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AIDS Research and Therapy Aug 2023The goal of the AIDS and Cancer Specimen Resource (ACSR) is to play a major role in the advancement of HIV/AIDS cancer-related research/treatment by providing richly... (Review)
Review
The goal of the AIDS and Cancer Specimen Resource (ACSR) is to play a major role in the advancement of HIV/AIDS cancer-related research/treatment by providing richly annotated biospecimens and data to researchers at no cost. The ACSR acquires, stores, and equitably distributes these samples and associated clinical data to investigators conducting HIV/AIDS-related research, at no costs. Currently, it is the only biorepository of human biospecimens from people with HIV and cancer available to eligible researchers globally who are studying HIV associated malignancies.This review describes the history and organizational structure of the ACSR, its types of specimens in its inventory, and the process of requesting specimens. In addition, the review provides an overview of research that was performed over the last 5 years with its support and gives a summary of important new findings acquired by this research into the development of cancers in people with HIV, including both Aids-related and non-Aids-related malignancies.
Topics: Humans; HIV Infections; Neoplasms; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
PubMed: 37641153
DOI: 10.1186/s12981-023-00558-4 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Jul 2020HIV/AIDS prevention has been widely adopted worldwide, but little is known about HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes in the Arabian Peninsula. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
HIV/AIDS prevention has been widely adopted worldwide, but little is known about HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes in the Arabian Peninsula.
AIM
To summarize the level of knowledge and attitude about HIV/AIDS in seven Arabian Peninsula countries (Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Yemen, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE)).
METHODS
A systematic literature search was performed using combined keywords in four scientific databases of peer-reviewed publications from January 2010 to June 2019. Twenty-five articles were included in the systematic review, and twenty studies in the meta-analysis. The data was analyzed using a random-effect model due to the heterogeneity between the studies.
RESULTS
Seventeen studies reported on the level of knowledge and overall knowledge about HIV/AIDS in this region: 74.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 66.8%-82.0%, p<0.001) and the attitude was 52.8% (95% CI: 36.9%-68.6%, p<0.001). A study from Oman reported higher knowledge levels (95.5%, 95% CI: 94.2%-96.8%) while less than a quarter of the Bahrain population had positive attitudes 22.5% (95% CI: 20.5%-24.5%). Medical doctors showed higher knowledge (94.1%, 95% CI: 92.9%-95.3%), but a positive attitude was only observed in 32.5% (95% CI: 28.8%-36.2%) of the dentists toward HIV/AIDS.
CONCLUSION
The overall knowledge about HIV/AIDS was found to be satisfactory (74.4%), but about half (52.8%) of those displayed negative attitudes toward HIV/AIDS. Regular training courses as well as reviewing and reinforcing HIV/AIDS prevention guidelines can be useful to update knowledge and improve attitudes in this region.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Attitude; Female; HIV; HIV Infections; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Middle East; Physicians; Prisoners; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32359925
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.04.002 -
The Primary Care Companion For CNS... Mar 2020To investigate the self-esteem and defense mechanisms in patients diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the self-esteem and defense mechanisms in patients diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
METHODS
This prospective, cross-sectional study included 29 patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS admitted to inpatient or outpatient clinics between March 2018 and January 2019 and 29 healthy subjects. Participants were assessed using a sociodemographic and clinical data form, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory (RSEI), the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).
RESULTS
Patients with HIV/AIDS had significantly higher scores on the fantasy, psychosomatic symptoms, and parental interest subscales of the RSEI. There was no significant difference between the groups on the other subscales, including the self-esteem subscale. There was no correlation between the duration of the disease and self-esteem. The neurotic defense mechanism and immature defense mechanism subscale scores of the DSQ were significantly higher in the HIV/AIDS group compared to the control group (P < .01). Undoing and reaction formation scores in neurotic defense mechanisms and projection, devaluation, autistic fantasy, and splitting scores in immature defense mechanisms were significantly higher in the HIV/AIDS group compared to controls (P < .05). There was no significant difference between the groups based on the mature defense mechanisms subscale scores.
