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Biomolecules Jan 2021The discovery and development of actinomycete secondary metabolites (ASMs) have played pivotal roles in the fields of human medicine and its related biotechnology...
The discovery and development of actinomycete secondary metabolites (ASMs) have played pivotal roles in the fields of human medicine and its related biotechnology sectors over the past several decades [...].
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Biological Products; Biotechnology; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Drug Discovery; Humans; Multigene Family; Streptomyces
PubMed: 33494267
DOI: 10.3390/biom11020134 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Apr 2023Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare infection caused by the bacterial species actinomyces. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of pulmonary actinomycosis to... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare infection caused by the bacterial species actinomyces. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of pulmonary actinomycosis to improve awareness and knowledge. The literature was analysed using databases including Pubmed, Medline and Embase from 1974 to 2021. After inclusion and exclusion, a total of 142 papers were reviewed. Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare disease occurring in approximately 1 per 3,000,000 people annually. Historically, pulmonary actinomycosis was a common infection with high mortality; however, the infection has become rarer since the widespread use of penicillins. Actinomycosis is known as "the great masquerade"; however, it can be differentiated from other diseases with acid-fast negative ray-like bacilli and sulphur granules being pathognomonic. Complications of the infection include empyema, endocarditis, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and sepsis. The mainstay of treatment is prolonged antibiotic therapy, with adjuvant surgery in severe cases. Future research should focus on multiple areas, including the potential risk secondary to immunosuppression from newer immunotherapies, the utility of newer diagnostic techniques and ongoing surveillance post-therapy.
Topics: Humans; Actinomycosis; Actinomyces; Lung Diseases; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Penicillins
PubMed: 36801629
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.02.004 -
Precision Clinical Medicine Jun 2023Observational studies have indicated a potential link between gut microbiota and sarcopenia. However, the underlying mechanisms and a causal relationship have not been...
BACKGROUND
Observational studies have indicated a potential link between gut microbiota and sarcopenia. However, the underlying mechanisms and a causal relationship have not been established. Thus, the objective of this study is to examine the possible causal association between gut microbiota and sarcopenia-related traits, including low hand-grip strength and appendicular lean mass (ALM), to shed light on the gut-muscle axis.
METHODS
To investigate the potential impact of gut microbiota on low hand-grip strength and ALM, we utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Summary statistics were obtained from genome-wide association studies of gut microbiota, low hand-grip strength, and ALM. The primary MR analysis employed the random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. To assess the robustness, we conducted sensitivity analyses using the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test to detect and correct for horizontal pleiotropy, as well as the MR-Egger intercept test and leave-one-out analysis.
RESULTS
, and were positively associated with the risk of low hand-grip strength (-values < 0.05). were negatively associated with low hand-grip strength (-values < 0.05). Eight bacterial taxa (, and were associated with a higher risk of ALM (-values < 0.05). group was negatively associated with ALM (-values < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
We found several gut microbiota components causally associated with sarcopenia-related traits. Our findings provided insights into novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia through the regulation of the gut microbiota, contributing to a better understanding of the gut-muscle axis.
PubMed: 37324750
DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbad010 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Actinomycetes inhabit both terrestrial and marine ecosystems and are highly proficient in producing a wide range of natural products with diverse biological functions,... (Review)
Review
Actinomycetes inhabit both terrestrial and marine ecosystems and are highly proficient in producing a wide range of natural products with diverse biological functions, including antitumor, immunosuppressive, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities. In this review, we delve into the life cycle, ecology, taxonomy, and classification of actinomycetes, as well as their varied bioactive metabolites recently discovered between 2015 and 2023. Additionally, we explore promising strategies to unveil and investigate new bioactive metabolites, encompassing genome mining, activation of silent genes through signal molecules, and co-cultivation approaches. By presenting this comprehensive and up-to-date review, we hope to offer a potential solution to uncover novel bioactive compounds with essential activities.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Ecosystem; Anti-Infective Agents; Biological Products
PubMed: 37570885
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155915 -
BMC Nephrology Dec 2023Growing evidence has demonstrated that patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) are more likely to experience cognitive impairment than patients with non-dialysis...
