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Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Meat and bone meal (MBM), as slaughterhouse waste, is a potential biostimulating agent, but its efficiency and reliability in composting are largely unknown. To access...
Meat and bone meal (MBM), as slaughterhouse waste, is a potential biostimulating agent, but its efficiency and reliability in composting are largely unknown. To access the MBM application to the composting process of asparagus straw rice, we followed the composting process for 60 days in 220-L composters and another 180 days in 20-L buckets in treatments applied with MBM or urea. The microbial succession was investigated by high-throughput sequencing. Compared with urea treatments, MBM addition stabilized pH and extended the thermophilic phase for 7 days. The germination index of MBM treatments was 24.76% higher than that of urea treatments. MBM also promoted higher microbial diversity and shifted community compositions. Organic matter and pH were the most significant factors that influence the bacterial and fungal community structure. At the genus level, MBM enriched relative abundances of organic matter-degrading bacteria () and lignocellulose-degrading fungi (), as well as lignocellulolytic enzyme activities. Notably, MBM addition decreased sum abundances of plant pathogenic fungi of , and from 17.27 to 0.11%. This study demonstrated the potential of MBM as an effective additive in asparagus straw composting, thus providing insights into the development of new industrial aerobic fermentation.
PubMed: 36204619
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.953783 -
Marine Drugs Sep 2021Cyclopeptides usually play a pivotal role, either in the viability or virulence of fungi. Two types of cyclopeptides, six new hydroxamate siderophore cyclohexapeptides...
Cyclopeptides usually play a pivotal role, either in the viability or virulence of fungi. Two types of cyclopeptides, six new hydroxamate siderophore cyclohexapeptides (-), including acremonpeptides E and F, and their complexes with aluminum and ferric ions; one new cyclic pentapeptolide, aselacin D (); together with a known compound, aselacin C (), were isolated and characterized from the sponge-derived fungus F10. In addition, two new siderophore analogues chelating gallium ions (Ga), Ga (III)-acremonpeptide E () and Ga (III)-acremonpeptide F (), using isolated acremonpeptides E and F, were prepared. The planar structures of - were elucidated by HRESIMS and (1D and 2D) NMR. The absolute configurations of amino acids were determined by means of the advanced Marfey's method and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer was performed to disclose the elements of compound , indicating the existence of aluminum (Al). Al (III)-acremonpeptides E (), Ga (III)-acremonpeptides E (), Al (III)-acremonpeptide F (), and Ga (III)-acremonpeptide F () displayed high in vitro anti-fungal activities, which are comparable to amphotericin B, against and
Topics: Acremonium; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Aquatic Organisms; Aspergillus; Crystallography, X-Ray; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Peptides, Cyclic; Porifera; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 34677436
DOI: 10.3390/md19100537 -
Fungi associated with ornamental plants in some Nurseries in Al-Qurayyat, Jouf region, Saudi Arabia.Iranian Journal of Microbiology Feb 2023Fungi communities are important soil components as decomposers and plant symbionts, and they play an important part in natural ecological and biogeochemical processes....
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Fungi communities are important soil components as decomposers and plant symbionts, and they play an important part in natural ecological and biogeochemical processes. In this study, isolation and identification of terrestrial and zoosporic fungi were detected.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixty-seven fungal species from thirty-four genera were isolated from 45 soil samples obtained randomly from nurseries in Al-Qurayyat, Jouf reagon, Saudi Arabia using the soil dilution technique on glucose-Czapek's agar medium, cellulose-Czapek's agar, and Potato dextrose agar medium.Authentic fungus manuals were then used to identify and characterise the mycoflora.
RESULTS
A total of 46 fungal species belonging to 22 terrestrial fungal genera were recovered on glucose-Czapek's agar, 38 species belonging to 20 terrestrial fungal genera were recovered on cellulos-Czapek's agar and 27 fungal species belonging to 15 terrestrial fungal genera were recovered on PDA medium while 12 species belonging to 7 genera zoosporic fungal genera were discovered.
