian population can also suit the Arabian population and vice versa. The obtained data can help implant designers to come up with ethnic-specific TKR implants.
Topics: Anthropometry; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Female; Femur; Humans; Knee; Knee Joint; Knee Prosthesis; Male; Tibia
PubMed: 32838458
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715101 -
Journal of the Indian Society of... 2022Mouth breathing is one of the most deleterious oral habits with a prevalence of 4%-6% among children. Due to the wide range of comorbidities associated with mouth...
INTRODUCTION
Mouth breathing is one of the most deleterious oral habits with a prevalence of 4%-6% among children. Due to the wide range of comorbidities associated with mouth breathing, early diagnosis and prompt treatment is indispensable. At present, there are very few objective methods available for the diagnosis of mouth breathing. The present study was planned to evaluate a possible correlation between nasal index (NI) and nasal cavity volume (NCV) among nasal and mouth breathers (MB). In addition, the average NCV of nasal and MB was also computed. The foresight of this research was to establish the significance of NI as an objective diagnostic tool for mouth breathing.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 8-11-year-old children. The NI was determined using a digital Vernier caliper and NCV was calculated using dolphin imaging.
RESULTS
There was a significant difference in NCV and nasal width (NW) in both groups, but no difference was seen in nasal height and NI. There was no statistically significant correlation between NCV and other parameters in both groups.
CONCLUSION
The present study was a baseline analysis in this line. Even though this study did not reveal any significant correlation between both parameters, future studies are recommended to explore a plausible correlation.
Topics: Child; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Mouth Breathing; Nasal Cavity
PubMed: 35439883
DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_372_21 -
Heliyon Oct 2022Pamp. Pectin (PP) was a Wudang functional food in China. It has the effect of dispelling fire, clearing heat and detoxification in folk medicine. However, little...
BACKGROUND
Pamp. Pectin (PP) was a Wudang functional food in China. It has the effect of dispelling fire, clearing heat and detoxification in folk medicine. However, little studies have been reported for their preparation, quality control, effects and toxicity.
METHODS
The leaves were collected from different pharms and seasons. The compounds in PP were identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. UV-VIS spectrophotometry with phenol-sulfuric acid and sodium nitrite aluminum nitrate were conducted for analyzing the water-soluble sugars and total flavonoids, respectively. L(3) orthogonal experimental method was used to optimize the preparation process of PP. For the pharmacological effects of PP, the swelling right hind paw of ICR mice was modeled using subcutaneous injection of carrageenan gum solution, and the local tissue inflammatory reactions of the model mice were investigated using vernier calipers and HE staining. The serum inflammatory factor expression was detected using ELISA. The acute toxicity experiments were carried out for safety assessment of PP in ICR mice.
RESULTS
Fifty-three compounds were initially identified in PP among which flavonoids were dominant (19 out of 53). The average values of water-soluble sugar content and total flavonoid content of PP were 13.366 and 4.970 mg/g, respectively. The best preparation process of PP was powder-liquid ratio 1: 20, temperature 90 °C, and stirring time 3 min. Data showed that PP reduced paw edema and decrease the serum level of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in the model mice. There was no toxic effect of PP on mice at a total dose of 6000 mg/kg/24h.
CONCLUSION
In summary, by optimizing the preparation process, PP with stable quality can be obtained. PP has anti-inflammatory effects without toxicity.
PubMed: 36281378
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11082 -
Cureus Jan 2022Background The deep palmar arch is formed by anastomosis of the continuation of the radial artery with the deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery. With recent advances...
Background The deep palmar arch is formed by anastomosis of the continuation of the radial artery with the deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery. With recent advances in microsurgical techniques for vascular repair, the knowledge of variations in the arteries of the hand, as well as the caliber of these arteries, has become more important for surgeons. Additionally, radial artery harvesting for myocardial revascularization is being performed nowadays, for which collateral circulation in the hand through the palmar arches is a prerequisite. Therefore, this study was conducted to study the patterns of the deep palmar arch and perform the morphometry of the arch. Methodology In this study, 30 hands (16 right and 14 left) from formalin-fixed adult human cadavers were dissected to observe the completeness, formation, and branching pattern of the deep palmar arch. The length of the arch was measured using a thread and scale. The diameters of the forming arteries and branches of the arch were measured at their origin using a digital vernier caliper. Results All deep palmar arches were complete. The arches were classified into two types based on whether the superior or inferior deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery completed the arch. Another classification was based on the interosseous space through which the radial artery or its branch entered the palmar region to complete the deep palmar arch. The length of the arch was 4.2 ± 0.47 cm on the right side and 4.0 ± 0.6 cm on the left side. The diameters of the deep palmar branch of the radial and ulnar arteries at their origin were 4.02 ± 0.48 mm and 1.90 ± 0.36 mm, respectively. No significant difference was found between the right and left sides. Conclusions The anastomosis was found between radial and ulnar arteries in all cases of the deep palmar arch. Therefore, it can be safe to sacrifice the radial artery in procedures such as radial artery harvesting and radial artery flap transfer. The knowledge of variations and morphometry of the arch will facilitate vascular repair surgeries on hands.