BACKGROUND
Growing evidence has demonstrated that patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) are more likely to experience cognitive impairment than patients with non-dialysis end-stage renal disease (ESRD); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the role and predictive significance of gut microbiome alterations in PD-associated cognitive impairment.
METHODS
A total of 29 non-dialysis ESRD patients and 28 PD patients were enrolled in this study and divided into subgroups according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Faecal samples were analyzed using 16 S rRNA. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and MoCA scores were used to assess the degree of cognitive impairment in patients.
RESULTS
The 16 S rRNA analysis demonstrated differences in gut microbiome abundance and structure between PD and non-dialysis ESRD patients and between PD patients with cognitive impairment (PCI) and PD patients with normal cognition (PNCI). At family and genus levels, Prevotellaceae exhibited the greatest structure difference, while Lactobacillus exhibited the greatest abundance difference between PCI and PNCI. Altered microbiota abundance significantly correlated with cognitive function and serum indicators in PD. In addition, different modules related to fatty acid, lipid, pantothenate, and coenzyme A biosynthesis, and tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism were inferred from 16 S rRNA data between PCI and PNCI. Both groups could be distinguished using models based on the abundance of Lactobacillaceae (Area under curve [AUC] = 0.83), Actinomycetaceae (AUC = 0.798), and Prevotellaceae (AUC = 0.778) families and Lactobacillus (AUC = 0.848) and Actinomyces (AUC = 0.798) genera.
CONCLUSION
Gut microbiome evaluation could aid early cognitive impairment diagnosis in patients undergoing PD.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cognitive Dysfunction; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Peritoneal Dialysis; Cognition
PubMed: 38053016
DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03410-z -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Aug 2020
Topics: Actinomyces; Biofilms; Extracellular Vesicles; Humans; Lipoproteins; Microbiology; Periodicals as Topic; Quorum Sensing
PubMed: 32854815
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000969 -
Biotechnology Advances Oct 2023Numerous biotic and abiotic stress in some geographical regions predisposed their agricultural matrix to challenges threatening plant productivity, health, and quality.... (Review)
Review
Numerous biotic and abiotic stress in some geographical regions predisposed their agricultural matrix to challenges threatening plant productivity, health, and quality. In curbing these threats, different customary agrarian principles have been created through research and development, ranging from chemical inputs and genetic modification of crops to the recently trending smart agricultural technology. But the peculiarities associated with these methods have made agriculturists rely on plant rhizospheric microbiome services, particularly bacteria. Several bacterial resources like Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, and Actinomycetes (Streptomycetes) are prominent as bioinoculants or the application of their by-products in alleviating biotic/abiotic stress have been extensively studied, with a dearth in the application of rare Actinomycetes metabolites. Rare Actinomycetes are known for their colossal genome, containing well-preserved genes coding for prolific secondary metabolites with many agroactive functionalities that can revolutionize the agricultural industry. Therefore, the imperativeness of this review to express the occurrence and distributions of rare Actinomycetes diversity, plant and soil-associated habitats, successional track in the rhizosphere under diverse stress, and their agroactive metabolite characteristics and functionalities that can remediate the challenges associated with agricultural productivity.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Bacteria; Rhizosphere; Agriculture; Soil; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 37356598
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108205 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Gut microbiota, particularly , has been previously reported to be associated with kidney stones. However, the conflicting results from both observational and...
BACKGROUND
Gut microbiota, particularly , has been previously reported to be associated with kidney stones. However, the conflicting results from both observational and intervention studies have created substantial uncertainty regarding the contribution of to the formation of kidney stone.
METHODS
We employed a two-sample MR analysis to investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and kidney stones using GWASs summary statistics obtained from the MiBioGen and FinnGen consortia. Moreover, we conducted a reserve MR analysis to assess the direction of the causal associations between gut microbiota and kidney stones. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach represents the primary method of Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis.
RESULTS
Our analyses do not yield supportive evidence for a causal link between the genus r (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.90-1.09, = 0.811) and the formation of kidney stones. The order (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65-0.96, = 0.020), family (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65-0.96, = 0.019), family (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67-0.96, = 0.015), genus (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67-0.98, = 0.030) and genus (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74-0.99, = 0.040) had protective effects on kidney stones, and the genus (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01-1.33, = 0.032), genus (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.04-1.84, = 0.028), genus (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.06-1.52, = 0.009) were risk factors for kidney stones. Differential abundance analysis provide no evidence of a association between and kidney stones, and showed genus Subdoligranulum were risk factors for kidney stones. Reverse MR analysis did not indicate any causal association of kidney stones on gut microbiota. No considerable heterogeneity of instrumental variables or horizontal pleiotropy was observed.
