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Laryngoscope Investigative... Aug 2023This study aimed to systematically review the associations between motor clinical phenotypes in Parkinson's disease (PD) and laryngeal disease symptoms. Laryngeal... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to systematically review the associations between motor clinical phenotypes in Parkinson's disease (PD) and laryngeal disease symptoms. Laryngeal dysfunctions such as dysphonia and dysphagia are ubiquitous in people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). Similar to other disease symptoms, they manifest variably across PwPD. Some of the variability within PD has been explained by clinical phenotypes. However, it is unclear how laryngeal symptoms of PD express themselves across these phenotypes.
METHODS
Five databases were searched (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus) in May 2022. After the removal of duplicates, all retrieved records were screened. Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies in English discussing laryngeal symptoms and clinical PD phenotypes were included. Data were extracted, tabulated, and assessed using Moola et al.'s (2021) appraisal tool for systematic reviews of risk and etiology.
RESULTS
The search retrieved 2370 records, representing 540 PwPD. After the removal of duplicates and screening, eight articles were included for review. The most common phenotype categories were tremor-dominant and postural-instability gait disordered (PIGD). Five studies addressed vocal characteristics, while four considered swallowing. Differences and lack of rigor in methodology across studies complicated conclusions, but a tendency for tremor-dominant phenotypes to present with less severe laryngeal symptoms was found.
CONCLUSION
Some minor differences in laryngeal function were found between tremor-dominant and PIGD phenotypes in PD. However, there is a need for more standardized and high-quality studies when comparing motor phenotypes for laryngeal function.
PubMed: 37621279
DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1112 -
International Journal of Bipolar... Dec 2023Bipolar disorder (BD) is often seen as a bridge between schizophrenia and depression in terms of symptomatology and etiology. Interestingly, hemispheric asymmetries as... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Bipolar disorder (BD) is often seen as a bridge between schizophrenia and depression in terms of symptomatology and etiology. Interestingly, hemispheric asymmetries as well as behavioral lateralization are shifted towards a tendency of left-side or mixed-side bias in schizophrenia whereas no shift is observed in subjects with depression. Given the role of BD with both, (hypo)manic and depressive episodes, investigating hemispheric asymmetries in subjects with BD is an interesting objective.
METHOD
A systematic review of studies including measures of behavioral lateralization in the form of handedness, footedness, eyedness, and language lateralization was performed resulting in 25 suitable studies.
RESULTS
A broad variety of methods was used to assess behavioral lateralization, especially for eyedness, footedness, and language lateralization hindering the integration of results. Additionally, for hand preference, studies frequently used different cut-off scores and classification systems. Overall, studies do not support alteration in side preference in BD subjects. Studies focusing on differences in handedness demonstrate that subjects show equal rates of right- and non-right-handedness as the general population. Few studies focusing on manic episodes point towards increased left-side bias in ear and eye dominance, but the small sample sizes and conflicting results warrant further investigation.
CONCLUSION
The results reinforce that some disorders, such as BD, should not be treated as a homogenous group but sub-groups should be analyzed within the patient's population. Particularly, clinical implications resulting from neuroimaging studies highlight the need to study hemispheric asymmetries given that they may be important to consider for brain stimulation protocols.
PubMed: 38038825
DOI: 10.1186/s40345-023-00320-9 -
Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) Jun 2022As two academics researching in the area of maternal health, we are increasingly concerned with what we see as a positivist turn in midwifery research. In this paper, we...
As two academics researching in the area of maternal health, we are increasingly concerned with what we see as a positivist turn in midwifery research. In this paper, we examine this idea of the quantification of midwifery research, using as an example the current esteem given to the systematic literature review, and its creep into other methodologies. We argue that the current favor toward quantitative research and expertise in midwifery academia risks the future of midwifery research by the lack of equal development of qualitative experts, diluting qualitative research rigor within the profession, and limiting the kinds of questions asked. We identify the similarity between the current prominence of quantitative research and medical dominance in midwifery and maintain that it is of vital importance to the profession (research and practice) that the proper attention, contemplation, and merit are given to qualitative research methods.
Topics: Female; Humans; Midwifery; Pregnancy; Qualitative Research; Research Design
PubMed: 35285077
DOI: 10.1111/birt.12615 -
Nefrologia 2023The irreversible progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is delayed by tolvaptan. Therefore, we aim to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The irreversible progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is delayed by tolvaptan. Therefore, we aim to systematically estimate and evaluate the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan in the treatment of ADPKD.