PubMed: 35145780
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20873 -
Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical... Nov 2022Stature is the height of an individual in an upright position. It is one of the key characteristics, which helps in defining any individual. Stature estimation is needed...
Stature is the height of an individual in an upright position. It is one of the key characteristics, which helps in defining any individual. Stature estimation is needed mostly in medicolegal cases where only a limited number of human fragments are left for forensic analysis. The teeth provide essential measurements that can be used to determine stature. The aim of the study is to find out whether the second maxillary interpremolar distance can be used to effectively estimate stature of individuals. For the study, the sample size taken was 60 (30 male and 30 females), and their second maxillary interpremolar distance was measured using a digital vernier caliper. The collected data were tabulated and statistical analysis was done using SPSS software (23), followed by linear regression. For male: Y = 178.65 - 1.09X, correlation coefficient, = 0.05, For female: Y = 169.30 - 1.99X, correlation coefficient, = 0.13. Since < 0.2, there is no correlation between the interpremolar distance of the second maxillary premolar and the stature. From our study, we conclude that the interpremolar distance of the second maxillary premolar cannot be a reliable parameter for stature estimation in both genders.
PubMed: 36643103
DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_216_22 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry : JCD 2020Dental caries remains the most widespread oral disease among all age groups. Hormonal fingerprints (second digit: fourth digit ratio or 2D:4D ratio) are biomarkers...
CONTEXT
Dental caries remains the most widespread oral disease among all age groups. Hormonal fingerprints (second digit: fourth digit ratio or 2D:4D ratio) are biomarkers displaying sexual dimorphism and diverse human phenotypic traits. A person's genetic makeup may influence the occurrence of dental caries.
AIM
The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of digit ratio on the incidence of dental caries.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
Two hundred patients between 18 and 55 years, reporting for restorations or endodontic therapy, participated in the study.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Hormonal fingerprints (2D:4D ratio) were measured with the help of a digital vernier caliper. Caries incidence was recorded using the DMFT index.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Data obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed using Independent -test and Chi-square test.
RESULTS
Males had a less mean 2D:4D ratio than females, which was statistically significant (-value = 0.003). Chi-square test was applied, and there was a statistically significant correlation between high digit ratio and caries experience (-value = 0.002). Females with a high digit ratio and males with a low digit ratio were in the moderate and low caries risk groups with a -value of 0.029 and 0.001 in the respective risk groups.
CONCLUSION
The present study displayed a correlation between hormonal fingerprints (2D:4D ratio) and dental caries. An indicator of caries risk will help prevent caries by implementing oral hygiene measures, which will reduce its incidence as the most occurring oral disease.
PubMed: 33623232
DOI: 10.4103/JCD.JCD_367_20 -
International Journal of Clinical... 2021Arch width discrepancy is important to predict treatment outcome as it affects the space availability and stability of dentition. Negligence to maintain arch form has...
INTRODUCTION
Arch width discrepancy is important to predict treatment outcome as it affects the space availability and stability of dentition. Negligence to maintain arch form has been recognized as a prime cause of relapse.
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
To assess the differences in intermolar and intercanine distances among class I, class II division 1, and class II division 2 malocclusion following orthodontic treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was performed on models of pre- and posttreatment from records of 100 patients visiting the Department of Orthodontics, MMCDSR using a digital Vernier caliper to measure intermolar and intercuspid distance. The sample comprised of both male and female patients of age group 14-25 years divided into three different groups, group I-class I malocclusion, group II-class II division 1 malocclusion, and group III-class II division 2 malocclusion. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Group II showed higher pretreatment intercanine width than group I whereas group III had lower pretreatment intercanine width than both group I and group II. Group I showed higher pretreatment intermolar width than group II. Pretreatment intercanine width was higher in group II compared with group I whereas it was lower for group III when compared with group I for the mandible.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Garg H, Khatria H, Kaldhari K, Intermolar and Intercanine width Changes among Class I and Class II Malocclusions Following Orthodontic Treatment. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(S-1):S4-S9.
PubMed: 35082459
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2049 -
Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal May 2023This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of penile girth enhancement (PGE) using amniotic membrane (AM) as a graft in a rabbit model. Additionally, quantitative...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of penile girth enhancement (PGE) using amniotic membrane (AM) as a graft in a rabbit model. Additionally, quantitative histological data of the structure of the penis were obtained by stereological studies.
