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The Journal of Knee Surgery Mar 2022Implants used for total knee replacement (TKR) in most Asian countries are not designed originally for the Asian population, and studies have shown anthropometric...
Implants used for total knee replacement (TKR) in most Asian countries are not designed originally for the Asian population, and studies have shown anthropometric differences with respect to TKR among various ethnic groups. For this reason, implants designed for a specific population may not provide an anatomic fit when used in other populations. To avoid the consequences associated with such a misfit, the concept of ethnic-specific implant design is being introduced. In this study, the knee anthropometry of the Indian and Arabian patients was compared. They were operated with implants which were not ethnic-specific designs. Since the consequences associated with implant misfit apply equally to both the Indian and Arabian population, it is essential to compare the knee anthropometry of these two populations. Anthropometric measurements of the distal femur and proximal tibia of the Indian and Arabian knees were obtained intraoperatively using a Vernier caliper. Their respective aspect ratios (ARs) were calculated and statistically compared. It was found that the ARs of both tibia and femur of Indian and Arabian population did not show any statistical difference. There was no statistical difference between Indian and Arabian males ( = 0.345) and between Indian and Arabian females ( = 0.8210). However, a statistical difference in tibial AR (-value = 0.049) and femoral AR (-value = 0.003) was found significant when a comparison was made between the knees of Indian males and Indian females in the study. The above results suggested that TKR implants designed anatomically to suit the Indian population can also suit the Arabian population and vice versa. The obtained data can help implant designers to come up with ethnic-specific TKR implants.
Topics: Anthropometry; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Female; Femur; Humans; Knee; Knee Joint; Knee Prosthesis; Male; Tibia
PubMed: 32838458
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715101 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... Nov 2023The size and shape of a tooth vary between individuals of different ethnic groups and genders because of the influence of different genetic factors. The information...
The size and shape of a tooth vary between individuals of different ethnic groups and genders because of the influence of different genetic factors. The information regarding the different anatomical factors using maxillary anterior teeth is very scanty. Thus to give more clarity, a study was planned to assess the correlation between head circumference and tooth-mesiodistal width among children of different ethnic origins.The study was carried out on 210 children aged 7 to 12 years in schools at Abha, Saudi Arabia.The mesiodistal (MD) width of the central incisor was measured using a digital vernier caliper. A Meter tape ruler was used to measure the Head/Cephalic dimensions. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS 20.0, and the results were analyzed. It was found that mean MD tooth width and head circumference were maximum in Saudi children, followed by South Asian and Arab/African, with an insignificant statistical difference (-value > 0.05). Correlation between MD dimensions of maxillary central incisor with head circumference was statistically significant (-value < 0.05) among Saudi and South Asian populations, whereas statistically insignificant (-value > 0.05) difference between Saudi and Arab/African populations. It was concluded that there exist the ethnic differences between tooth-mesiodistal width and head circumference dimensions of children. A positive correlation between head circumference and mesiodistal width of the central incisor was determined.
Topics: Child; Humans; Male; Female; Incisor; Cross-Sectional Studies; Population Groups; Ethnicity; Cephalometry; Maxilla; Odontometry
PubMed: 37997236
DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2023.044 -
Journal of the Indian Society of... 2022Mouth breathing is one of the most deleterious oral habits with a prevalence of 4%-6% among children. Due to the wide range of comorbidities associated with mouth...
INTRODUCTION
Mouth breathing is one of the most deleterious oral habits with a prevalence of 4%-6% among children. Due to the wide range of comorbidities associated with mouth breathing, early diagnosis and prompt treatment is indispensable. At present, there are very few objective methods available for the diagnosis of mouth breathing. The present study was planned to evaluate a possible correlation between nasal index (NI) and nasal cavity volume (NCV) among nasal and mouth breathers (MB). In addition, the average NCV of nasal and MB was also computed. The foresight of this research was to establish the significance of NI as an objective diagnostic tool for mouth breathing.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 8-11-year-old children. The NI was determined using a digital Vernier caliper and NCV was calculated using dolphin imaging.
