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Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Aug 2023In this study, the effects of Coriandrum sativum to control Aeromonas veronii infection in Oreochromis niloticus were determined. Coriandrum sativum extract (CE) was...
Therapeutic efficacy of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) enriched diets in Oreochromis niloticus: effect on hepatic-renal functions, the antioxidant-immune response and resistance to Aeromonas veronii.
In this study, the effects of Coriandrum sativum to control Aeromonas veronii infection in Oreochromis niloticus were determined. Coriandrum sativum extract (CE) was tested in vitro against A. veronii by the disc diffusion assay. In in vivo, 150 O. niloticus (from El-Abbassa, Sharkia, Egypt, weighing 34.95 ± 1.98 g) was distributed in five groups (with three replications) in glass aquariums (80 × 40 × 30 cm). The first group (control) was intraperitoneally injected with 0.2 ml of sterilized tryptic soya broth. Groups 2-5 were intraperitoneally challenged with 0.2 ml of A. veronii (4.3 × 10). The five groups were administered a basal diet until clinical signs appeared, and then therapeutic feeding (15 days) was followed: the first (CONT) and second (AV) groups were administered a normal basal diet. The third (AV+CP) and fourth (AV+CE) groups were administered diets supplemented with C. sativum powder and extract, respectively, each at 30 mg/kg. The fifth group (AV+OT) was administered a diet supplemented with oxytetracycline at 500 mg/kg diet. The results of the in vitro experiment revealed that CE has a zone of inhibition of 43 mm against A. veronii. The in vivo results showed that fish administered a therapeutic diet supplemented with CE showed a significant improvement in hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters, as well as antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05) and the pathological findings of the liver and kidney tissues. The current findings supported that the administration of a CE-enriched diet (30 mg/kg) is an eco-friendly strategy for controlling A. veronii in O. niloticus.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Aeromonas veronii; Coriandrum; Cichlids; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Disease Resistance; Kidney; Fish Diseases; Animal Feed; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 37438674
DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01220-6 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2020is one of the main pathogens causing various diseases in humans and animals. It is currently difficult to eradicate drug-resistant due to the biofilm formation by...
is one of the main pathogens causing various diseases in humans and animals. It is currently difficult to eradicate drug-resistant due to the biofilm formation by conventional antibiotic treatments. In this study, a marine peptide-N6NH and its analogs were generated by introducing Orn or replacing with D-amino acids, Val and Pro; their enzymic stability and antibacterial/antibiofilm ability against multi-drug resistant (MDR) ACCC61732 were detected in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The results showed that DN6NH more rapidly killed ACCC61732 and had higher stability in trypsin, simulated gastric/intestinal fluid, proteinase K, and mouse serum than the parent peptide-N6NH. DN6NH and other analogs significantly improved the ability of N6NH to penetrate the outer membrane of ACCC61732. DN6NH, N6PNH and V112N6NH protected mice from catheter-associated biofilm infection with MDR ACCC61732, superior to N6NH and CIP. DN6NH had more potent efficacy at a dose of 5 μmol/kg (100% survival) in a mouse peritonitis model than other analogs (50-66.67%) and CIP (83.33%), and it inhibited the bacterial translocation, downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokine, and ameliorated multiple-organ injuries (including the liver, spleen, lung, and kidney). These data suggest that the analogs of N6NH may be a candidate for novel antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents against MDR infections.
Topics: Aeromonas veronii; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Multiple Organ Failure; Skin Ulcer
PubMed: 33348848
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249637 -
Microbiological Research Sep 2021Bacillus amyloliquefaciens X030 (BaX030) has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against the fish pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii. To improve its...
