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Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Dec 2021Aeromonas veronii can cause infections in humans and a wide variety of aquatic and terrestrial animals as well as causing serious economic losses in aquaculture...
OBJECTIVES
Aeromonas veronii can cause infections in humans and a wide variety of aquatic and terrestrial animals as well as causing serious economic losses in aquaculture worldwide. Aeromonas veronii strain JC529 was isolated from an infected common carp in a fish pond in Jilin Province. In this study, we identified the multidrug resistance genes and traced the source of the strain in order to lay the foundation for research on the resistance mechanisms of other Aeromonas isolates.
METHODS
The isolated strain was sequenced using PacBio RS II and Illumina HiSeq 4000 platforms. Corrected reads were assembled using Celera and Falcon software and genes were predicted using Glimmer software. Seven databases were used for general function annotation. Virulence factors and resistance genes were identified based on the core data set in the VFDB and ARDB databases. Concurrently, 68 publicly available A. veronii genomes (including A. veronii JC529) were compared to reveal the clustering relationship of JC529.
RESULTS
Aeromonas veronii strain JC529 has a circular chromosome of 4 834 659 bp with a GC content of 59.64%, including 4264 protein-coding genes, 2 prophages, 482 virulence factors and 27 antibiotic resistance genes, indicating that strain JC529 is a multidrug-resistant strain. The phylogenetic tree showed that strains JC529 and NS, PDB, AG5.28.6 and VCK1 appear to be inherited from a common ancestor and affect aquaculture in China and Greece.
CONCLUSION
Strain JC529 is a multidrug-resistant A. veronii strain and has been inherited from a common ancestor with Greece.
Topics: Aeromonas veronii; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carps; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Phylogeny
PubMed: 34508865
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.08.007 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020C-type lectins (CTLs) have received widespread attention in animal immune responses. In the present study, two CTLs ( and ) were identified from obscure puffer . The...
C-type lectins (CTLs) have received widespread attention in animal immune responses. In the present study, two CTLs ( and ) were identified from obscure puffer . The open reading frames of ToCTL1 and ToCTL2 were 687 and 1,380 bp, respectively. The predicted ToCTL1 and ToCTL2 proteins contained a single transmembrane region and one typical carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction detected and transcripts in all examined tissues, with high levels in the intestine and kidney, and their expression levels were remarkably altered upon and infection. The recombinant proteins ToCTL1-CRD and ToCTL2-CRD agglutinated the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in a Ca-dependent manner. rToCTL1-CRD and rToCTL2-CRD exhibited evident binding activities against seven kinds of bacteria and polysaccharides (lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan) in a Ca-independent manner. Moreover, rToCTL1-CRD and rToCTL2-CRD could inhibit the growth of four types of bacteria . These findings collectively demonstrated that ToCTL1 and ToCTL2 could be involved in host defense against bacterial infection in .
Topics: Aeromonas hydrophila; Animals; Cell Membrane; Cloning, Molecular; Fish Diseases; Fish Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Immunity, Innate; Lectins, C-Type; Phylogeny; Protein Domains; Takifugu; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 32226431
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00436 -
Genomics Jan 2022Aeromonas salmonicida (A. salmonicida) is a pathogenic bacterium that causes serious problems in the global Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry. In this study, we...
Aeromonas salmonicida (A. salmonicida) is a pathogenic bacterium that causes serious problems in the global Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the profiles of lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs in gills of Atlantic salmon at high-dose A. salmonicida infection (3.06 × 10 CFU/mL), low-dose A. salmonicida infection (3.06 × 10 CFU/mL), and a PBS (100 μL) control. We identified 65 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 41 miRNAs, and 512 mRNAs between the control group and infection groups. Functional analysis showed that these genes were significantly enriched in the p53 signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. In addition, we predicted key genes in immune-related pathways and constructed a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network based on whole transcriptomic analysis. We further predicted three lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axes as potential novel biomarkers in regulating the immune response of Atlantic salmon against A. salmonicida infection.
Topics: Aeromonas salmonicida; Animals; MicroRNAs; RNA, Long Noncoding; RNA, Messenger; Salmo salar
PubMed: 34933071
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.12.013 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2022Our previous studies demonstrated that melatonin could effectively ameliorate sleep deprivation- (SD-) caused oxidative stress-mediated gut microbiota disorder and...
BACKGROUND
Our previous studies demonstrated that melatonin could effectively ameliorate sleep deprivation- (SD-) caused oxidative stress-mediated gut microbiota disorder and colitis. The research further clarified the mechanism of melatonin in improving colitis from the perspective of the interaction between and goblet cells.