CONCLUSION
The most common terrestrial fungal genera were and while in zoosporic fungus. was the most prevalent, followed by and .
PubMed: 37069907
DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v15i1.11934 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Apr 2020Autotoxic ginsenosides have been implicated as one of the major causes for replant failure of Sanqi ginseng (); however, the impact of autotoxic ginsenosides on the...
Autotoxic ginsenosides have been implicated as one of the major causes for replant failure of Sanqi ginseng (); however, the impact of autotoxic ginsenosides on the fungal microbiome, especially on soilborne fungal pathogens, remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of the ginsenoside monomers Rg, Rb, and Rh, and that of their mixture (Mix), on the composition and diversity of the soil fungal community, as well as on the abundance and growth of the soilborne pathogen in pure culture. The addition of autotoxic ginsenosides altered the composition of the total fungal microbiome, as well as the taxa within the shared and unique treatment-based components, but did not alter alpha diversity (α-diversity). In particular, autotoxic ginsenosides enriched potentially pathogenic taxa, such as , , , , and , and decreased the abundances of beneficial taxa such as , , and Relative abundances of pathogenic taxa were significantly and negatively correlated with those of beneficial taxa. Among the pathogenic fungi, the genus was most responsive to ginsenoside addition, with the abundance of consistently enhanced in the ginsenoside-treated soils. Validation tests confirmed that autotoxic ginsenosides promoted mycelial growth and conidial germination of the root rot pathogen In addition, the autotoxic ginsenoside mixture exhibited synergistic effects on pathogen proliferation. Collectively, these results highlight that autotoxic ginsenosides are capable of disrupting the equilibrium of fungal microbiomes through the stimulation of potential soilborne pathogens, which presents a significant hurdle in remediating replant failure of Sanqi ginseng. Sanqi ginseng [ (Burk.) F. H. Chen] is geoauthentically produced in a restricted area of southwest China, and successful replanting requires a rotation cycle of more than 15 to 30 years. The increasing demand for Sanqi ginseng and diminishing arable land resources drive farmers to employ consecutive monoculture systems. Replant failure has severely threatened the sustainable production of Sanqi ginseng and causes great economic losses annually. Worse still, the acreage and severity of replant failure are increased yearly, which may destroy the Sanqi ginseng industry in the near future. The significance of this work is to decipher the mechanism of how autotoxic ginsenosides promote the accumulation of soilborne pathogens and disrupt the equilibrium of soil fungal microbiomes. This result may help us to develop effective approaches to successfully conquer the replant failure of Sanqi ginseng.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Fungi; Ginsenosides; Mycobiome; Panax notoginseng; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 32086303
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00130-20 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Three new sorbicillinoids, including trimer trisorbicillinone E (), acremosorbicillinoids A and B ( and ), and a new alkaloid acremokaloid A (), and a new natural...
Three new sorbicillinoids, including trimer trisorbicillinone E (), acremosorbicillinoids A and B ( and ), and a new alkaloid acremokaloid A (), and a new natural product 2,3-acetyl-β-methyltryptophan (), were isolated from an endophytic fungus SS-g13, which is found in plant root. In addition, eight known sorbicillinoids () were also obtained. The new compound structures were established using NMR, HRESIMS spectra, and reported spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of compounds , were determined by spectroscopic analysis, Snatzke's method, and time-dependent density functional theory-electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT-ECD) calculations. Compound exhibited significant cholesterol efflux enhancing activity. A plausible biosynthesis pathway for the sorbicillinoids is discussed.
PubMed: 35418970
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.800626 -
The Discovery of Acremochlorins O-R from an sp. through Integrated Genomic and Molecular Networking.Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The fermentation of a soil-derived fungus sp. led to the isolation of thirteen ascochlorin congeners through integrated genomic and Global Natural Product Social (GNPS)...