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens X030 (BaX030) has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against the fish pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii. To improve its antibacterial effect, BaX030 was subjected to compound mutagenesis of atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) and nitrosoguanidine (NTG). The results showed that, compared with the original strain, the production of macrolactin A and oxydifficidin in mutated strain N-11 increased to 39 % and 268 %, respectively. The re-sequencing analysis suggested that there were SNPs and InDels in the gene clusters focused on the sucrose utilization pathway, glycolysis pathway and fatty acid synthesis pathway. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that strain N-11 became thin and long. The qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression of immune factors in the liver or kidney tissue of grass carp increased after feeding with N-11. H&E staining and protection experiments also showed that the mortality and surface symptoms of grass carp infected by the two pathogens were significantly reduced. The study identified a probiotic strain with potential application value in aquaculture production and provided a new strategy for the discovery of new strains with higher antibacterial biological activity.
Topics: Aeromonas hydrophila; Aeromonas veronii; Animals; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Carps; Fish Diseases; Microbial Interactions; Mutation; Probiotics
PubMed: 34139525
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126801 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022is a Gram-negative bacterium ubiquitously found in aquatic environments. It is a foodborne pathogen associated with diarrhea in humans and skin ulceration in fish. In...
is a Gram-negative bacterium ubiquitously found in aquatic environments. It is a foodborne pathogen associated with diarrhea in humans and skin ulceration in fish. In this study, we used whole genome sequencing to profile all antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence genes found in . strain SD/21-15 isolated from marine sediments in Denmark. To gain a better understanding of virulence and AMR genes found in several . strains, we included 24 whole genomes retrieved from the public databanks whose isolates originate from different host species and environmental samples from Asia, Europe, and North America. We also compared the virulence genes of strain SD/21-15 with . , . , and . reference strains. We detected pili, tap IV pili, and lateral flagella genes responsible for expression of motility and adherence proteins in all isolates. We also found , , and hemolysin genes in all isolates responsible for virulence in all isolates while the gene was not detected in all . isolates but was present in . . , and . reference strains. In addition, we detected and responsible for quorum sensing and biofilm formation as well as the ferric uptake regulator (), heme and siderophore genes responsible for iron acquisition in all . isolates. As for the secretory systems, we found all genes that form the T2SS in all isolates while only the , , , and genes that form parts of the T6SS were detected in some isolates. Presence of and β-lactamases as well as and genes in all isolates is suggestive that these genes were intrinsically encoded in the genomes of all . isolates. Finally, the presence of various transposases, integrases, recombinases, virulence, and AMR genes in the plasmids examined in this study is suggestive that . has the potential to transfer virulence and AMR genes to other bacteria. Overall, we anticipate these data will pave way for further studies on virulence mechanisms and the role of . in the spread of AMR genes.
PubMed: 36532448
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1022639 -
Journal of Microbiology (Seoul, Korea) Dec 2022Aeromonas veronii is a pathogen which can induce diseases in humans, animals and aquatic organisms, but its pathogenic mechanism and virulence factors are still elusive....
Aeromonas veronii is a pathogen which can induce diseases in humans, animals and aquatic organisms, but its pathogenic mechanism and virulence factors are still elusive. In this study, we successfully constructed a mutant strain (ΔascP) by homologous recombination. The results showed that the deletion of the ascP gene significantly down-regulated the expression of associated effector proteins in A. veronii compared to its wild type. The adhesive and invasive abilities of ΔascP to EPC cells were 0.82-fold lower in contrast to the wild strain. The toxicity of ΔascP to cells was decreased by about 2.91-fold (1 h) and 1.74-fold (2 h). Furthermore, the LD of the mutant strain of crucian carp was reduced by 19.94-fold, and the virulence was considerably attenuated. In contrast to the wild strain, the ΔascP content in the liver and spleen was considerably lower. The titers of serum cytokines (IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1β) in crucian carp after the infection of the ΔascP strain were considerably lower in contrast to the wild strain. Hence, the ascP gene is essential for the etiopathogenesis of A. veronii TH0426.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Aeromonas veronii; Virulence; Virulence Factors; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Fish Diseases; Carps
PubMed: 36355279
DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-2373-8 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021outbreaks in tilapia farming caused relatively high mortalities, and the bacteria was resistant to many kinds of antimicrobials used in Thailand aquaculture. According...