METHODS
Two reviewers independently searched all published randomized controlled trials studies in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane databases, extracted data, assessed bias risk and rated the quality of evidence. Data were analyzed by the RevMan software.
RESULTS
We identified 8 trials including 2135 patients. Both of the decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [MD=1.89, 95% CI (0.74, 3.04), P=0.001] and total kidney volume (TKV) [MD=-3.32, 95% CI (-4.57, -2.07), P<0.001] were delayed in tolvaptan group compared with placebo group in ADPKD patients. The use of tolvaptan delayed TKV progression in the different-month subgroups [MD=-69.99, 95% CI (-91.05, -48.94), P<0.001]. Tolvaptan reduced renal pain [RR=0.66, 95% CI (0.54, 0.81), P<0.001] and hematuria events [RR=0.55, 95% CI (0.41, 0.74), P<0.001] in ADPKD patients. However, the prevalence of thirst [RR=2.75, 95% CI (2.34, 3.24), P<0.001] and nocturia events [RR=3.01, 95% CI (1.27, 7.11), P=0.01] were increased in tolvaptan group. There is no significant difference of hypertension events [RR=0.92, 95% CI (0.82, 1.03), P=0.13] in tolvaptan group compared placebo group.
CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis suggests that tolvaptan may improve clinical progression in patients with ADPKD without significantly increasing the risk of adverse reactions.
Topics: Humans; Tolvaptan; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant; Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; Benzazepines; Kidney
PubMed: 37150675
DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2023.04.002 -
Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and... 2020Reduced kidney function and distorted kidney anatomy in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) may complicate stone interventions more... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Reduced kidney function and distorted kidney anatomy in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) may complicate stone interventions more compared with the general population.
OBJECTIVES
To review studies describing the safety and efficacy of the 3 main stone interventions in adults with ADPKD: shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), ureteroscopy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).
DESIGN
Systematic review.
SETTING
Any country of origin.
PATIENTS
Adults with ADPKD who underwent SWL, ureteroscopy, or PCNL.
MEASUREMENTS
Being stone free after the intervention and postoperative complications as reported by each study, which included pain, bleeding, and fever.
METHODS
Relevant studies published until February 2019 were identified through a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, BIOSIS PREVIEW, and CINAHL. Studies were eligible for review if they reported at least one outcome following SWL, ureteroscopy, and/or PCNL in adults with ADPKD. We then abstracted information on study characteristics, patient characteristics, intervention details, and postintervention outcomes and assessed the methodological quality of each study using a modified Downs and Black checklist.
RESULTS
We screened 221 citations from which we identified 24 studies that met our review criteria. We identified an additional article when manually reviewing the reference list of an included article, yielding a total of 25 studies describing 311 patients (32 SWL, 42 ureteroscopy, and 237 PCNL). The percentage of patients who were stone free after 1 session ranged from 0% to 69% after SWL, 73% to 100% after ureteroscopy, and 45% to 100% after PCNL. The percentage of patients with ADPKD that experienced at least one postoperative complication ranged from 0% to 33% for SWL, 0% to 27% for ureteroscopy, and 0% to 100% for PCNL.
LIMITATIONS
The number and quality of studies published to date are limited.
CONCLUSIONS
The efficacy and safety of stone interventions in patients with ADPKD remains uncertain, with wide-ranging estimates reported in the literature.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
We did not register the protocol of this systematic review.
PubMed: 32754344
DOI: 10.1177/2054358120940433 -
The Canadian Journal of Infectious... 2021The world prevalence of community and hospital-acquired extended-spectrum lactamase (ESBL)-producing is increasing tremendously. Bacteria harboring ESBLs are currently... (Review)
Review
Genetic Determinants of Resistance among ESBL-Producing in Community and Hospital Settings in East, Central, and Southern Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence.
BACKGROUND
The world prevalence of community and hospital-acquired extended-spectrum lactamase (ESBL)-producing is increasing tremendously. Bacteria harboring ESBLs are currently the number one critical pathogens posing a major threat to human health.
OBJECTIVE
To provide a summary of molecular evidence on the prevalence of ESBL-producing (ESBL-E) and associated genes at community and hospital settings in East, Central, and Southern African countries.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar databases for the available molecular studies on ESBL-E in hospitals and community settings in East, Central, and Sothern Africa (ECSA). Published studies in English language involving gene characterization of ESBLs from human samples in hospital and community settings were included in the review, inception to November 2019. A random effect meta-analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence of ESBL-E.
