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ELife Nov 2018bacteria living in the gut of zebrafish produce a specific molecule to pacify the immune system of their host.
bacteria living in the gut of zebrafish produce a specific molecule to pacify the immune system of their host.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Zebrafish
PubMed: 30398150
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.42676 -
Virulence 2015
Topics: Aeromonas hydrophila; Animals; Deoxyribonucleases; Female; Fishes; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 26055576
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1058479 -
Microbial Pathogenesis May 2019The genus Aeromonas comprises more than thirty Gram-negative bacterial species which mostly act as opportunistic microorganisms. These bacteria are distributed naturally... (Review)
Review
The genus Aeromonas comprises more than thirty Gram-negative bacterial species which mostly act as opportunistic microorganisms. These bacteria are distributed naturally in diverse aquatic ecosystems, where they are easily isolated from animals such as fish and crustaceans. A capacity for adaptation also makes Aeromonas able to colonize terrestrial environments and their inhabitants, so these microorganisms can be identified from different sources, such as soils, plants, fruits, vegetables, birds, reptiles, amphibians, among others. Infectious processes usually develop in immunocompromised humans; in fish and other marine animals this process occurs under conditions of stress. Such events are most often associated with incorrect practices in aquaculture. Aeromonas has element diverse ranges, denominated virulence factors, which promote adhesion, colonization and invasion into host cells. These virulence factors, such as membrane components, enzymes and toxins, for example, are differentially expressed among species, making some strains more virulent than others. Due to their diversity, no single virulence factor was considered determinant in the infectious process generated by these microorganisms. Unlike other genera, Aeromonas species are erroneously differentiated by conventional biochemical tests. Therefore, molecular assays are necessary for this purpose. Nevertheless, new means of identification have been considered in order to generate methods that, like molecular tests, can correctly identify these microorganisms. The main objectives of this review are to explain environmental and structural characteristics of the Aeromonas genus and to discuss virulence mechanisms that these bacteria use to infect aquatic organisms and humans, which are important aspects for aquaculture and public health, respectively. In addition, this review aims to clarify new tests for the precise identification of the species of Aeromonas, contributing to the exact and specific diagnosis of infections by these microorganisms and consequently the treatment.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animal Diseases; Animals; Bacteriological Techniques; Environmental Microbiology; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Plant Diseases; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 30849490
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.02.036 -
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Jun 2016Aeromonas salmonicida is the oldest known infectious agent to be linked to fish disease and constitutes a major bacterial pathogen of fish, in particular of salmonids.... (Review)
Review
Aeromonas salmonicida is the oldest known infectious agent to be linked to fish disease and constitutes a major bacterial pathogen of fish, in particular of salmonids. This bacterium can be found almost worldwide in both marine and freshwater environments and has been divided into several sub-species. In this review, we present the most recent developments concerning our understanding of this pathogen, including how the characterization of new isolates from non-salmonid hosts suggests a more nuanced picture of the importance of the so‑called 'atypical isolates'. We also describe the clinical presentation regarding the infection across several fish species and discuss what is known about the virulence of A. salmonicida and, in particular, the role that the type 3 secretion system might play in suppressing the immune response of its hosts. Finally, isolates have displayed varied levels of antibiotic resistance. Hence, we review a number of solutions that have been developed both to prevent outbreaks and to treat them once they occur, including the application of pre- and probiotic supplements.
Topics: Aeromonas salmonicida; Animals; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Furunculosis; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 27304870
DOI: 10.3354/dao03006 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2021The increase in the use of antimicrobials such as colistin for the treatment of infectious diseases has led to the appearance of strains resistant to this drug.... (Review)
Review
The increase in the use of antimicrobials such as colistin for the treatment of infectious diseases has led to the appearance of strains resistant to this drug. However, resistance to colistin not only occurs in the clinical area but has also been determined in isolates from the environment or animals, which has been determined by the detection of genes that confer a resistance mechanism to colistin. The variants , , and have been detected in the genus in animal, environmental, and human fluids samples. In this article, an overview of the resistance to colistin in is shown, as well as the generalities of this molecule and the recommended methods to determine colistin resistance to be used in some of the genus .
