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Multiple Sclerosis Journal -... 2023Sleep disturbance is common in people with multiple sclerosis and may worsen fatigue; however, the assessment of sleep-fatigue relationships varies across studies. To... (Review)
Review
Sleep disturbance is common in people with multiple sclerosis and may worsen fatigue; however, the assessment of sleep-fatigue relationships varies across studies. To better understand sleep-fatigue relationships in this population, we conducted a systematic review and random effects meta-analyses for the associations between fatigue and 10 sleep variables: Sleep-disordered breathing, daytime sleepiness, sleep quality, insomnia, restless legs, number of awakenings, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, sleep duration, and wake after sleep onset. Of the 1062 studies screened, 46 met inclusion criteria and provided sufficient data for calculating Hedges' g. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Sample characteristics did not differ between the 10 analyses. Results indicated that sleep quality and insomnia (assessed via self-report or diagnostic criteria) were strongly associated with fatigue (all s ≥ 0.80 and all < .001). In contrast, the number of awakenings and sleep duration (assessed objectively) were not significantly associated with fatigue. Remaining sleep variables yielded moderate, significant effects. Most effects did not vary based on study quality or sample demographics. Results highlight that insomnia and perceptions of poor sleep have a stronger link than objective sleep duration to fatigue in multiple sclerosis and may represent a more effective target for intervention.
PubMed: 37641617
DOI: 10.1177/20552173231194352 -
Journal of Anxiety Disorders Mar 2021This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the association between social anxiety and affective (AE) and cognitive empathy (CE). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the association between social anxiety and affective (AE) and cognitive empathy (CE).
METHODS
1442 studies from PsycINFO, Medline, and EMBASE (inception-January 2020) were systematically reviewed. Included studies (N = 48) either predicted variance in empathy using social anxiety scores or compared empathy scores between socially anxious individuals and a control group.
RESULTS
Social anxiety and AE were statistically significantly positively associated, k = 14, r = .103 (95%CI [.003, .203]), z = 2.03, p = .043. Sex (Q (2) = 18.79, p < .0001), and type of measures (Q (1 = 7.34, p = .007) moderated the association. Correlations were significant for male samples (r = .316, (95%CI [.200, .432])) and studies using self-report measures (r = .162 (95%CI [.070, .254])). Overall, social anxiety and CE were not significantly associated, k = 52, r =-.021 (95%CI [-.075, .034]), z= -0.74, p = .459. Sample type moderated the association (Q (1) = 5.03, p < .0001). For clinical samples the association was negative (r= -.112, (95%CI [-.201, -.017]).
CONCLUSION
There was evidence for a positive association between social anxiety and AE, but future studies are needed to verify the moderating roles of sex and type of measure. Besides, low CE might only hold for patients with SAD.
Topics: Anxiety; Empathy; Fear; Humans; Male; Self Report
PubMed: 33588287
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102357 -
Journal of the American Board of Family... 2022There is considerable interest in the association between food insecurity (FIS) and various cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia. Although the association... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
There is considerable interest in the association between food insecurity (FIS) and various cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia. Although the association between FIS and dyslipidemia has been studied across various methodologies and populations, there is no comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of these data.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted. Cross-sectional peer-review studies assessing the association between FIS and dyslipidemia were identified. Data extracted included population characteristics, study sizes, covariates explored, and laboratory assessments of dyslipidemia. Effect sizes were extracted or calculated, then synthesized across studies using a random effect model, and the heterogeneity, publication bias, and subgroup dependence for each meta-analysis were assessed.
RESULTS
For adults, meta-analysis demonstrated no significantly elevated odds for FIS individuals to have a concomitant abnormal lipid measurement. Covariate-unadjusted analysis of standardized mean differences showed no significant differences in lipid measurements between food-insecure and food-secure individuals. In contrast to quantitative laboratory results, food-insecure patients were more likely to self-report previous diagnoses of dyslipidemia.