CONCLUSIONS
No difference was found in the self-esteem scores of the HIV/AIDS and control groups, and this finding could be associated with the stability of the self-esteem concept. It was also determined that patient group members utilized neurotic and immature defense mechanisms more often compared to the healthy group, and there was no difference between the groups based on mature defense mechanisms.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Defense Mechanisms; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Self Concept
PubMed: 32220150
DOI: 10.4088/PCC.19m02577 -
International Journal of Infectious... Jan 2020According to the United Nations AIDS reports in 2018, the Middle East and North Africa region is considered an area of increasing concern for HIV infection due to high...
According to the United Nations AIDS reports in 2018, the Middle East and North Africa region is considered an area of increasing concern for HIV infection due to high mortality associated with AIDS. The incidence of HIV/AIDS in Palestine between 1988 and 2017 as reported by the Palestinian Ministry of Health was analyzed. A total of 98 cases were reported (79 AIDS patients and 19 HIV positives). A nationwide surveillance is needed to understand the epidemiology of HIV infection in the country. Identification of the HIV risk factors and health outreach directed to the public are essentially crucial prevention measures that should be implemented by the Palestinian Ministry of Health.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Adult; Female; HIV; HIV Infections; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Middle East; Young Adult
PubMed: 31648004
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.10.019 -
Viruses Aug 2023Antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) have revolutionized the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, significantly improved patient outcomes, and reduced... (Review)
Review
Antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) have revolutionized the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, significantly improved patient outcomes, and reduced the mortality rate and incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, despite the remarkable efficacy of ART, virologic failure remains a challenge in the long-term management of HIV-infected individuals. Virologic failure refers to the persistent detectable viral load in patients receiving ART, indicating an incomplete suppression of HIV replication. It can occur due to various factors, including poor medication adherence, drug resistance, suboptimal drug concentrations, drug interactions, and viral factors such as the emergence of drug-resistant strains. In recent years, extensive efforts have been made to understand and address virologic failure in order to optimize treatment outcomes. Strategies to prevent and manage virologic failure include improving treatment adherence through patient education, counselling, and supportive interventions. In addition, the regular monitoring of viral load and resistance testing enables the early detection of treatment failure and facilitates timely adjustments in ART regimens. Thus, the development of novel antiretroviral agents with improved potency, tolerability, and resistance profiles offers new options for patients experiencing virologic failure. However, new treatment options would also face virologic failure if not managed appropriately. A solution to virologic failure requires a comprehensive approach that combines individualized patient care, robust monitoring, and access to a range of antiretroviral drugs.
Topics: Humans; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; HIV Infections; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Medication Adherence; Treatment Failure
PubMed: 37632074
DOI: 10.3390/v15081732 -
Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia =... 2019
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Brazil; Disease Notification; Female; Hepatitis, Viral, Human; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 31576977
DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720190001.supl.1 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2021Globally, HIV/AIDS and cancer are increasingly public health problems and continue to exist as comorbidities. The sub-Saharan African region has the largest number of... (Review)
Review
Globally, HIV/AIDS and cancer are increasingly public health problems and continue to exist as comorbidities. The sub-Saharan African region has the largest number of HIV infections. Malignancies previously associated with HIV/AIDS, also known as the AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) have been documented to decrease, while the non-AIDS defining cancer (NADCs) are on the rise. On the other hand, cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease and precision oncology as the most effective cancer therapy is gaining attraction. Among HIV-infected individuals, the increased risk for developing cancer is due to the immune system of the patient being suppressed, frequent coinfection with oncogenic viruses and an increase in risky behavior such as poor lifestyle. The core of personalised medicine for cancer depends on the discovery and the development of biomarkers. Biomarkers are specific and highly sensitive markers that reveal information that aid in leading to the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of the disease. This review focuses mainly on the risk assessment, diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic role of various cancer biomarkers in HIV-positive patients. A careful selection of sensitive and specific HIV-associated cancer biomarkers is required to identify patients at most risk of tumour development, thus improving the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Biomarkers, Tumor; Comorbidity; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Oncogenic Viruses; Precision Medicine; Prevalence; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34360891
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158127 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... Jul 2023Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is associated with a high rate of pulmonary infections (bacteria, fungi, and viruses). To overcome the low sensitivity and long...
BACKGROUND
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is associated with a high rate of pulmonary infections (bacteria, fungi, and viruses). To overcome the low sensitivity and long turnaround time of traditional laboratory-based diagnostic strategies, we adopted metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) technology to identify and classify pathogens.