RESULTS
There was a significant difference in NCV and nasal width (NW) in both groups, but no difference was seen in nasal height and NI. There was no statistically significant correlation between NCV and other parameters in both groups.
CONCLUSION
The present study was a baseline analysis in this line. Even though this study did not reveal any significant correlation between both parameters, future studies are recommended to explore a plausible correlation.
Topics: Child; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Mouth Breathing; Nasal Cavity
PubMed: 35439883
DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_372_21 -
Heliyon Oct 2022Pamp. Pectin (PP) was a Wudang functional food in China. It has the effect of dispelling fire, clearing heat and detoxification in folk medicine. However, little...
BACKGROUND
Pamp. Pectin (PP) was a Wudang functional food in China. It has the effect of dispelling fire, clearing heat and detoxification in folk medicine. However, little studies have been reported for their preparation, quality control, effects and toxicity.
METHODS
The leaves were collected from different pharms and seasons. The compounds in PP were identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. UV-VIS spectrophotometry with phenol-sulfuric acid and sodium nitrite aluminum nitrate were conducted for analyzing the water-soluble sugars and total flavonoids, respectively. L(3) orthogonal experimental method was used to optimize the preparation process of PP. For the pharmacological effects of PP, the swelling right hind paw of ICR mice was modeled using subcutaneous injection of carrageenan gum solution, and the local tissue inflammatory reactions of the model mice were investigated using vernier calipers and HE staining. The serum inflammatory factor expression was detected using ELISA. The acute toxicity experiments were carried out for safety assessment of PP in ICR mice.
RESULTS
Fifty-three compounds were initially identified in PP among which flavonoids were dominant (19 out of 53). The average values of water-soluble sugar content and total flavonoid content of PP were 13.366 and 4.970 mg/g, respectively. The best preparation process of PP was powder-liquid ratio 1: 20, temperature 90 °C, and stirring time 3 min. Data showed that PP reduced paw edema and decrease the serum level of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in the model mice. There was no toxic effect of PP on mice at a total dose of 6000 mg/kg/24h.
CONCLUSION
In summary, by optimizing the preparation process, PP with stable quality can be obtained. PP has anti-inflammatory effects without toxicity.
PubMed: 36281378
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11082 -
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences Jul 2021A trauma to the skull in the area of the pterion usually causes rupture of the middle meningeal artery leading to life- threatening epidural hematoma. The objective of...
BACKGROUND
A trauma to the skull in the area of the pterion usually causes rupture of the middle meningeal artery leading to life- threatening epidural hematoma. The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of different types of pterion and to determine its location using valuable bony landmarks.
METHODS
On 90 dry adult human skulls of unknown sex, age and nationality the distance of different landmarks from pterion was measured using stainless steel sliding Vernier caliper. The data were analyzed using SPSS version-20 and an independent t-test analysis was implemented. A value of P< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
RESULTS
A higher occurrence of sphenoparietal type of pterion with the absence of frontotemporal type was noted. About 23% and 77% of the suture types are found to be unilateral and bilateral, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between right and left sides of the skull in distances from the center of pterion to frontozygomatic suture, root of zygomatic arch, inion and in central thickness pterion.
CONCLUSION
This study showed that the most prevalent type of pterion is sphenoparietal, and revealed asymmetry in the distances from center of pterion to frontozygomatic suture, root of zygomatic arch and inion, and its central thickness. Such findings could offer worthy information about the type and location of pterion, which could be relevant to anatomists, neurosurgeons, forensic medicine specialist and anthropologists.
Topics: Adult; Cranial Sutures; Ethnicity; Humans; Skull; Zygoma
PubMed: 34703188
DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v31i4.23 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry : JCD 2020Dental caries remains the most widespread oral disease among all age groups. Hormonal fingerprints (second digit: fourth digit ratio or 2D:4D ratio) are biomarkers...
CONTEXT
Dental caries remains the most widespread oral disease among all age groups. Hormonal fingerprints (second digit: fourth digit ratio or 2D:4D ratio) are biomarkers displaying sexual dimorphism and diverse human phenotypic traits. A person's genetic makeup may influence the occurrence of dental caries.