METHODS
A seventy-two hours SD mouse model with or without melatonin intervention and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to explore the vital position of -goblet cell interactions in melatonin improving SD-induced colitis. Moreover, or LPS-supplied mice were assessed, and the influence of melatonin on -goblet cell interactions-mediated oxidative stress caused colitis. Furthermore, in vitro experiment investigated the regulation mechanism of melatonin.
RESULTS
Our study showed that SD induced colitis, with upregulation of and LPS levels and reductions in goblet cells number and MUC2 protein. Similarly, FMT from SD mice, veronii colonization, and LPS treatment restored the SD-like goblet cells number and MUC2 protein decrease and colitis. Moreover, LPS treatment downregulated the colonic antioxidant capacity. Yet, melatonin intervention reversed all consequence in SD, veronii colonization, and LPS-treated mice. In vitro, melatonin reversed veronii- or LPS-induced MUC2 depletion in mucus-secreting human HT-29 cells via increasing the expression level of Villin, Tff3, p-GSK-3, -catenin, and melatonin receptor 2 (MT2) and decreasing the level of p-IB, p-P65, ROS, TLR4, and MyD88 proteins, while the improvement effect was blocked with pretreatment with a MT2 antagonist but were mimicked by TLR4 and GSK-3 antagonists and ROS scavengers.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrated that melatonin-mediated MT2 inhibits -goblet cell interactions to restore the level of MUC2 production via LPS/TLR4/MyD88/GSK-3/ROS/NF-B loop, further improving colitis in SD mice.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Cell Communication; Colitis; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Goblet Cells; Melatonin; Mice; Sleep Deprivation
PubMed: 35355860
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8133310 -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Jan 2020Antimicrobial resistant bacteria are emerging biological contaminants of the environment. In aquatic ecosystems, they originate mainly from hospitals, livestock manure...
BACKGROUND
Antimicrobial resistant bacteria are emerging biological contaminants of the environment. In aquatic ecosystems, they originate mainly from hospitals, livestock manure and private households sewage water, which could contain antimicrobial agents and resistant microorganisms. Aeromonas spp. occur ubiquitously in aquatic environments and they cause disease in fish. Motile aeromonads are also associated with human gastrointestinal and wound infections and fish can act as a transmission route of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) aeromonads to humans. The environmental ubiquity, the natural susceptibility to antimicrobials and the zoonotic potential of Aeromonas spp. make them optimal candidates for studying the AMR in aquatic ecosystems.
RESULTS
The AMR patterns of 95 motile aeromonads isolated from freshwater fish during 2013 and 2016 were analyzed. All samples from fish came from farms and natural water bodies located in northern Italy, which is an area characterized by high anthropic impact on the environment. The isolates were biochemically identified as Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria or Aeromonas caviae and AMR was determined by the standard disk diffusion method. All isolates were resistant to cloxacillin, spiramycin and tilmicosin. High AMR frequencies (> 95%) were detected for tylosin, penicillin and sulfadiazine. AMR to danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, flumequine, ceftiofur, aminosidine, colistin, doxycycline, gentamicin, marbocyl and florfenicol was observed at low levels (< 10%). No AMR to cefquinome was found. Logistic regression showed several differences in antimicrobial activity between complexes. According to the source of aeromonads, only few differences in AMR between isolates from farmed and wild fish were observed.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data revealed an increasing trend of AMR to neomycin and apramycin among Aeromonas isolates during the study period, while resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline and thiamphenicol decreased. All isolates were multidrug resistance (MDR), but A. caviae showed the highest number of MDR per isolate. In most isolates, various degrees of MDR were detected to macrolides, quinolones, fluoroquinolones, polymyxins and cephalosporins (third and fourth generations), which are listed, by the World Health Organisation, to be among the highest priority and critically important antimicrobials in human medicine. Our findings underlined that freshwater fish can act as potential source of MDR motile aeromonads. Due to their zoonotic potential, this can pose serious threat to human health.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Fish Diseases; Fisheries; Fresh Water; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Italy
PubMed: 31973764
DOI: 10.1186/s13028-020-0504-y -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Sep 2020Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CRGNB) have been reported in different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) throughout the world; however, few studies have...
OBJECTIVES
Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CRGNB) have been reported in different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) throughout the world; however, few studies have described the antimicrobial resistance profile in different CRGNB throughout WWTPs, information that would identify points of selection of resistant bacteria. The objective of this work was to characterize the resistance profile of CRGNB harbouring blaKPC-2 from a Colombian WWTP.