CONCLUSIONS
Although current data do not suggest an association between FIS and dyslipidemia, more longitudinal studies and studies targeting women, children, the elderly, and patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes are needed to further address this issue.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Dyslipidemias; Female; Food Insecurity; Humans; Lipids
PubMed: 35896471
DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.04.210413 -
Substance Use & Misuse 2022ContextBiospecimen analysis may enhance confidence in the accuracy of self-reported substance use among adolescents and transitional age youth (TAY). Associations...
ContextBiospecimen analysis may enhance confidence in the accuracy of self-reported substance use among adolescents and transitional age youth (TAY). Associations between biospecimen types and self-reported use, however, are poorly characterized in the existing literature. We performed a systematic review of associations between biospecimen-confirmed and self-reported substance use. Data sources: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. We included studies documenting associations between self-reported and biospecimen-confirmed substance use among adolescents (12-18 years) and TAY (19-26 years) published 1990-2020. Three authors extracted relevant data using a template and assessed bias risk using a modified JBI Critical Appraisal Tool. We screened 1523 titles and abstracts, evaluated 73 full texts for eligibility, and included 28 studies. Most studies examined urine (71.4%) and hair (32.1%) samples. Self-report retrospective recall period varied from past 24 h to lifetime use. Agreement between self-report and biospecimen results were low to moderate and were higher with rapidly metabolized substances (e.g., amphetamines) and when shorter retrospective recall periods were applied. Frequently encountered sources of potential bias included use of non-validated self-report measures and failure to account for confounding factors in the association between self-reported and biospecimen-confirmed use. Study heterogeneity prevented a quantitative meta-analysis. Studies varied in retrospective recall periods, biospecimen processing, and use of validated self-report measures. Associations between self-reported and biospecimen-confirmed substance use are low to moderate and are higher for shorter recall periods and for substances with rapid metabolism. Future studies should employ validated self-report measures and include demographically diverse samples.
Topics: Adolescent; Bias; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Self Report; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 35006043
DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.2019783 -
Autism Research : Official Journal of... Jan 2023Interest in social camouflaging has led to a multiplicity of measurement methods of uncertain validity. This two-part investigation first used a systematic review... (Review)
Review
Interest in social camouflaging has led to a multiplicity of measurement methods of uncertain validity. This two-part investigation first used a systematic review ("Study 1") to identify and appraise methods used to quantify camouflaging of autistic traits, using the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Status Measurement Instruments checklist. A total of 16 distinct measurement tools were identified; all are in the preliminary phases of psychometric evaluation. The systematic review highlighted: (1) the need for parent-report tools which specifically measure camouflaging; and (2) a lack of studies looking at associations between different methods of camouflaging, which limits understanding of their validity. "Study 2" aimed to begin to address these gaps in knowledge. We created a parent-report version of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) and evaluated its concurrent validity in autistic young people by examining associations with the self-report CAT-Q and a discrepancy measure. Discriminant validity was investigated by comparing all three methods of measuring camouflaging to a measure of social skills, to test whether they assess a construct distinct from social ability. The self- and parent-report CAT-Q were significantly related (r = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.24-0.65), and were related weakly (r = 0.20, 95% CI = -0.06 to 0.43) and strongly (r = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.23-0.64), respectively, to the discrepancy approach. No measure was associated with social skills. Improving the psychometric properties of these methods, and introducing a novel parent-report measure, may help selection of appropriate methods in future research and integration into clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Autistic Disorder; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Surveys and Questionnaires; Self Report; Social Skills
PubMed: 36424824
DOI: 10.1002/aur.2850 -
Value in Health : the Journal of the... Oct 2022This study aimed to identify and summarize published guidance and recommendations for child self- and proxy assessment of existing child-specific instruments of... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to identify and summarize published guidance and recommendations for child self- and proxy assessment of existing child-specific instruments of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) that are accompanied by utilities.
METHODS
A total of 9 databases plus websites of (1) health technology assessment and health economics outcomes research organizations and (2) instrument developers were systematically searched. Studies were included if they reported guidance for child self- and proxy assessment for child populations (0-18 years old). Three reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text reviews against the inclusion criteria. Key features of the guidance identified were summarized.