The fermentation of a soil-derived fungus sp. led to the isolation of thirteen ascochlorin congeners through integrated genomic and Global Natural Product Social (GNPS) molecular networking. Among the isolated compounds, we identified two unusual bicyclic types, acremochlorins O () and P (), as well as two linear types, acremochlorin Q () and R (). Compounds and contain an unusual benzopyran moiety and are diastereoisomers of each other, the first reported for the ascochlorins. Additionally, we elucidated the structure of , a 4-chloro-5-methylbenzene-1,3-diol with a linear farnesyl side chain, and confirmed the presence of eight known ascochlorin analogs (-). The structures were determined by the detailed interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, MS, and ECD calculations. Compounds and showed potent antibacterial activity against and , with MIC values ranging from 2 to 16 μg/mL.
PubMed: 38786720
DOI: 10.3390/jof10050365 -
PloS One 2024Fruit shape is an important character of watermelon. And the compositions of rhizospheric and endophytic microorganisms of watermelon with different fruit shape also...
Fruit shape is an important character of watermelon. And the compositions of rhizospheric and endophytic microorganisms of watermelon with different fruit shape also remains unclear. To elucidate the biological mechanism of watermelon fruit shape formations, the rhizospheric and endophytic microbial community compositions between oval (OW) and circular watermelons (CW) were analyzed. The results showed that except of the rhizospheric bacterial richness (P < 0.05), the rhizospheric and endophytic microbial (bacterial and fungal) diversity were not statistically significant between OW and CW (P > 0.05). However, the endophytic microbial (bacterial and fungal) compositions were significantly different. Firstly, Bacillus, Rhodanobacter, Cupriavidus, Luteimonas, and Devosia were the unique soil dominant bacterial genera in rhizospheres of circular watermelon (CW); In contrast, Nocardioides, Ensifer, and Saccharomonospora were the special soil dominant bacterial genera in rhizospheres of oval watermelons (OW); Meanwhile, Cephalotrichum, Neocosmospora, Phialosimplex, and Papulaspora were the unique soil dominant fungal genera in rhizospheres of circular watermelon (CW); By contrast, Acremonium, Cladosporium, Cryptococcus_f__Tremellaceae, Sodiomyces, Microascus, Conocybe, Sporidiobolus, and Acremonium were the unique soil dominant fungal genera in rhizospheres of oval watermelons (OW). Additionally, Lechevalieria, Pseudorhodoferax, Pseudomonas, Massilia, Flavobacterium, Aeromicrobium, Stenotrophomonas, Pseudonocardia, Novosphingobium, Melittangium, and Herpetosiphon were the unique dominant endophytic bacterial genera in stems of CW; In contrast, Falsirhodobacter, Kocuria, and Kineosporia were the special dominant endophytic genera in stems of OW; Moreover, Lectera and Fusarium were the unique dominant endophytic fungal genera in stems of CW; By contrast, Cercospora only was the special dominant endophytic fungal genus in stems of OW. All above results suggested that watermelons with different fruit shapes exactly recruited various microorganisms in rhizospheres and stems. Meanwhile, the enrichments of the different rhizosphric and endophytic microorganisms could be speculated in relating to watermelon fruit shapes formation.
Topics: Rhizosphere; Citrullus; Endophytes; Fruit; Bacteria; Soil Microbiology; Fungi; Microbiota
PubMed: 38753836
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302462 -
Gastroenterology Report 2023The study purpose was to characterize the mycobiome and its associations with the expression of pathogenic genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
BACKGROUND
The study purpose was to characterize the mycobiome and its associations with the expression of pathogenic genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
METHODS
Patients with primary ESCC were recruited from two central hospitals. We performed internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) ribosomal DNA sequencing analysis. We compared differential fungi and explored the ecology of fungi and the interaction of bacteria and fungi.
RESULTS
The mycobiota diversity was significantly different between tumors and tumor-adjacent samples. We further analysed the differences between the two groups, at the species level, confirming that , , , and were excessively colonized in the tumor samples, whereas , , , , , and were significantly more abundant in tumor-adjacent samples. The fungal co-occurrence network in tumor-adjacent samples was larger and denser than that in tumors. Similarly, the more complex bacterial-fungal interactions in tumor-adjacent samples were also detected. The expression of mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase was positively correlated with the abundance of and in tumor-adjacent samples. In tumors, the expression of MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (MET) had a negative correlation and a positive correlation with the abundance of and , respectively.