METHODS
Six samples were taken from four points of a WWTP. CRGNB were selected in chromID® CARBA and identified by 16S rRNA. Carbapenemases were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and susceptibility was assessed using VITEK2.
RESULTS
One hundred and forty-two CRGNB harbouring blaKPC-2 were detected: 41% corresponded to Aeromonas spp. (n = 58) and 59% to Enterobacteriaceae. To establish the resistance profile, 50% of the isolates were selected proportionally by family and sampling point (26 Aeromonadaceae and 45 Enterobacteriaceae). All Enterobacteriaceae showed resistance to carbapenems and penicillins + inhibitors, high percentages of resistance to ceftriaxone (88.9%), and ciprofloxacin (44.4%), and low resistance to other antibiotics (>30%). In Aeromonadaceae, 76.9% were resistant to ceftriaxone, 58% to carbapenems, and 65.4% to ciprofloxacin. Twenty-one resistance profiles were observed, the most common of which were resistant to penicillins + inhibitor, cephalosporins (third to fourth generation), and carbapenems (19%). The percentage of multidrug resistance was 91% and was similar at all points of the WWTP.
CONCLUSIONS
The high frequency of multidrug resistance and great diversity of resistance profiles observed throughout the WWTP is of concern, and shows the role of WWTP as a reservoir and dissemination source of antimicrobial resistance to water sources.
Topics: Carbapenems; Colombia; Drug Resistance, Multiple; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Water Purification
PubMed: 32200126
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.02.033 -
International Journal of Food... Dec 2020Bagged, pre-cut and prewashed lettuce products are marketed as ready to eat. This concept poses a food safety concern, due to lack of efficient hurdles to eliminate...
Bagged, pre-cut and prewashed lettuce products are marketed as ready to eat. This concept poses a food safety concern, due to lack of efficient hurdles to eliminate possible microbial contaminants from the fresh produce and/or the processing itself. Aeromonas spp. are potential foodborne pathogens that are frequently isolated from lettuce. High counts of, e.g., A. hydrophila have been found in retail ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetable salads. The aim of this study was to assess the general microbiological quality, the occurrence and diversity of potential human pathogenic mesophilic Aeromonas spp. of retail RTE lettuce products. Additionally, temperature-dependent growth kinetic parameters of Aerobic Plate Counts (APC) and Aeromonas spp. in one selected RTE lettuce product, rocket lettuce, were quantified by performing storage experiments at 4 °C, 8 °C and 12 °C. The Aeromonas isolates were further characterized regarding pathogenic traits and phylogenetic relationship. The overall hygienic quality of the lettuce products was unsatisfactory, as 60% of the products had an APC level higher than 7.0 log CFU/g. Presumptive Aeromonas spp. were detected in 52% of the samples, levels ranging from approximately 2.0-6.0 log CFU/g. Significantly lower counts of APC and Aeromonas spp. were found in uncut and unwashed products. Presumptive Aeromonas spp. were able to proliferate in rocket lettuce stored at 4 °C (μ = 0.39 ± 0.06/d and μ = 0.43 ± 0.05/d for lettuce from producers A and B, respectively), and μ was approximately 2× higher at 8 °C and 3× higher at 12 °C. Eighty-four percent of the collected isolates were identified as A. media, based on partial gyrB sequencing. Additionally A. salmonicida and A. bestiarum were detected. The pathogenic potential in this material was high, most of the isolates harbored at least one of the toxin genes, act, ast, alt.
Topics: Aeromonas; Colony Count, Microbial; Fast Foods; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Food Storage; Lactuca; Norway; Phylogeny; Temperature; Vegetables; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 32932210
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108852 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jan 2020Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare and life-threatening necrotizing skin and soft-tissue infection. Infectious pathogens of NF must be detected early and treated...
BACKGROUND
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare and life-threatening necrotizing skin and soft-tissue infection. Infectious pathogens of NF must be detected early and treated rapidly to prevent loss of limb or a fatal outcome. This study aimed to detect more reliable predictors between gram-negative and gram-positive monomicrobial NF of limbs.
METHODS
A total of 100 patients with limb monomicrobial NF were diagnosed prospectively from April 2015 to July 2018. These monomicrobial NF pathogens can be divided into gram-negative and gram-positive groups according to the result of Gram staining and final bacterial reports. Data such as demographics, seawater or seafood contact history, infectious location, comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, and laboratory findings were recorded and compared.
