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International Journal of Clinical... 2021The purpose of this research was to analyze the role of chitosan in the remineralization of enamel and dentin. (Review)
Review
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this research was to analyze the role of chitosan in the remineralization of enamel and dentin.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic search was done for articles published from January 2009 to January 2020. A manual search was done from bibliographies of selected articles for relevant articles that were unexplored. Only studies conducted on the application of chitosan for remineralization of enamel and dentin were included in the study.
RESULTS
Of the 162 articles that were searched, only 15 studies were selected for the study. These studies met the inclusion criteria and were published from January 2009 to January 2020.
CONCLUSION
The review provides insight into the mechanism of remineralization of enamel and dentin. The properties of chitosan make it an ideal biomaterial that can be employed in the formulation of a novel remineralizing gel. However, more studies, clinical trials, and research are essential to transform chitosan-based remineralizing gels from research to clinical use.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
This review article opens a new window of opportunities for remineralizing enamel and dentin which have been long considered a challenging job.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Nimbeni SB, Nimbeni BS, Divakar DD. Role of Chitosan in Remineralization of Enamel and Dentin: A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(4):562-568.
PubMed: 34824515
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1971 -
JDR Clinical and Translational Research Apr 2023Estimating the risk of dental problems in long-duration space missions to the Moon and Mars is critical for avoiding dental emergencies in an environment that does not... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Estimating the risk of dental problems in long-duration space missions to the Moon and Mars is critical for avoiding dental emergencies in an environment that does not support proper treatment. Previous risk estimates were constructed based on the experience in short-duration space missions and isolated environments on Earth. However, previous estimates did not account for potential changes in dental structures due to space travel, even though bone loss is a known problem for long-duration spaceflights. The objective of this study was to systematically analyze the changes in hard tissues of the craniofacial complex during spaceflights.
METHODS
Comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, Scopus, the NASA Technical Report Server, and other sources identified 1,585 potentially relevant studies. After screening, 32 articles that presented quantitative data for skull in humans (6/32) and for calvariae, mandible, and lower incisors in rats (20/32) and mice (6/32) were selected.
RESULTS
Skull bone mineral density showed a significant increase in spacefaring humans. In spacefaring rodents, calvariae bone volume to tissue volume (BV/TV) demonstrated a trend toward increasing that did not reach statistical significance, while in mandibles, there was a significant decrease in BV/TV. Dentin thickness and incisor volume of rodent incisors were not significantly different between spaceflight and ground controls.
DISCUSSION
Our study demonstrates significant knowledge gaps regarding many structures of the craniofacial complex such as the maxilla, molar, premolar, and canine teeth, as well as small sample sizes for the studies of mandible and incisors. Understanding the effects of microgravity on craniofacial structures is important for estimating risks during long-duration spaceflight and for formulating proper protocols to prevent dental emergencies.
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT
Avoiding dental emergencies in long-duration spaceflights is critical since this environment does not support proper treatment. Prior risk estimates did not account for changes in dental structures due to space travel. We reviewed and synthesized the literature for changes in craniofacial complex associated with spaceflight. The results of our study will help clinicians and scientists to better prepare to mitigate potential oral health issues in space travelers on long-duration missions.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Rats; Animals; Emergencies; Space Flight; Head; Skull; Incisor
PubMed: 35311413
DOI: 10.1177/23800844221084985 -
Journal of Oral Biology and... 2020Entertainment-education an emerging new concept has garnered light from many educators and researchers. The study expounds on incorporation of edutainment in dental... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Entertainment-education an emerging new concept has garnered light from many educators and researchers. The study expounds on incorporation of edutainment in dental curriculum, using animations, and games. The review is an expositor of the designs of educational tools devised, the advantages, limitations and students perception towards the unconventional pedagogy technique.
METHOD
The database of sciencedirect, pubmed and google scholar was pursued for publications on games, animations and mime used in dental curriculum up to May 10, 2020.
RESULTS
The electronic and manual search showcased 73 titles with 39 full-texts, out of which 9 were clinical trials and are discussed in this review. Edutainment tools comprising of games (n = 5), animations (n = 3) and mime (n = 1) were utilized to explain the topics of nervous system, action potentials, dentin bonding, blood grouping, cranial nerves, drug interaction, periodontal health education, and cardiac cycle.
CONCLUSION
The edutainment though a recent expedition, is highly promising when reinforced with classroom lectures. It is associated with improved understanding, enhanced student engagement and better test scores. The ease of availability, accessibility of such tools providing fun and amusement, is positively intercepted by the students and has an optimistic impact on teaching dental subjects.
PubMed: 32775185
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.07.016 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Nov 2021This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of commonly used caries detection methods for proximal caries... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of commonly used caries detection methods for proximal caries diagnostics. Visual examination (VE), bitewing radiography (BWR), laser fluorescence (LF), and fibre-optic transillumination (FOTI) were considered in detail.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
PRISMA guidelines for the reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses were applied. The mnemonic PIRDS (problem, index test, reference test, diagnostic and study type) concept was used to guide the literature search. Next, studies that met the inclusion criteria were stepwise selected and evaluated for their quality with a risk of bias (RoB) assessment tool. Studies with low/moderate bias and sufficient reporting were considered for meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were calculated.