RESULTS
A total of 27 studies involving molecular characterization of resistance genes from 20,225 ESBL-E isolates were included in the analysis. Seventy-four percent of all studies were hospital based, 15% were based in community settings, and others were done in both hospital and community settings. Of all the studies, 63% reported as the dominant isolate among ESBL-E recovered from clinical samples and was reported dominant isolates in 33% of all studies. A random pooled prevalence of ESBL-E was 38% (95% CI = 24-53%), highest in Congo, 92% (95% CI = 90-94%), and lowest in Zimbabwe, 14% (95% CI = 9-20%). Prevalence was higher in hospital settings 41% (95% CI = 23-58%) compared to community settings 34% (95% CI = 8-60%). ESBL genes detected from clinical isolates with ESBL-E phenotypes in ECSA were those of Ambler molecular class A [1] that belongs to both functional groups 2be and 2d of Bush and Jacob classification of 2010 [2]. Majority of studies ( = 22, 81.5%) reported predominance of CTX-M gene among isolates, particularly CTX-M-15. Predictors of ESBL-E included increased age, hospital admissions, previous use of antibiotics, and paramedical use of herbs.
CONCLUSION
Few studies have been conducted at a molecular level to understand the genetic basis of increased resistance among members of ESBL-E in ECSA. Limited molecular studies in the ECSA region leave a gap in estimating the burden and risk posed by the carriage of ESBL genes in these countries. We found a high prevalence of ESBL-E most carrying CTX-M enzyme in ECSA with a greater variation between countries. This could be an important call for combined (regional or global) efforts to combat the problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the region. Antibiotic use and hospital admission increased the carriage of ESBL-E, while poor people contributed little to the increase of AMR due to lack of access and failure to meet the cost of healthcare compared to high income individuals.
PubMed: 34122680
DOI: 10.1155/2021/5153237 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2021This paper systematically reviews and synthesizes the relevant literature on sedentary time research. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to evaluate the publications... (Review)
Review
This paper systematically reviews and synthesizes the relevant literature on sedentary time research. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to evaluate the publications from 2010 to 2020 in the Web of Science (WoS) core collection database. Derwent Data Analyzer software was used for the cleaning, mining, and visualization of the data. Historical trends of the topics, main contributors, leading countries, leading institutions, leading research areas, and journals were explored. A total of 3020 publications were studied. The United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia are the three most productive countries. The Australian institution Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute led the list of productive institutions, and Ekelund U published the most papers. Sedentary time raised the concerns of scholars from 106 research areas, and public health was the dominant field. Physical activity, accelerometer, children, and obesity were the most frequently used keywords. The findings suggest that sedentary time is rapidly emerging as a global issue that has detrimental effects on public health. The hotspots shifted in the past 10 years, and COVID-19 was the most popular topic of sedentary time research.
PubMed: 34442106
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9080969 -
International Journal of Emergency... Jul 2022Persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) often use hospital Emergency Department (ED) as the only source of healthcare. The aim of this study was to undertake a... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) often use hospital Emergency Department (ED) as the only source of healthcare. The aim of this study was to undertake a systematic review to identify the prevalence, clinical reasons and outcomes in relation to ED visits by PEH.
METHODS
A protocol-led (CRD42020189263) systematic review was conducted using search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Google Scholar databases. Studies that reported either the prevalence of homelessness in the ED or clinical reasons for presentation to ED by PEH and published in English language were included. Definitions of homelessness used by study authors were accepted.
RESULTS
From the screening of 1349 unique titles, a total of 36 studies were included. Wide variations in the prevalence and key cause of presentations were identified across the studies often linked to differences in country, study setting, disease classification and data collection methods. The proportion of ED visits contributed by PEH ranged from 0.41 to 19.6%. PEH made an average of 0.72 visits to 5.8 visits per person per year in the ED [rate ratio compared to non-homeless 1.63 to 18.75]. Up to a third and quarter of the visits were contributed by alcohol-related diagnoses and substance poisoning respectively. The percentage of PEH who died in the ED ranged from 0.1 to 0.5%.
CONCLUSIONS
Drug-, alcohol- and injury-related presentations dominate the ED visits by PEH. Wide variations in the data were observed in regard to attendance and treatment outcomes. There is a need for prevention actions in the community, integrated discharge and referral pathways between health, housing and social care to minimise frequent usage and improve attendance outcomes.