Topics: Aeromonas; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Plasmids
PubMed: 34205867
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115974 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Jan 2023Aeromonas spp. are widely distributed in surface water, sewage, untreated and chlorinated, drinking water, as well as meats, fish, shellfish, poultry, and their... (Review)
Review
Aeromonas spp. are widely distributed in surface water, sewage, untreated and chlorinated, drinking water, as well as meats, fish, shellfish, poultry, and their products. A disease caused by Aeromonas spp. is designated as aeromoniasis. It can affect different aquatic animals, mammals, and birds in different geographic regions. Moreover, gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal disease conditions may be provoked in humans as a result of food poising with Aeromonas spp. Some Aeromonas spp. have been identified, however, Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila), A. caviae, and A. veronii bv sobria may be of public health significance. Aeromonas spp. are members of family Aeromonadaceae and genus Aeromonas. They are Gram-negative rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic, and oxidase and catalase-positive bacteria. The pathogenicity of Aeromonas in different hosts is mediated by several virulence factors such as endotoxins, cytotoxic enterotoxin, cytotoxins, hemolysins, adhesins, and extracellular enzymes such as proteases, amylases, lipases, ADP-ribosyltransferases, and DNases. Most avian species are susceptible to either natural or experimental infections with Aeromonas spp. Infection usually arises through feacal-oral route. Traveler's diarrhea as well as other systemic and local infections are the clinical picture of food poisoning associated with aeromoniasis in humans. Despite Aeromonas spp. being sensitive to various antimicrobials, multiple drug resistance has been commonly reported worldwide. Accordingly, this review highlights aeromoniasis in poultry regarding Aeromonas virulence factors epidemiology, pathogenicity, zoonosis, and antimicrobial resistance.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Diarrhea; Poultry; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Travel; Bacterial Infections; Aeromonas; Virulence Factors; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Mammals
PubMed: 36795920
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.17186 -
Gut Microbes 2012Gastrointestinal microbiomes play important roles in the health and nutrition of animals and humans. The medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana, serves as a powerful model for... (Review)
Review
Gastrointestinal microbiomes play important roles in the health and nutrition of animals and humans. The medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana, serves as a powerful model for the study of microbial symbioses of the gut, due to its naturally limited microbiome compared with other popular models, the ability to cultivate the most abundant microbes, and genetically manipulate one of them, Aeromonas veronii. This review covers the relevance and application of leeches in modern medicine as well as recent discoveries detailing the nature of the gut microbiome. Additionally, the dual life-style of A. veronii allows one to do direct comparisons between colonization factors for beneficial and pathogenic associations, and relevant findings are detailed with respect to their role within the host and pathogenicity to other animals.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Gastrointestinal Tract; Leeches; Symbiosis
PubMed: 22572874
DOI: 10.4161/gmic.20227 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Oct 2020The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria of fish and shellfish have caused serious concerns in the aquaculture industry, owing to the... (Review)
Review
The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria of fish and shellfish have caused serious concerns in the aquaculture industry, owing to the potential health risks to humans and animals. Among these bacteria, , which is one of the most important primary pathogens in salmonids, is responsible for significant economic losses in the global aquaculture industry, especially in salmonid farming because of its severe infectivity and acquisition of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, interest in the use of alternative approaches to prevent and control infections has increased in recent years, and several applications of bacteriophages (phages) have provided promising results. For several decades, and phages infecting this fish pathogen have been thoroughly investigated in various research areas including aquaculture. The general overview of phage usage to control bacterial diseases in aquaculture, including the general advantages of this strategy, has been clearly described in previous reviews. Therefore, this review specifically focuses on providing insights into the phages infecting , from basic research to biotechnological application in aquaculture, as well as recent advances in the study of .
Topics: Aeromonas salmonicida; Animals; Aquaculture; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriophages; Fish Diseases; Fishes
PubMed: 32807762
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2005.05040 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Apr 2011
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Humans
PubMed: 21720695
DOI: No ID Found -
Microbes and Infection Nov 1999Aeromonas species produce an array of virulence factors, and the pathogenesis of Aeromonas infections is therefore complex and multifactorial. Aeromonas-associated... (Review)
Review
Aeromonas species produce an array of virulence factors, and the pathogenesis of Aeromonas infections is therefore complex and multifactorial. Aeromonas-associated gastroenteritis is especially a problem in young children. The potential involvement of enterotoxins in the pathogenesis of Aeromonas infections is discussed.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Enterotoxins; Gastroenteritis; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Virulence
PubMed: 10572317
DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(99)00202-6