RESULTS
From 129 studies meeting the selection criteria, 31 in vitro studies and five clinical studies were finally included in the meta-analysis. The AUC values for in vitro VE amounted to 0.84 (caries detection) and 0.85 (dentin caries detection). BWR ranged in vitro from 0.55 to 0.82 (caries detection) and 0.81-0.92 (dentin caries detection). LF showed higher AUC values for overall caries detection (0.91) and dentin caries detection (0.83) than did other methods. Clinical data are limited.
CONCLUSION
The number of diagnostic studies with low/moderate RoB was found to be low and indicates a need for high-quality, well-designed caries diagnostic studies.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
BWR and LF showed good diagnostic performance on proximal surfaces. However, because of the low number of includable clinical studies, these data should be interpreted with caution.
Topics: Dental Caries Susceptibility; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Transillumination
PubMed: 34480645
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04113-1 -
Biomolecules Feb 2022The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the application of potential therapeutic signaling molecules on complete dentin-pulp complex and pulp tissue... (Review)
Review
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the application of potential therapeutic signaling molecules on complete dentin-pulp complex and pulp tissue regeneration in orthotopic and ectopic animal studies. A search strategy was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement in the MEDLINE/PubMed database. Animal studies evaluating the application of signaling molecules to pulpectomized teeth for pulp tissue or dentin-pulp complex regeneration were included. From 2530 identified records, 18 fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were subjected to detailed qualitative analysis. Among the applied molecules, basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, bone morphogenetic factor-7, nerve growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor were the most frequently studied. The clinical, radiographical and histological outcome measures included healing of periapical lesions, root development, and apical closure, cellular recolonization of the pulp space, ingrowth of pulp-like connective tissue (vascularization and innervation), mineralized dentin-like tissue formation along the internal dentin walls, and odontoblast-like cells in contact with the internal dentin walls. The results indicate that signaling molecules play an important role in dentin/pulp regeneration. However, further studies are needed to determine a more specific subset combination of molecules to achieve greater efficiency towards the desired tissue engineering applications.
Topics: Animals; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Regeneration; Tissue Engineering; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 35204786
DOI: 10.3390/biom12020285 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Aug 2021This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of commonly used methods for occlusal caries diagnostics, such as visual examination... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of commonly used methods for occlusal caries diagnostics, such as visual examination (VE), bitewing radiography (BW) and laser fluorescence (LF), in relation to their ability to detect (dentin) caries under clinical and laboratory conditions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search of the literature was performed to identify studies meeting the inclusion criteria using the PIRDS concept (N = 1090). A risk of bias (RoB) assessment tool was used for quality evaluation. Reports with low/moderate RoB, well-matching thresholds for index and reference tests and appropriate reporting were included in the meta-analysis (N = 37; 29 in vivo/8 in vitro). The pooled sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and areas under ROC curves (AUCs) were computed.
RESULTS
SP ranged from 0.50 (fibre-optic transillumination/caries detection level) to 0.97 (conventional BW/dentine detection level) in vitro. AUCs were typically higher for BW or LF than for VE. The highest AUC of 0.89 was observed for VE at the 1/3 dentin caries detection level; SE (0.70) was registered to be higher than SP (0.47) for VE at the caries detection level in vivo.
CONCLUSION
The number of included studies was found to be low. This underlines the need for high-quality caries diagnostic studies that further provide data in relation to multiple caries thresholds.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
VE, BW and LF provide acceptable measures for their diagnostic performance on occlusal surfaces, but the results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited data in many categories.
Topics: Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Fluorescence; Humans; Radiography, Bitewing; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Transillumination
PubMed: 34128130
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04024-1 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2022To systematically review studies that evaluated the effects of plant extracts on dentin bonding strength. Six electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, VIP, CNKI, Wanfang... (Review)
Review
To systematically review studies that evaluated the effects of plant extracts on dentin bonding strength. Six electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, VIP, CNKI, Wanfang and The Cochrane Library) were searched from inception to September 2021 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA). studies that compared the performance of dental adhesives with and without the plant extracts participation were included. The reference lists of the included studies were manually searched. Two researchers carried out study screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment, independently and in duplicate. Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3. A total of 62 studies were selected for full-text analysis. 25 articles used the plant extracts as primers, while five added the plant extracts into adhesives. The meta-analysis included 14 articles of studies investigating the effects of different plant extract primers on dentin bonding strength of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives, respectively. The global analysis showed statistically significant difference between dental adhesives with and without plant extract primers. It showed that the immediate bond strength of dental adhesives was improved with the application of plant extract primers. The application of proanthocyanidin (PA) primers have positive effect on the immediate bonding strength of dental adhesives irrespective of etch-and-rinse or self-etch modes.
