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Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi Jun 2020Objective To validate the accuracy and reliability of structured-light three-dimensional (SL-3D) scanning in measuring the length and area of the regular and...
Objective To validate the accuracy and reliability of structured-light three-dimensional (SL-3D) scanning in measuring the length and area of the regular and irregular scars on body surface and discuss its value in forensic practice. Methods The lengths of 30 cases of simulated linear scars and 50 cases of linear scars after injury were measured using soft ruler, vernier caliper + thin line method, and SL-3D scanning. The areas of 35 cases of simulated patchy scars and 15 cases of patchy scars after injury were measured using length × width, film tracing with coordinate paper method, pixel method, and SL-3D scanning, and then statistically analyzed. Results The differences between the length of the simulated linear scars measured by SL-3D scanning and standard length had no statistical significance. When simulated patchy scars and patchy scars after injury were measured with high surface curvature and large irregular areas, the differences between the results of SL-3D scanning measurement and the standard area had no statistical significance. When the length of 50 cases of linear scars after injury were measured using SL-3D scanning, the correlation coefficient between the measurement results of two different investigators was 0.998, and the correlation coefficient between the two measurement results by the same investigator was 1.000. The correlation coefficient between the results of SL-3D scanning and that of vernier caliper + thin line method was 0.996. Conclusion The three-dimensional information of the scars on the body surface can be acquired using SL-3D scanning. The measurement of the length and area of the scars is not influenced by the location of scars, curvature of surface, and human factors. The measurement results are accurate, reliable and has unique advantages.
Topics: Cicatrix; Data Collection; Forensic Medicine; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Reproducibility of Results; Research Design
PubMed: 32705842
DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.03.004 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2022Teeth morphometrics have been considered to be integral in identifying an individual as it is correlated with the body stature.
BACKGROUND
Teeth morphometrics have been considered to be integral in identifying an individual as it is correlated with the body stature.
AIM
The aim of the study was to determine the association between crown length and physical height of children and derive mathematical equations for the prediction of physical height from crown length of primary maxillary anterior teeth.
SETTING AND DESIGN
A dentomorphometric study was carried out among 100 Saudi Arabian children of 3-6 years of age. Maxillary arch impressions were taken for all participants. Clinical crown length and physical height were measured using digital Vernier Caliper and Physician Mechanical Beam Scale, respectively. Regression analysis, correlation analysis and unpaired -test were performed for data analysis.
RESULTS
In female children, a statistically significant moderate positive correlation between primary maxillary right lateral incisor and primary maxillary left central incisor and height of the children, and highly significant association between primary maxillary left lateral incisor and height of the children was found. Whereas for male children, there was a significant moderate positive correlation between primary maxillary right central incisor, primary maxillary right canine and primary maxillary left central incisor with physical height of children.
CONCLUSIONS
The research has established a significant positive correlation between the clinical crown length and the height of the children in combined sample for teeth numbers 51, 52, 53, 61 and 62. The study has derived the mathematical equations for the prediction of physical height from crown length of few maxillary anterior teeth, for both male and female children.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The estimation of physical height from the tooth-crown dimensions can prove to be quite beneficial aid in forensic investigations as teeth are resistant to huge traumatic forces such as in case of mass disasters.
PubMed: 35571301
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_357_21 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jan 2022Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract (Egb-761) is used for treating various inflammatory disease conditions therefore this study was performed.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract (Egb-761) is used for treating various inflammatory disease conditions therefore this study was performed.
AIM OF THE STUDY
The present study aimed at comparing the ameliorative effects of both systemic and topical Egb-761 versus dexamethasone on carrageenan-induced hind paw inflammation in rats.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Wistar albino rats were injected with carrageenan solution in the sub-planter region of the right hind paw. Egb-761 and dexamethasone were administered systemically to two groups while Egb-761 ointment 2% and dexamethasone sodium phosphate ointment were applied topically for another two groups. Vernier Caliper was used to assess rat paw thickness. Tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels have been estimated.
RESULTS
Carrageenan induced a significant rat paw edema and inflammation noticed 1 h post-injection as well as an increase of MDA, NO, and TNF-α in the inflamed skin tissues compared to the control group. Systemic and topical administration of Egb-761 and dexamethasone resulted in a significant reduction in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. They reduced the tissue levels of MDA, NO, and TNF-α. Dexamethasone showed a little bit superior anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy over Egb-761.