RESULTS
A total of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. In general, journal articles provided little guidance on child self- and proxy assessment, with the majority focused on instrument development and psychometric performance more broadly. Instrument developers' websites provided more guidance for child self- and proxy reports with specific guidance found for the EQ-5D-Y and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. This guidance included the minimum age for self-report and mode of administration; recommended proxy types, age range of child for whom proxy report can be completed, and target population; and recall period. Websites of leading organizations provided general guidance on HRQoL evaluation in children but lacked specific guidance about self- and proxy completion.
CONCLUSIONS
EQ-5D-Y and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory developers' websites provided the most comprehensive guidance for self-report and proxy report of their respective instruments. More evidence is required for developing best practice guidance on why, when, and how to use self- and proxy reports in assessing HRQoL in child populations.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Parents; Proxy; Psychometrics; Quality of Life; Self Report; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35667950
DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2022.04.1723 -
Sports Medicine - Open Jan 2021Netball is estimated to be played by more than 20 million people worldwide, but there is evidence of high injury incidence. A thorough understanding of the types and...
BACKGROUND
Netball is estimated to be played by more than 20 million people worldwide, but there is evidence of high injury incidence. A thorough understanding of the types and rates of netball injuries is essential for effective injury management and prevention strategies to be developed and implemented. This systematic review summarises the published findings with respect to injury types, participant characteristics and any identified risk factors for netball injuries.
METHODS
A librarian-assisted computer search of seven scientific databases was conducted for studies reporting on netball injuries. Inclusion criteria were studies published in English, in peer-reviewed journals, which reported data on injuries and variables (e.g. age and competition level) that have been proposed as possibly associated with netball injury risk.
RESULTS
Forty-six studies (43.5% prospective, 37% hospital/insurance records, 19.5% retrospective) from 45 articles were included after screening. The majority of studies (74%) were conducted in Australia or New Zealand. There was little consistency in the definition of 'injury'. Elite or sub-elite level players were included in 69% of studies where the level of competition was reported. The duration of injury surveillance was generally related to the format of competition from which data were collected. Self-report questionnaires were used in 48% of studies and only 26% of studies used qualified health professionals to collect data courtside. Injuries to the ankle and knee were the most common (in 19 studies) although the incidence varied considerably across the studies (ankle 13-84% and knee 8-50% of injuries). Prevention of ankle and knee injuries should be a priority. Children sustained more upper limb injuries (e.g. fractures) compared with adults who sustained more lower limb injuries (e.g. ankle and knee sprains/strains). A large number of potential risk factors for injury in netball have been investigated in small numbers of studies. The main circumstances of injury are landings, collisions and falls.
CONCLUSION
Further studies should be directed towards recreational netball, reporting on injury incidence in players by age and utilising high-quality, standardised methods and criteria. Specific injury diagnosis and a better understanding of the circumstances and mechanisms of injury would provide more meaningful data for developing prevention strategies.
PubMed: 33409965
DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00290-7 -
PloS One 2022Oral health is a key factor of overall health and closely associated with well-being and quality of life. Mastication is one the most important oral functions and may... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Oral health is a key factor of overall health and closely associated with well-being and quality of life. Mastication is one the most important oral functions and may deteriorate with aging. Evidence on association between masticatory dysfunction and frailty in the literature is scarce and not coherent.
METHODS
A search strategy was developed to conduct a systematic review of the literature in PubMed, CINAHL, and AMED in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We searched for studies published in 2000 or later that examined associations between self-reported masticatory dysfunction and frailty risk. The reference lists of the relevant articles were reviewed for additional studies. We calculated pooled odds ratios (OR) of association between self-reported masticatory dysfunction and the risk of frailty by fixed-effects meta-analysis. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess risk of bias. Publication bias was assessed by visually inspecting a funnel plot.