PubMed: 35284411
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.836042 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022The regenerative endodontic procedure (REP) represents a treatment option for immature necrotic teeth with a periapical lesion. Currently, this therapy has a wide field... (Review)
Review
The regenerative endodontic procedure (REP) represents a treatment option for immature necrotic teeth with a periapical lesion. Currently, this therapy has a wide field of pre-clinical and clinical applications, but no standardization exists regarding successful criteria. Thus, by analysis of animal and human studies, the aim of this systematic review was to highlight the main characteristics of the tissue generated by REP. A customized search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to January 2022 was conducted. Seventy-five human and forty-nine animal studies were selected. In humans, the evaluation criteria were clinical 2D and 3D radiographic examinations. Most of the studies identified a successful REP with an asymptomatic tooth, apical lesion healing, and increased root thickness and length. In animals, histological and radiological criteria were considered. Newly formed tissues in the canals were fibrous, cementum, or bone-like tissues along the dentine walls depending on the area of the root. REP assured tooth development and viability. However, further studies are needed to identify procedures to successfully reproduce the physiological structure and function of the dentin-pulp complex.
Topics: Animals; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Humans; Periapical Tissue; Regenerative Endodontics
PubMed: 36142446
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810534 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... May 2020The primordial odontogenic tumor (POT) is a recently described benign entity with histopathological and immunohistochemical features suggesting its origin during early...
BACKGROUND
The primordial odontogenic tumor (POT) is a recently described benign entity with histopathological and immunohistochemical features suggesting its origin during early odontogenesis.
AIM
To integrate the available data published on POT into a comprehensive analysis to better define its clinicopathological and molecular features.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
An electronic systematic review was performed up to September 2019 in multiple databases.
RESULTS
A total of 13 publications were included, representing 16 reported cases and 3 molecular studies. The mean age of the affected patients was 11.6 years (range 2-19), with a slight predominance in males (56.25%). The posterior mandible was the main location (87.5%), with only two cases affecting the posterior maxilla. All cases appeared as a radiolucent lesion in close relationship to an unerupted tooth. Recurrences have not been reported to date. Microscopically, POT comprises fibromyxoid tissue with variable cellularity surrounded by a cuboidal to columnar odontogenic epithelium but without unequivocal dental hard tissue formation. A delicate fibrous capsule surrounds (at least partially) the tumor. The epithelial component shows immunohistochemical positivity for amelogenin, CK19, and CK14, and variable expression of Glut-1, Galectin-3 and Caveolin-1, Vimentin, p-53, PITX2, Bcl-2, Bax and Survivin; the mesenchymal tissue is positive for Vimentin, CD90, p-53, PITX2, Bcl-2, Bax, and Survivin, and the subepithelial region exhibits the strong expression of Syndecan-1 and CD34. The Ki-67 index is low (<5%). The negative or weak expression of dentinogenesis-associated genes could explain the inhibition of dentin and subsequent enamel formation in this neoplasm.
CONCLUSION
POT is an entity with a well-defined clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular profile that must be properly diagnosed and differentiated from other odontogenic lesions and treated consequently.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Epithelium; Humans; Male; Mandible; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Odontogenesis; Odontogenic Tumors; Young Adult
PubMed: 32040459
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23432 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Dec 2021To investigate the treatment efficacy of low-level light therapy on dentin hypersensitivity. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the treatment efficacy of low-level light therapy on dentin hypersensitivity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Following the PRISMA guideline, six electronic databases supplemented with bibliographies were searched till December 2020. Two reviewers performed the screenings independently with a reliability assessment. Studies fulfilling the pre-registered eligibility criteria were included for risk-of-bias assessment and data synthesis.
RESULTS
Thirty-five articles ultimately informed this systematic review based on the eligibility criteria and underwent risk-of-bias assessment (ĸ = 0.86). Quantitative results were deduced by meta-analysis of 20 randomised controlled trials: LLLT showed favourable outcomes compared to placebos for immediate (SMD: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.47 to 1.70), interim (SMD: 1.32, 95% CI: 0.41 to 2.23), and persistent efficacies (SMD: 2.86, 95% CI: 1.98 to 3.74). However, substantial heterogeneity existed among included studies (I: 64-95%). Regarding comparisons with other desensitising strategies, LLLT showed no significant benefits in DH alleviation over others except fluorides for interim efficacy (SMD: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.52) and persistent efficacy (SMD: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.86).
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review shows that LLLT has positive immediate, interim, and persistent DH-treatment efficacies compared with placebo. No superior treatment effects of LLLT were observed except fluoride agent use. Further studies are warranted-RCTs with low risk of bias, consistent technical settings, comprehensive assessments, and long follow-up periods.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This systematic review bridges a critical research gap by analysing clinical evidence in the DH-alleviating efficacy of LLLT in comparison with placebo and other in-office desensitising strategies.
Topics: Dentin Sensitivity; Fluorides; Humans; Low-Level Light Therapy; Reproducibility of Results; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34642786
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04183-1