outbreaks in tilapia farming caused relatively high mortalities, and the bacteria was resistant to many kinds of antimicrobials used in Thailand aquaculture. According to the CLSI standard, the determination of antimicrobials efficacy has been limited to phenotypic analyses, and a genomics study is required. This research aimed to analyze the resistome of isolated from diseased tilapia in Chainat, Nong Khai, and Uttaradit provinces in Thailand. A total of 12 isolates of were identified based on the sequencing and then, the MIC values to eight antimicrobials (AMP, AML, GEN, ENR, OXO, OTC, SXT, and FFC) were determined. According to the MIC patterns, whole genome sequencing (WGS) of five representatives and resistome analysis were performed, including 15 genomes of isolated from freshwater fish available in the NCBI. All tilapia isolates were susceptible to FFC but resistant to AML and AMP while OTC resistance was the most dominant. In addition to the WGS analysis, 4.5 Mbp of was characterized. A total of 20 ARGs were detected by resistome analysis and 16 genes were shared among the population. In conclusion, strains isolated from tilapia exhibited a resistance to several antimicrobials and multidrug resistance (MDR) which was related to the presence of multiple ARGs. shared the ARGs in their population worldwide with a possibility of a plasmid-mediated acquisition due to the presence of resistance islands.
PubMed: 34603262
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.733668 -
Microorganisms Mar 2023Widespread and inappropriate use of antibiotics has been shown to increase the spread of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments...
Widespread and inappropriate use of antibiotics has been shown to increase the spread of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments and organisms. Antibiotic use for the treatment of human and animal diseases is increasing continuously globally. However, the effects of legal antibiotic concentrations on benthic consumers in freshwater environments remain unclear. In the present study, we tested the growth response of to florfenicol (FF) for 84 days under high and low concentrations of sediment organic matter (carbon [C] and nitrogen [N]). We characterized FF and sediment organic matter impact on the bacterial community, ARGs, and metabolic pathways in the intestine using metagenomic sequencing and analysis. The high concentrations of organic matter in the sediment impacted the growth, intestinal bacterial community, intestinal ARGs, and microbiome metabolic pathways of . growth increased significantly following exposure to high organic matter content sediment. Proteobacteria, at the phylum level, and at the genus level, were enriched in the intestines. In particular, fragments of four opportunistic pathogens enriched in the intestine of high organic matter content sediment groups, , , , and , carried 14 ARGs. The metabolic pathways of the intestine microbiome were activated and showed a significant positive correlation with sediment organic matter concentrations. In addition, genetic information processing and metabolic functions may be inhibited by the combined exposure to sediment C, N, and FF. The findings of the present study suggest that antibiotic resistance dissemination from benthic animals to the upper trophic levels in freshwater lakes should be studied further.
PubMed: 36985338
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030765 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Oct 2022The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a Jerusalem artichoke-supplemented diet on the blood chemistry, growth performance, intestinal morphology,...
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a Jerusalem artichoke-supplemented diet on the blood chemistry, growth performance, intestinal morphology, expression of antioxidant-related genes, and disease resistance against Aeromonas veronii challenge in juvenile red tilapia. A completely randomized design (CRD) was followed to feed red tilapias with three experimental diets: control, 5.0 g/kg JA-supplemented (JA5), or 10.0 g/kg JA-supplemented (JA10) diets in triplicates for 4 weeks. The results revealed that the growth performance, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and average daily gain (ADG) of fish fed diets JA5 and JA10 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of fish fed the control diet. Fish fed the control diet had significantly higher T-bilirubin, D-bilirubin, and ALT in blood serum than fish fed JA5 and JA10, as well as higher BUN than fish fed JA5. The number of goblet cells in the proximal and distal parts of the intestine revealed that the number of acid, neutral, and double-staining mucous cells of fish fed diets JA5 and JA10 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in fish fed the control diet. The diets including the prebiotic (JA5 and JA10) were associated with a significant increase in the expression of gpx1 and gst antioxidant-related genes and disease resistance against A. veronii in juvenile red tilapia. Therefore, JA5 and JA10 can be employed as promising prebiotics for sustainable red tilapia farming.