RESULTS
A total of 285 studies were identified by the literature search. Among 5 studies selected for this review, 4 cross-sectional studies including a total of 7425 individuals were used for meta-analysis. The pooled results by a fixed-effects model showed that there was a significant association between self-reported masticatory dysfunction and frailty risk (pooled OR = 1.83, 95%CI = 1.55-2.18, p<0.00001). There was no evidence of publication bias observed.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review and meta-analysis highlighted pooled cross-sectional evidence that community-dwelling older people who report masticatory dysfunction are significantly more likely to be frail than those who do not. The limitations of this study are: inclusion of only cross-sectional studies, no gold standard to measure masticatory functions, self-reported information on masticatory function, and the limited number of included studies. More longitudinal studies are warranted for further understanding of the causal pathways and elucidate underlying mechanisms. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42021277173.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Frail Elderly; Frailty; Humans; Quality of Life; Self Report
PubMed: 36084116
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273812 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2021Anxiety has been identified as one of the most severe and long-lasting symptoms experienced by hospitalized children with cancer. Self-reports are especially important... (Review)
Review
Anxiety has been identified as one of the most severe and long-lasting symptoms experienced by hospitalized children with cancer. Self-reports are especially important for documenting emotional and abstract concepts, such as anxiety. Children may not always be able to communicate their symptoms due to language difficulties, a lack of developmental language skills, or the severity of their illness. Instruments with sufficient psychometric quality and pictorial support may address this communication challenge. The purpose of this review was to systematically search the published literature and identify validated and reliable self-report instruments available for children aged 5-18 years to use in the assessment of their anxiety to ensure they receive appropriate anxiety-relief intervention in hospital. What validated self-report instruments can children with cancer use to self-report anxiety in the hospital setting? Which of these instruments offer pictorial support? Eight instruments were identified, but most of the instruments lacked pictorial support. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL™) 3.0 Brain Tumor Module and Cancer Module proved to be useful in hospitalized children with cancer, as they provide pictorial support. It is recommended that faces or symbols be used along with the VAS, as pictures are easily understood by younger children. Future studies could include the adaptation of existing instruments in digital e-health tools.
Topics: Adolescent; Anxiety; Child; Child, Hospitalized; Child, Preschool; Humans; Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Self Report
PubMed: 33669455
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041911 -
Schizophrenia Research Nov 2023Individuals with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSDs) have significantly higher rates of suicidal thoughts, attempts, and death by suicide in comparison to the... (Review)
Review
Individuals with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSDs) have significantly higher rates of suicidal thoughts, attempts, and death by suicide in comparison to the general population. Sleep disturbances (reduced duration, timing and quality of sleep) are risk factors for suicidality in the general population, with research indicating the relationship is both immediate and accumulative. Sleep disturbances are also considered to be implicated in the onset and exacerbation of psychotic symptoms in SSDs. Reducing the risk of suicidality in SSDs remains an important public health priority, thus exploration of contributing risk factors is warranted. Sleep monitoring may also offer an adjunct risk monitoring method to suicidality assessments in SSDs, and a potential treatment target for psychotic symptoms. This review aimed to explore proximal and longitudinal relationships between self-reported and objectively measured sleep and suicidality in SSDs and other psychotic disorders. A comprehensive search of four databases was conducted. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria (10 cross sectional and 1 longitudinal). Narrative synthesis indicated that self-reported sleep disturbances and sleep disorders (e.g. insomnia) were associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation and attempt. However, one study employing polysomnography did not find sleep to be associated with suicidality. Methodological limitations of the evidence base include: i) little experimental or longitudinal evidence, (ii) self-report and/or single item assessment of sleep disturbance, (iii) limited use of validated measures of suicidality, (iv) considerable research in long-term schizophrenia but sparse evidence in early psychosis. Future research should explore (i) cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between specific aspects of suicidality and objective sleep parameters, (ii) use qualitative or mixed-methods designs to disentangle the nuances and bidirectionality in the sleep-suicide relationship, (iii) explore the psychological processes underpinning or mediating the sleep-suicide relationship in SSDs.
Topics: Humans; Suicidal Ideation; Schizophrenia; Suicide; Cross-Sectional Studies; Psychotic Disorders; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37879227
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.10.010