CONCLUSION
Our findings indicate the possibility of the therapeutic value of Egb-761 for alleviation of local inflammation by attenuating the increased MDA, NO and TNF-α levels.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Animals; Biomarkers; Carrageenan; Dexamethasone; Edema; Ginkgo biloba; Inflammation; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 34520829
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114619 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2023The anthropometric facial clinical proportions are used in the field of orthodontics, maxillofacial and plastic surgery for aesthetic or abnormality corrections. There... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
CONTEXT
The anthropometric facial clinical proportions are used in the field of orthodontics, maxillofacial and plastic surgery for aesthetic or abnormality corrections. There is lack of enough literature on the facial profiles of Indians.
AIM
To assess correlations between facial parameters and stature of young Maharashtrian women by using anthropometry.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
It is a cross-sectional observational pilot study at Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, after approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee.
METHODS AND MATERIAL
The study included 15 students of 21-23 years age selected by simple randomisation. The facial parameters were measured by sliding vernier calipers after identifying facial landmarks by stickers. Facial height (FH) in thirds; upper FH (UFH), middle FH (MFH) and lower FH (LFH); facial width (FW) and stature or overall height (OH) were calculated to define average facial features.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Multiple pairwise statistics and simple linear regression analyses were done for various dependent variables.
RESULTS
The means of UFH, MFH, LFH and total facial heights (TFH) were found to be 5.2 ± 0.54, 5.35 ± 0.34, 5.16 ± 0.44 and 15.7 ± 0.98 cm, respectively. The TFH showed a moderate correlation with stature (P ≤ 0.05, r = 0.64) and a strong correlation with lower lip length (P = 0.001, r = 0.78). Facial width showed a negative correlation with facial shape (P ≤ 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The selected sample showed the statistically insignificant difference between UFH, MFH and LFH indicating equitable distribution among Indian women of Maharashtrian origin of 21-23 year age group. Longer TFH is positively correlated with higher stature and longer lower lip length.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pilot Projects; Cross-Sectional Studies; India; Dental Care; Face
PubMed: 38197340
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_594_22 -
The Spine Journal : Official Journal of... Nov 2020Postoperative C5 palsy is not an uncommon complication in patients who undergo expansive open-door laminoplasty. However, the etiology is unclear and likely...
BACKGROUND
Postoperative C5 palsy is not an uncommon complication in patients who undergo expansive open-door laminoplasty. However, the etiology is unclear and likely multifactorial. Nerve root lesions and spinal cord lesions have been previously proposed theories.
PURPOSE
To investigate the anatomical mechanism of postoperative C5 palsy after cervical expansive open-door laminoplasty.
STUDY DESIGN
A dissection-based study of eight embalmed human cadavers.
METHODS
The anatomy was studied in eight whole cervical cadavers (three females, five males), prepared with formaldehyde, whose ages at the time of death ranged from 54 to 78 years. Dissection was performed on the intervertebral foramen and spinal canal. In the C3-C7 of the cervical vertebra, the extraforaminal ligaments and the meningovertebral ligaments were observed. The length, width, and thickness of the ligaments were measured with a Vernier caliper. After an expansive open-door laminoplasty was performed, the shape of the dural sac was changed, and displacement of the nerve root was observed. In addition, the lengths of the anterior rootlets were measured. This study has been supported by grants from Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (CN) (Grant No. 2017B020210010) without potential conflict of interest-associated biases in the text of the paper.
RESULTS
One hundred seventy-seven extraforaminal ligaments were found to connect the spinal nerve to the surrounding structures. After an expansive open-door laminoplasty was performed, posterior distension of the dural sac and movement of the spinal cord and nerve root were found. The spinal cord was closely attached to the ligamentum flavum by meningovertebral ligaments. In addition, the length of the C5 intradural rootlets (5.81-10.59 mm) was the shortest among the vulnerable segments.
CONCLUSION
Traction on and posterior movement of the extradural roots may be the main pathologic mechanism of postoperative C5 palsy when expansive open-door laminoplasty is performed. The meningovertebral ligaments and extraforaminal ligaments might play an important role in the occurrence of postoperative C5 palsy.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
This study provides clinicians with a more detailed understanding of the anatomic structure and potential mechanism of C5 palsy. Consideration of the meningovertebral ligaments and the intervertebral foramen may provide new directions for reducing the incidence of this complication.
Topics: Aged; Cervical Vertebrae; Female; Humans; Laminoplasty; Male; Middle Aged; Paralysis; Postoperative Complications; Spinal Cord Diseases; Spinal Nerve Roots
PubMed: 32534137
DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2020.06.002 -
Journal of Functional Biomaterials Mar 2022The study on the magnification of the clear acrylic resin in prosthetic dentistry is important but lacking. Hence, this research aimed to investigate the magnification...