AIM
The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of digit ratio on the incidence of dental caries.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
Two hundred patients between 18 and 55 years, reporting for restorations or endodontic therapy, participated in the study.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Hormonal fingerprints (2D:4D ratio) were measured with the help of a digital vernier caliper. Caries incidence was recorded using the DMFT index.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Data obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed using Independent -test and Chi-square test.
RESULTS
Males had a less mean 2D:4D ratio than females, which was statistically significant (-value = 0.003). Chi-square test was applied, and there was a statistically significant correlation between high digit ratio and caries experience (-value = 0.002). Females with a high digit ratio and males with a low digit ratio were in the moderate and low caries risk groups with a -value of 0.029 and 0.001 in the respective risk groups.
CONCLUSION
The present study displayed a correlation between hormonal fingerprints (2D:4D ratio) and dental caries. An indicator of caries risk will help prevent caries by implementing oral hygiene measures, which will reduce its incidence as the most occurring oral disease.
PubMed: 33623232
DOI: 10.4103/JCD.JCD_367_20 -
Journal of Voice : Official Journal of... Sep 2019This study aims to investigate the feasibility of pig arytenoid cartilage as an animal model for simulating arytenoidectomy under microlaryngoscope by comparing the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to investigate the feasibility of pig arytenoid cartilage as an animal model for simulating arytenoidectomy under microlaryngoscope by comparing the similarities and differences between pig arytenoid cartilage and human arytenoid cartilage.
STUDY DESIGN
This is a methodological study on the excised pig arytenoid cartilage and human arytenoid cartilage.
METHODS
Five excised human adult cadaver larynges and five adult excised porcine larynges were dissected and all the soft tissue and mucous membrane attached to the arytenoid and cricoarytenoid joint were removed. The anatomical structure and morphology of the arytenoid cartilage were observed and measured with a vernier caliper. Measurements included cricoarytenoid articular facet major and minor diameter, cricoarytenoid articular facet center distance, cricoarytenoid facet major and minor diameter, length of vocal process and muscular process, and distance between tip of vocal process, muscular process, and junction/apex of arytenoid cartilage. Data were then compared across these major anatomic markers using student t test.
RESULTS
The gross anatomy of the pig arytenoid cartilage was similar to the human. However, the size of the pig larynx arytenoid cartilage was obviously larger in total, and there was statistical significance for almost all measurements (P < 0.05), except the mean value of cricoarytenoid articular facet center distance, the cricoarytenoid facet minor diameter, and the length of vocal process of pig and human, without statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Moreover, the biggest differences between the pig arytenoid cartilage and the human arytenoid cartilage were that the pig arytenoid cartilage apex had the angle winding structure toward the back, and that the posterior part of the bilateral arytenoid cartilages was partially connected. Whereas after the angle winding was removed from the junction, pig arytenoid cartilage and human arytenoid cartilage were shaped both like a triangular pyramid.
CONCLUSION
The data of this metric comparative study indicate that pig arytenoid, after resecting the angle winding structure and incising the interarytenoid cartilage, is similar to the human's. Therefore, pig larynx is an appropriate experimental model for endoscopic arytenoidectomy. In addition, regarding the pig laryngeal angle winding structure, we still require further basic and clinical research to clarify its physiological function and significance.
Topics: Anatomic Landmarks; Animals; Arytenoid Cartilage; Cadaver; Humans; Species Specificity; Sus scrofa
PubMed: 30017432
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.02.015 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Jul 2022Teeth are one of the strongest hard tissues that can resist a variety of antemortem and postmortem insults and an important evidence in the field of medicolegal and...
BACKGROUND
Teeth are one of the strongest hard tissues that can resist a variety of antemortem and postmortem insults and an important evidence in the field of medicolegal and forensics. In the identification of unknown human remains of the deceased, stature estimation is a preliminary investigation. Previously, the comparison of osteometry with odontometry in stature determination has been made. Similarly, an attempt is made to estimate stature using intercanine and intermolar width which may be a forensic tool in the future.