PubMed: 35902803
DOI: 10.1186/s12245-022-00435-3 -
Mutation Research. Reviews in Mutation... 2022Carbon black exposure causes oxidative stress, inflammation and genotoxicity. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the contributions of primary (i.e.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Carbon black exposure causes oxidative stress, inflammation and genotoxicity. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the contributions of primary (i.e. direct formation of DNA damage) and secondary genotoxicity (i.e., DNA lesions produced indirectly by inflammation) to the overall level of DNA damage by carbon black. The database is dominated by studies that have measured DNA damage by the comet assay. Cell culture studies indicate a genotoxic action of carbon black, which might be mediated by oxidative stress. Many in vivo studies originate from one laboratory that has investigated the genotoxic effects of Printex 90 in mice by intra-tracheal instillation. Meta-analysis and pooled analysis of these results demonstrate that Printex 90 exposure is associated with a slightly increased level of DNA strand breaks in bronchoalveolar lavage cells and lung tissue. Other types of genotoxic damage have not been investigated as thoroughly as DNA strand breaks, although there is evidence to suggest that carbon black exposure might increase the mutation frequency and cytogenetic endpoints. Stratification of studies according to concurrent inflammation and DNA damage does not indicate that carbon black exposure gives rise to secondary genotoxicity. Even substantial pulmonary inflammation is at best only associated with a weak genotoxic response in lung tissue. In conclusion, the review indicates that nanosized carbon black is a weak genotoxic agent and this effect is more likely to originate from a primary genotoxic mechanism of action, mediated by e.g., oxidative stress, than inflammation-driven (secondary) genotoxicity.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Soot; Comet Assay; DNA Damage; Nanoparticles; Inflammation; Mammals
PubMed: 36007825
DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2022.108441 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Preterm birth (PTB) is a typical inflammatory disease with unclear pathogenesis. The studies investigating the relationship between anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Preterm birth (PTB) is a typical inflammatory disease with unclear pathogenesis. The studies investigating the relationship between anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10 gene polymorphisms and PTB produced conflicting results. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the effects of IL-4 and IL-10 gene polymorphisms and clarify their possible association with PTB.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane library (up to 02 April 2022). The MeSH terms, related entry terms, and other names in "Gene" database were used to find relevant articles. A fixed- or random-effects model was used to calculate the significance of IL-4 and IL-10 gene polymorphisms, depending on study heterogeneity. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in the allele, recessive, dominant, co-dominant, and over-dominant models. The Eggers publication bias plot was used to graphically represent the publication bias.
RESULTS
Polymorphisms in two interleukins (IL-4-590C/T (rs2243250) = 5 and IL-10-592A/C (rs1800872), -819T/C (rs1800871) and -1082A/G (rs1800896) = 16) were found in 21 articles. Overall, only the over-dominant gene model AA + GG . AG revealed significant association between IL-10-1082A/G (rs1800896) and PTB (OR [95% CI] = 0.87 [0.76, 0.99], = 0.04). However, in the allele model, recessive model, dominant model, co-dominant model, and over-dominant model, the polymorphisms for IL-4-590C/T (rs2243250), IL-10-592A/C (rs1800872), and IL-10-819T/C (rs1800871) were not found to be associated with the risk of PTB. In gene models, no statistically significant association was found between IL-4-590C/T (rs2243250), IL-10-592A/C (rs1800872), IL-10-819T/C (rs1800871), and IL-10-1082A/G (rs1800896) polymorphisms and PTB in subgroup analyses by racial or control group Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) -value. Eggers's publication bias plot and heterogeneity test (I<50%, = 0.05) of IL-10-1082A/G (rs1800896) suggested that the funnel asymmetry could be due to publication bias rather than heterogeneity.
CONCLUSION
The current study suggests that the over-dominant gene model AA + GG . AG of IL-10-1082A/G (rs1800896) polymorphism may be associated with genetic susceptibility to PTB and may have a protective function against PTB risk. There was unclear association found between IL-4-590C/T (rs2243250), IL-10-592A/C (rs1800872) and IL-10-819T/C (rs1800871) polymorphisms and PTB. Due to the limitations of included studies and the risk of publication bias, additional research is required to confirm our findings.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-4-0044, identifier INPLASY202240044.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-4; Polymorphism, Genetic; Premature Birth
PubMed: 35860261
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.917383