The study on the magnification of the clear acrylic resin in prosthetic dentistry is important but lacking. Hence, this research aimed to investigate the magnification of the iris in the ocular prosthesis with various thicknesses of clear heat cure acrylic resin. A total of 60 ocular prostheses were divided into six groups with various thicknesses of clear heat cure acrylic resin over the iris; T0 (control): no acrylic resin, T1: 2, T2: 4, T3: 6, T4: 8, and T5: 10 mm of clear acrylic resin over the iris. Each ocular prosthesis was manufactured from white acrylic, with a 10.250 mm iris. Then, the clear heat cure resin was placed over the iris, cured, then polished. The final diameter of the iris was measured with a vernier caliper. The sizes of the iris were compared among various groups using one-way ANOVA, and a significant level was chosen at p value = 0.01. The mean sizes of iris were T0 = 10.25, T1 = 10.92, T2 = 11.26, T3 = 11.91, T4 = 12.75, and T5 = 13.43 mm. The size of the iris was significantly different among the group (p < 0.0001). The magnification of the iris for different groups was 1.06 for T1, 1.10 for T2, 1.16 for T3, 1.24 for T4, and 1.31 for T5. The magnification of the iris increased as the thickness of clear heat cure acrylic resin over the iris is increased on the ocular prosthesis.
PubMed: 35323229
DOI: 10.3390/jfb13010029 -
Journal of the Indian Society of... 2022In the mixed dentition period, malocclusion is in dormant stage, any interception should be preceded by a mixed dentition space analysis.
CONTEXT
In the mixed dentition period, malocclusion is in dormant stage, any interception should be preceded by a mixed dentition space analysis.
AIMS
To derive new regression equation in sample subjects (indigenous group) with no intermaxillary tooth size discrepancy (Bolton's ratio) residing in Davangere and to evaluate its accuracy. To assess the difference of tooth dimensions between males and females and difference between right and left of dental arches.
DESIGN
Descriptive study.
AND METHODS
One hundred and fifty children (11-15 years) were included and dental casts were made. A digital Vernier caliper was used for the measurement of teeth. Bolton's ratio was calculated. Group A: Casts without Bolton's discrepancy and Group B: Casts with Bolton's discrepancy.
USED
The data were analyzed with the SPSS software version 22.0. New regression equations were derived using correlation and regression analysis.
RESULTS
No statistically significant difference was recorded between the actual and predicted mesiodistal widths (MDWs) of permanent canine and premolars in maxilla and mandible, with/without Bolton's discrepancy. Males had statistically significant higher mean in maxillary and mandibular canine dimensions than female and no statistically significant difference between right and left side of dental arches was found.
CONCLUSION
New regression equation was formulated for Davangere population, in which actual and predicted widths of permanent canines and premolars were found to be almost similar when established from sample with/without Bolton's discrepancy. In MDWs, the canine showed significant sexual dimorphism and no clinically significant variations were seen in the right and left sides of both the arches.
Topics: Cuspid; Dental Arch; Dentition, Mixed; Female; Humans; Incisor; Male; Odontometry
PubMed: 35859406
DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_95_22 -
Open Veterinary Journal 2022It is vital to understand the gross anatomy and dimensions of the metacarpal and metatarsal bones in camels in order for veterinarians to identify fraud cases between...
BACKGROUND
It is vital to understand the gross anatomy and dimensions of the metacarpal and metatarsal bones in camels in order for veterinarians to identify fraud cases between males and females by carefully distinguishing between them.
AIM
It is to make comparisons of the morphological characteristics and measurements of the metacarpus and metatarsus bones of male and female camels.
METHODS
Forty metacarpus and metatarsus of adult camels of both sexes were collected from a typical Burydah slaughterhouse in KSA. The bones were treated according to the established methods of boiling, drying, and bleaching to study morphology. The measurement of the bones in this study has been taken by using digital vernier calipers.
RESULTS
The metacarpus and metatarsus consisted of two large and two small bones. The large metacarpal and metatarsal bones consisted of fused III and IV. Except for the distal side in which the two bones diverge more from each other. The metacarpal bone is similar to the metatarsus, except that it is smaller in measurement majority. The small Mc-Mt II and Mc-Mt V were smaller and present on the palmo-lateral or planto-lateral aspect of the large bones, respectively. The length of the metacarpus and metatarsus is almost equal nearly in camels unlike the rest of the animals as well as the metacarpus bone was unlike the metatarsus in form and measurements generally.
CONCLUSION
The large metacarpus and metatarsus bones are distinguished by the fusion of the third and fourth bones along the length of the bone. Except for the distal side in which the two bones diverge more from each other like the rest of the animals. The morphologically characterized majority of the metacarpal bone was similar to the metatarsus, except that it was proximal extremity, cross-section, and measurement.