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine stature using intercanine and intermolar width in the maxillary and mandibular arches and correlating to identify highly reliable parameter among the two. Further to evaluate the usefulness of odontometry in stature determination.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Subjects for the study were recruited from the outpatient department of APDCH and students of APDCH. One hundred subjects were included in the study comprising fifty males and fifty females within the age group of 17-28 years as per inclusion criteria. Digital Vernier caliper for measuring intercanine width (cusp tips on either sides) and intermolar width (central fossa of 1 molar on either sides) on the study models and standard anthropometer for measuring the height of the subject (vertex to the floor).
RESULTS
Compared to other parameters, the maxillary intercanine distance is statistically significant to = 0.05 with correlation value of 0.06 by Pearson correlation method.
CONCLUSION
The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis and was found that out of the four selected odontometric parameters, maxillary intercanine width with a = of 0.032 and Pearson correlation of 0.307 in Group 1 (males) were found to show a significant correlation with height. Regression analysis was done, and regression equations were derived. The following regression equation can be used to calculate the height of an individual, Group 1 (male) -Y = B+ Ax. Y = 135.5 + 0.947X (X - maxillary inter canine width). This method of stature prediction may be of relative importance but not of absolute certainty, thereby making it an adjunct to various other methods of stature prediction. Therefore, using odontometric parameters in combination improves the predictability of estimating stature rather than a single parameter.
PubMed: 36110759
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_853_21 -
International Journal of Clinical... 2021Arch width discrepancy is important to predict treatment outcome as it affects the space availability and stability of dentition. Negligence to maintain arch form has...
INTRODUCTION
Arch width discrepancy is important to predict treatment outcome as it affects the space availability and stability of dentition. Negligence to maintain arch form has been recognized as a prime cause of relapse.
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
To assess the differences in intermolar and intercanine distances among class I, class II division 1, and class II division 2 malocclusion following orthodontic treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was performed on models of pre- and posttreatment from records of 100 patients visiting the Department of Orthodontics, MMCDSR using a digital Vernier caliper to measure intermolar and intercuspid distance. The sample comprised of both male and female patients of age group 14-25 years divided into three different groups, group I-class I malocclusion, group II-class II division 1 malocclusion, and group III-class II division 2 malocclusion. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Group II showed higher pretreatment intercanine width than group I whereas group III had lower pretreatment intercanine width than both group I and group II. Group I showed higher pretreatment intermolar width than group II. Pretreatment intercanine width was higher in group II compared with group I whereas it was lower for group III when compared with group I for the mandible.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Garg H, Khatria H, Kaldhari K, Intermolar and Intercanine width Changes among Class I and Class II Malocclusions Following Orthodontic Treatment. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(S-1):S4-S9.
PubMed: 35082459
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2049 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2021Sex identification of skeletal remains is one of the prime factors employed in identification of an individual. Teeth, the most hard and stable human tissue, which is...
INTRODUCTION
Sex identification of skeletal remains is one of the prime factors employed in identification of an individual. Teeth, the most hard and stable human tissue, which is resistant to physical insults, serve as a valuable material for forensic, anthropological, odontologic and genetics. Among the four main attributes of biological identity, gender determination is usually the first step in the human identification process. Hence, the main objective of the present study was to assess the dimorphic status of mesiodistal (MD) width, labiolingual (LL) width as well as cervicoincisal (CI) length of the crown in both maxillary and mandibular permanent incisors, canines and first molars.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study comprised a set of 100 casts (50 males and 50 females) between the age group of 20-50 years of age. Impressions were made using alginate impression and study models were prepared using dental stone. The CI length of the crown, maximum MD width and maximum LL width of both maxillary and mandibular permanent incisors, canines and first molars were evaluated using digital Vernier calipers. The obtained data were analyzed using linear discriminant analysis and logistic regression method.
RESULTS
This study concludes that MD dimension of maxillary canine and CI dimension of mandibular first molar as reliable indicators for gender determination than mandibular canine, maxillary and mandibular central incisors and maxillary first molar dimensions.
CONCLUSION
This study concludes that MD dimension of maxillary canine and CI dimension of mandibular first molar as reliable indicators for gender determination than mandibular canine, maxillary and mandibular central incisors and maxillary first molar dimensions.
PubMed: 34349433
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_400_20