RESULTS
This study enrolled 75 patients with AIDS and suspected pulmonary infections who were admitted to Nanning Fourth People's Hospital. Specimens were collected for traditional microbiological testing and mNGS-based diagnosis. The diagnostic yields of the two methods were compared to evaluate the diagnostic value (detection rate and turn around time) of mNGS for infections with unknown causative agent. Accordingly, 22 cases (29.3%) had a positive culture and 70 (93.3%) had positive valve mNGS results (P value < 0.0001, Chi-square test). Meanwhile, 15 patients with AIDS showed concordant results between the culture and mNGS, whereas only one 1 patient showed concordant results between Giemsa-stained smear screening and mNGS. In addition, mNGS identified multiple microbial infections (at least three pathogens) in almost 60.0% of patients with AIDS. More importantly, mNGS was able to detect a large variety of pathogens from patient tissue displaying potential infection and colonization, while culture results remained negative. There were 18 members of pathogens which were consistently detected in patients with and without AIDS.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, mNGS analysis provides fast and precise pathogen detection and identification, contributing substantially to the accurate diagnosis, real-time monitoring, and treatment appropriateness of pulmonary infection in patients with AIDS.
Topics: Humans; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Azure Stains; Hospitalization; Hospitals; Pneumonia
PubMed: 37430367
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00608-9 -
Mathematical Biosciences and... Jan 2024In this study, we proposed two, symptom-dependent, HIV/AIDS models to investigate the dynamical properties of HIV/AIDS in the Fujian Province. The basic reproduction...
In this study, we proposed two, symptom-dependent, HIV/AIDS models to investigate the dynamical properties of HIV/AIDS in the Fujian Province. The basic reproduction number was obtained, and the local and global stabilities of the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points were verified to the deterministic HIV/AIDS model. Moreover, the indicators $ R_0^s $ and $ R_0^e $ were derived for the stochastic HIV/AIDS model, and the conditions for stationary distribution and stochastic extinction were investigated. By using the surveillance data from the Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, some numerical simulations and future predictions on the scale of HIV/AIDS infections in the Fujian Province were conducted.
Topics: Humans; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; HIV Infections; Basic Reproduction Number; Entropy; Models, Biological
PubMed: 38454662
DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2024079 -
Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2022In this paper, we proposed and analyzed a realistic compartmental mathematical model on the spread and control of HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coepidemic incorporating pneumonia...
In this paper, we proposed and analyzed a realistic compartmental mathematical model on the spread and control of HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coepidemic incorporating pneumonia vaccination and treatment for both infections at each infection stage in a population. The model exhibits six equilibriums: HIV/AIDS only disease-free, pneumonia only disease-free, HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coepidemic disease-free, HIV/AIDS only endemic, pneumonia only endemic, and HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coepidemic endemic equilibriums. The HIV/AIDS only submodel has a globally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium if < 1. Using center manifold theory, we have verified that both the pneumonia only submodel and the HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coepidemic model undergo backward bifurcations whenever < 1 and = max{ , } < 1, respectively. Thus, for pneumonia infection and HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coinfection, the requirement of the basic reproduction numbers to be less than one, even though necessary, may not be sufficient to completely eliminate the disease. Our sensitivity analysis results demonstrate that the pneumonia disease transmission rate and the HIV/AIDS transmission rate play an important role to change the qualitative dynamics of HIV/AIDS and pneumonia coinfection. The pneumonia infection transmission rate gives rises to the possibility of backward bifurcation for HIV/AIDS and pneumonia coinfection if = max{ , } < 1, and hence, the existence of multiple endemic equilibria some of which are stable and others are unstable. Using standard data from different literatures, our results show that the complete HIV/AIDS and pneumonia coinfection model reproduction number is = max{ , } = max{1.386, 9.69 } = 9.69 at = 2 and = 0.2 which shows that the disease spreads throughout the community. Finally, our numerical simulations show that pneumonia vaccination and treatment against disease have the effect of decreasing pneumonia and coepidemic disease expansion and reducing the progression rate of HIV infection to the AIDS stage.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Basic Reproduction Number; Coinfection; Computational Biology; Computer Simulation; Endemic Diseases; Epidemiological Models; HIV Infections; Humans; Models, Biological; Pneumonia; Vaccination
PubMed: 35069778
DOI: 10.1155/2022/3105734