RESULTS
A total of 55 patients were infected with gram-negative organisms and 45 patients with gram-positive organisms. Among the 55 cases of monomicrobial gram-negative NF, 48 (87.3%) were caused mainly by Vibrio spp. (38, 69.1%) and Aeromonas spp. (10, 18.2%). A higher incidence of chronic kidney disease, cerebrovascular accident, tachypnea, and septic shock; a higher rate of band forms of leukocytes of more than 3%, serum lactate of more than 20 mg/dL, and C-reactive protein level of less than 150 mg/dL; prolonged prothrombin time; and a lower fibrinogen level were observed in patients with gram-negative infection. In a multivariate analysis, a higher incidence of seawater or seafood contact history (odds ratio [OR]: 66.301; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.467-588.702), a higher rate of hyperlactatemia (OR: 7.904; 95% CI: 1.231-50.744), and a low fibrinogen level (OR: 1.013; 95% CI: 1.004-1.023) indicated gram-negative infection.
CONCLUSIONS
In southern Taiwan, NF of limbs mainly affected the lower limbs, exhibited monomicrobial infection, and was predominated by gram-negative bacteria. Gram-negative monomicrobial NF of limbs often occurred in individuals with the more seawater or seafood contact history, hyperlactatemia, and low fibrinogen levels.
Topics: Aeromonas; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Incidence; Lower Extremity; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Soft Tissue Infections; Taiwan; Vibrio
PubMed: 31959118
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-4796-3 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2022Bee pollen is recommended as dietary supplement due to immunostimulating functions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties....
Bee pollen is recommended as dietary supplement due to immunostimulating functions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of such properties is still not well understood. As diet can be associated with animal performance, microbiota modulation and potentially factor for cancer, this study aimed to analyze if bee pollen could influence growth, gut microbial and skin cutaneous melanoma development in zebrafish. Control diets based on commercial flakes and Artemia were compared with the same diet supplemented with bee pollen. Fish weight gain, increased length, intestinal bacteria metagenomics analysis, serum amyloid A gene expression and cutaneous melanoma transplantation assays were performed. Bee pollen affected microbiota composition and melanoma development. Differential abundance revealed higher abundance in the control group for Aeromonadaceae family, Aeromonas and Pseudomonas genus, A. sobria, A. schubertii, A. jandaei and P. alcaligenes species compared with pollen diet group. Pollen group presented higher abundance for Chromobacterium genus and for Gemmobacter aquaticus, Flavobacterium succinicans and Bifidobacterium breve compared with control group. Unexpectedly, fish fed with bee pollen showed higher tumor growth rate and larger tumor size than control group. This is the first study to report intestinal microbial changes and no protective cancer properties after bee pollen administration.
Topics: Animals; Bees; Diet; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Melanoma; Pollen; Skin Neoplasms; Zebrafish; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
PubMed: 35705722
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14245-3 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2022species are found in the aquatic environment, drinking water, bottled mineral water, and different types of foods, such as meat, fish, seafood, or vegetables. Some of...
species are found in the aquatic environment, drinking water, bottled mineral water, and different types of foods, such as meat, fish, seafood, or vegetables. Some of these species are primary or opportunistic pathogens for invertebrates and vertebrates, including humans. Among the pathogenic factors associated with these species, there are the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). LPSs are the major components of the external leaflet of Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane. LPS is a glycoconjugate, generally composed of three portions: lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O-specific polysaccharide or O-antigen. The latter, which may be present (smooth LPS) or not (rough LPS), is the most exposed part of the LPS and is involved in the pathogenicity by protecting infecting bacteria from serum complement killing and phagocytosis. The O-antigen is a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units with high structural variability, particularly the terminal sugar, that confers the immunological specificity to the O-antigen. In this study, we established the structure of the O-chain repeating unit of the LPS from strain 868 E (=CECT 7113 = LMG 23376), a mesophilic bacterium isolated from cockles ( sp.) and obtained from a retail market in Barcelona (Spain), whose biosynthesis core LPS cluster does not contain the gene as most of species. After mild acid hydrolysis, the lipid A was removed by centrifugation and the obtained polysaccharide was fully characterized by chemical analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The polymer consists of a heptasaccharide repeating unit containing D-GalNAc, L-Rha, D-GlcNAc, and D-FucNAc residues.
Topics: Aeromonas; Carbohydrate Sequence; Hydrolysis; Lipid A; Lipopolysaccharides; O Antigens; Polymers
PubMed: 35163128
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031204