Topics: Male; Female; Animals; Metatarsal Bones; Metacarpal Bones; Camelus; Metatarsus; Metacarpus
PubMed: 36589408
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i5.9 -
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za... Apr 2020The anatomical calcaneal external fixator was designed by measuring and calculating the morphological data of the heel.
OBJECTIVE
The anatomical calcaneal external fixator was designed by measuring and calculating the morphological data of the heel.
METHODS
A total of 100 normal people were randomly selected to obtain 200 hind foot data, including 45 males and 55 females, with an average age of 43.9 years (range, 19-67 years). According to the principles of human engineering and local anatomy, the morphological data of the heel in the weight-bearing standing position and supine position were measured with the direct measurement mode. The heel length, heel width, heel height, medial ankle height, lateral ankle height, and calcaneal pitch angle (CPA) were measured by vernier calipers and ulnar markers in weight-bearing standing position, and the gender groups and left and right foot groups were compared; the shape of the hind foot in the supine position was measured by three-dimensional (3D) dot matrix inverse model method. According to the stereoscopic data of the comprehensive anatomical morphology of the heel, the anatomical calcaneal external fixator was designed with AutoCAD 2019 and other 3D industrial design softwares.
RESULTS
The measurements of shoe size, heel length, heel width, heel height, medial ankle height, lateral ankle height, and CPA in male were significantly higher than those in female ( <0.05). There was no significant difference between the left and right feet in the other indexes except that the height of the medial malleolus of the left foot was significantly lower than that of the right foot ( =-2.827, =0.005). The measurement of 3D dot matrix inverse model in supine position showed that the heel part was non-circular arc edge, and many groups of arc edges fluctuate in a limited range. Based on the above data, an anatomical calcaneal external fixator was designed, which could fit the anatomic radian in theory, so as to be flexible in configuration. On this basis, the ordinary configuration, compression configuration, and orthodontic configuration were designed to meet the treatment needs of calcaneal fractures in different degrees. The ordinary configuration was suitable for patients with Sanders Ⅰ, ⅡA, and ⅡB calcaneal fractures with no or slight displacement of intra-articular fractures; the ordinary configuration was mainly used for simple fixing. The compression configuration was suitable for patients with Sanders ⅡC, ⅢA, and ⅢB, tongue fractures, and avulsion fractures with severe displacement of intra-articular fractures; the compression configuration used obliquely drawn console wires to fix the displaced bones. The orthodontic configuration was suitable for patients with Sanders ⅢC and Ⅳ calcaneal fractures with severe displacement of intra-articular fractures or severe calcaneal bone defects; the orthodontic configuration was a multi-module design, which took into account the stable fixation of the fracture and the arbitrary adjustment of the joint fixation angle.
CONCLUSION
The hind foot is special for morphology, so the external fixator designed based on the vernier caliper measurement method and 3D dot matrix measuring plate measurement method is an anatomical type and its configuration can theoretically meet stable and flexible clinical needs.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Calcaneus; Equipment Design; External Fixators; Female; Fractures, Bone; Heel; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 32291984
DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201908149 -
Current Health Sciences Journal 2021Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder. It is a multi-factorial disease, of which excess androgen and android fat pattern is previously...
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder. It is a multi-factorial disease, of which excess androgen and android fat pattern is previously reported. The digit ratio (2D:4D) is the ratio of length of index finger to the length of ring finger which epitomize the prenatal gonadal hormone exposure. So, the present study aimed to evaluate body fat composition and digit ratio among young adolescent PCOS patients and normal individuals. It was an analytical cross-sectional study. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 48 subjects (24 in each group), that is, control and PCOS group were identified and baseline characteristics were recorded. Body fat composition was evaluated using body fat analyzer and digit ratio (2D:4D) was measured using the digital Vernier calipers. Student's t-test was used to assess differences between means. In the present study, BMI was significantly increased among the PCOS group compared to the normal (p=0.03). The 2D:4D digit ratio was significantly lower (p=0.001) among the PCOS group. Body fat (p=0.05) and visceral fat (p=0.01) were significantly higher among the PCOS group. There was negative correlation between BMI, body fat, visceral fat and digit ratio, but was not statistically significant while body fat, visceral fat and BMI showed significant positive correlation. The present study indicates that the 2D:4D digit ratio is decreased, while BMI, body fat and visceral fat are significantly increased among the PCOS group. Digit ratio and body fat can be used to evaluate the high risk PCOS adolescents and plan early interventions.
PubMed: 35003777
DOI: 10.12865/CHSJ.47.03.15