CONCLUSION
Our two-sample MR study did not find any causal relationship between genus and kidney stones. The association between gut microbiota and kidney stones does not solely depend on the presence of genus /. A more integrated approach using multiple omics platforms is needed to better understand the pathogenesis of kidney stones in the context of complex gene-environment interactions over time.
PubMed: 37502408
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1204311 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023α-Glucosidase (AGS) inhibitors have been regarded as an ideal target for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) since they can maintain an acceptable blood...
α-Glucosidase (AGS) inhibitors have been regarded as an ideal target for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) since they can maintain an acceptable blood glucose level by delaying the digestion of carbohydrates and diminishing the absorption of monosaccharides. In the process of our endeavor in mining AGS inhibitors from natural sources, the culture broth of two mangrove-derived actinomycetes sp. WHUA03267 and sp. WHUA03072 exhibited an apparent inhibitory activity against AGS. A subsequent chemical investigation into the two extracts furnished 28 secondary metabolites that were identified by spectroscopic methods as two previously undescribed linear polyketides -, four benzenoid ansamycins -, fourteen cyclodipeptides -, one prenylated indole derivative , two fusicoccane-type diterpenoids -, two hydroxamate siderophore -, and five others -. Among all of the isolates, and were obtained from actinomycetes for the first time, while - had never been reported to occur in a marine-derived microorganism previously. In the in vitro AGS inhibitory assay, compounds , , , , , , and exhibited potent to moderate activity with IC values ranging from 35.76 ± 0.40 to 164.5 ± 15.5 μM, as compared with acarbose (IC = 422.3 ± 8.4 μM). The AGS inhibitory activity of , , , , and was reported for the first time. In particular, autolytimycin () represented the first ansamycin derivative reported to possess the AGS inhibitory activity. Kinetics analysis and molecular docking were performed to determine the inhibition types and binding modes of these inhibitors, respectively. In the MTT assay, , , , , , , and exhibited no apparent cytotoxicity to the human normal hepatocyte (LO2) cells, suggesting satisfactory safety of these AGS inhibitors.
Topics: Humans; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Actinobacteria; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Actinomyces; Molecular Docking Simulation; Streptomyces; alpha-Glucosidases; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 37175232
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093822 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Jun 2023Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a serious complication of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC). However, its etiology and pathogenesis have not been completely...
BACKGROUND
Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a serious complication of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC). However, its etiology and pathogenesis have not been completely elucidated. Recent studies suggest the involvement of the oral microbiota in the development of ORN. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between oral microbiota and the extent of bone resorption in ORN patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty patients who received high-dose radiotherapy for HNC were enrolled. Tissue specimens were collected from the unaffected and affected sides. The diversity, species differences and marker species of the oral microbial community were determined by 16 S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.
RESULTS
The ORN group had greater microbial abundance and species diversity. The relative abundance of f_Prevotellaceaeand, f_Fusobacteriaceae, f_Porphyromonadaceae, f_Actinomycetaceae, f_Staphylococcaceae, g_Prevotella, g_Staphylococcus, s_Endodontalis and s_Intermedia were particular;y increased in ORN, suggesting a potential association between the oral microbiota and ORN. Furthermore, g_Prevotella, g_Streptococcus, s_parvula and s_mucilaginosa were identified as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of ORN. Association network analysis also suggested an overall imbalance in species diversity and ecological diversity in the oral microbiota of ORN patients. In addition, pathway analysis indicated that the dominant microbiota in ORN may disrupt bone regeneration by regulating specific metabolic pathways that increase osteoclastic activity.
CONCLUSION
Radiation-induced ORN is associated with significant changes in the oral microbiota, and the latter may play a potential role in the etiopathology of post-radiation ORN. The exact mechanisms through which the oral microbiota influence osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis remain to be elucidated.
Topics: Humans; Osteoradionecrosis; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Health Status
PubMed: 37328857
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04219-y