CONCLUSION
This study revealed the landscape of the esophageal mycobiome characterized by an altered fungal composition and bacterial and fungal ecology in ESCC.
PubMed: 37124071
DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goad022 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2021The use of more than one control technique can maximize the reduction of the damages caused by the fungus Asperisporium caricae causal agent of the black spot in the...
The use of more than one control technique can maximize the reduction of the damages caused by the fungus Asperisporium caricae causal agent of the black spot in the papaya crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity of the fungi Hansfordia pulvinata and Acremonium spp. to alternative products with potential for use in the control of the black-spotted ptarmigan. Three isolates of Acremonium spp. (A-598, A-602 and A-617) and an isolate of H. pulvinata (H-611) were grown in BDA medium containing Agro-Mos®, Bion®, Ecolife®, Hortifospk®, Matriz G®, Vitaphol® separately. The Amistar 500WG ® fungicide was used as a positive control and pure BDA as a negative control. The toxicity of the tested products was determined based on the values of the biological index, derived from the means of mycelial growth, sporulation and germination of conidia, in each experimental unit. In this way it was possible to select the products classified as compatible for all isolates, and to test them in vivo. In the greenhouse, only the isolates and isolates with selected products, were applied in papaya plants with foliar symptoms of black-spotted. The incidence of leaves with hyperparasites and the percentage of black-painted lesions colonized by the tested isolates were evaluated. Thus, the H-611 isolate proved to be compatible with most of the alternative products tested, except with Hortifos®. Bion® and Matrix® products were compatible with all tested isolates and could be used in conjunction with Acremonium spp. and H. pulvinata to control the papaya black spot, since these products did not present toxicity on the hyperparasitic fungi.
Topics: Ascomycota; Carica; Plant Diseases
PubMed: 32074170
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.214909 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022culture (ATC) has similar bioactive constituents to and is known for its nutrient and pharmacological value, indicating the potential of ATC as a new feed additive in...
culture (ATC) has similar bioactive constituents to and is known for its nutrient and pharmacological value, indicating the potential of ATC as a new feed additive in dairy cow feeding. The primary aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of increasing amounts of ATC in diets on milk performance, antioxidant capacity, and rumen fermentation, and the secondary aim was to evaluate the potential effects of high doses of ATC. A total of 60 multiparous Holstein cows (110 ± 21 days in milk; 2.53 ± 0.82 parity) were assigned into 15 blocks and randomly assigned to one of four groups: 0, 30, 60, or 300 g/d of ATC per cow for 97 days. Data were analyzed using repeated measures in the Mixed procedure. Dry-matter intake was not changed ( > 0.05), while energy-corrected milk and fat-corrected milk yields increased linearly and quadratically, and somatic cell count in milk decreased linearly and quadratically ( 0.05). The lactation efficiency and the yields of milk fat and protein increased linearly ( < 0.05). On day 90, serum catalase level, total oxidative capacity, glutathione peroxidase, immunoglobulin A, and immunoglobulin M concentrations were significantly higher in the 60 and 300 g/d groups than in the 0 g/d group ( < 0.05). ATC addition showed linear effects on total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetate, branched VFA concentrations, and rumen pH ( < 0.05). Supplementing 60 and 300 g/d ATC significantly affected the bacterial composition ( < 0.05). The relative abundance of _ and _ were significantly increased by 60 g/d supplementation, and the relative abundance of , , , and were significantly increased by 300 g/d supplementation ( < 0.05). ATC was effective in enhancing rumen fermentation and reducing somatic cell count in milk, thereby improving milk yield. The optimized dose of ATC was 60 g/d for lactating cows, and there were no risks associated with high doses of ATC.
PubMed: 35052679
DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010175