METHODS
This study was conducted at the Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. In this study, 20 adult male rabbits of similar age and weight were allocated to two groups: sham surgery and surgery+AM. Both groups underwent surgery in which a longitudinal I-shaped midline incision was made in the tunica albuginea on the dorsal surface of the penis. The surgery+AM group underwent PGE using AM as a graft. The penile length and mid circumference were measured using a vernier caliper before and two months after the surgery.
RESULTS
The mean total volume and diameter of the penis significantly increased in the surgery+AM group ( <0.03 and <0.04, respectively). On stereological evaluation, a significant increase in the mean volumes of the tunica albuginea and corpora cavernosa was observed in the surgery+AM group compared to the sham group ( <0.01 and <0.03, respectively). Additionally, the mean volume densities of the collagen bundles, muscle fibres, cavernous sinuses, and the total number of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells increased in the surgery+AM group compared to the sham group ( <0.05 each). No infections, bleeding or other complications were observed.
CONCLUSION
The use of AM as a graft is a method that shows promising results for material use in penile enhancement. Thus, it may be considered for PGE in the future.
Topics: Animals; Male; Rabbits; Humans; Amnion; Penis; Iran
PubMed: 37377831
DOI: 10.18295/squmj.9.2022.053 -
Objective assessment of mouth opening after buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty: A prospective study.Urology Annals 2020Buccal mucosal graft (BMG) is frequently used for the reconstruction of urethral strictures with acceptable donor-site morbidity after graft harvest. There are only a...
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
Buccal mucosal graft (BMG) is frequently used for the reconstruction of urethral strictures with acceptable donor-site morbidity after graft harvest. There are only a few prospectively designed studies with a small number of patients reporting oral complications, particularly the mouth opening in the long terms. We did an objective assessment of mouth opening before and after 6 months of BMG urethroplasty as well as pain scores.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty-eight patients who underwent BMG urethroplasty were included in the study between May 2013 and December 2014. Preoperative mouth opening (reference point between two incisors with the highest of three readings taken as final) was measured using a Vernier caliper. Harvest site was left open to heal by secondary intentions. Postoperatively, mouth opening and pain scores using self-administered (Visual Analog Scale [VAS]) assessed on day 1 and day 3, and follow-up at 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months. Data were analyzed as mean (standard deviation [SD]), proportion, and median (inter-quartile range [IQR]) with two-tailedP < 0.05 as statistically significant.
RESULTS
The mean age was 39.6 years. The graft was harvested from a single cheek in 50% of patients. In remaining, it was taken from both cheeks, both cheeks with lip, and both cheeks with the tongue in 29.31%, 17.24%, and 3.5%, of patients, respectively. Preoperative mouth opening (5.13 cm [0.08]) was statistically significantly more than mouth opening on day 1 (4.34 cm [0.09]), day 3 (4.48 [0.09]), and day 7 (4.69 cm [0.09]). Mean difference became insignificant at the interval of 1 month (4.91 cm [0.09]) with 6 months' values showing marginal improvement over preoperative values (5.14 cm [0.07]). Pain was tolerable and patients reported low median VAS 2 (2-4) on day 1 and day 3 each. Reported median VAS became 0 (0-0) on day 7.
CONCLUSION
Mouth opening restriction after BMG urethroplasty is a definite entity in the initial postoperative period, which becomes nonsignificant by 6 months. The pain has no effect on mouth opening.
PubMed: 33100752
DOI: 10.4103/UA.UA_84_19 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2021Sex identification of skeletal remains is one of the prime factors employed in identification of an individual. Teeth, the most hard and stable human tissue, which is...
INTRODUCTION
Sex identification of skeletal remains is one of the prime factors employed in identification of an individual. Teeth, the most hard and stable human tissue, which is resistant to physical insults, serve as a valuable material for forensic, anthropological, odontologic and genetics. Among the four main attributes of biological identity, gender determination is usually the first step in the human identification process. Hence, the main objective of the present study was to assess the dimorphic status of mesiodistal (MD) width, labiolingual (LL) width as well as cervicoincisal (CI) length of the crown in both maxillary and mandibular permanent incisors, canines and first molars.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study comprised a set of 100 casts (50 males and 50 females) between the age group of 20-50 years of age. Impressions were made using alginate impression and study models were prepared using dental stone. The CI length of the crown, maximum MD width and maximum LL width of both maxillary and mandibular permanent incisors, canines and first molars were evaluated using digital Vernier calipers. The obtained data were analyzed using linear discriminant analysis and logistic regression method.
RESULTS
This study concludes that MD dimension of maxillary canine and CI dimension of mandibular first molar as reliable indicators for gender determination than mandibular canine, maxillary and mandibular central incisors and maxillary first molar dimensions.
CONCLUSION
This study concludes that MD dimension of maxillary canine and CI dimension of mandibular first molar as reliable indicators for gender determination than mandibular canine, maxillary and mandibular central incisors and maxillary first molar dimensions.
PubMed: 34349433
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_400_20