PubMed: 36290267
DOI: 10.3390/ani12202882 -
Veterinary World Aug 2021The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens has been increasingly reported, which has resulted in a decreasing ability to treat bacterial infections....
BACKGROUND AND AIM
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens has been increasingly reported, which has resulted in a decreasing ability to treat bacterial infections. Therefore, this study investigated the presence of spp., including its antibiotic resistance in various fish samples, spp., , and , obtained from Kelantan and Terengganu, Malaysia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this study, 221 fish samples, of which 108 ( spp., n=38; , n=35; and , n=35) were from Kelantan and 113 ( spp., n=38; , n=35; and , n=40) were from Terengganu, were caught using cast nets. Then, samples from their kidneys were cultured on a Rimler Shott agar to isolate spp. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm this isolation using specific gene primers for species identification. Subsequently, the isolates were tested for their sensitivity to 14 antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer method, after which the PCR was conducted again to detect resistance genes: , -, , , , -, and .
RESULTS
From the results, 61 isolates were identified as being from the genus using PCR, of which 28 were , 19 were , seven were , and seven were . Moreover, 8, 12, and 8 of ; 4, 3, and 12 of ; 6, 0, and 1 of ; and 3, 3, and 1 of were obtained from spp., , and , respectively. In addition, the isolates showed the highest level of resistance to ampicillin (100%), followed by streptomycin (59.0%), each kanamycin and nalidixic acid (41.0%), neomycin (36.1%), tetracycline (19.7%), sulfamethoxazole (14.8%), and oxytetracycline (13.1%). Resistance to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin both had the same percentage (9.8%), whereas isolates showed the lowest resistance to norfloxacin (8.2%) and doxycycline (1.6%). Notably, all isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin. Results also revealed that the multiple antibiotic resistances index of the isolates ranged from 0.07 to 0.64, suggesting that the farmed fish in these areas were introduced to the logged antibiotics indiscriminately and constantly during their cultivation stages. Results also revealed that the gene was detected in 19.7% of the isolates, whereas the tetracycline resistance genes, and , were detected in 27.9% and 4.9% of the isolates, respectively. However, β-lactam resistance genes, and , were found in 44.3% and 13.1% of isolates, respectively, whereas and genes were found in 3.3% and 13.1% of the isolates, respectively.
CONCLUSION
This study, therefore, calls for continuous surveillance of antibiotic-resistant spp. in cultured freshwater fish to aid disease management and better understand their implications to public health.
PubMed: 34566322
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2064-2072 -
Microorganisms Mar 2020According to recent literature, 95.4% of the strains associated with human clinical cases correspond to four species: , , and However, other less prevalent species...
According to recent literature, 95.4% of the strains associated with human clinical cases correspond to four species: , , and However, other less prevalent species such as are also described from clinical samples. Based on its low incidence, the latter species can be regarded as rare and it is the only species susceptible to ampicillin. From the taxonomic point of view, is considered a synonym of the species The objective of this study is to present a new clinical case associated with in order to increase the knowledge about this species The strain was recovered from the feces of a 69-year-old patient with a diarrheal syndrome and peritoneal psammocarcinoma. The preliminary identification as sp. was obtained with the API 20E, but it was characterized as and also as with different scores with the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF). Based on the sequence of the gene, it was confirmed to be . The antimicrobial resistance pattern showed that the strain was susceptible to ampicillin, penicillins in combination with beta-lactamase inhibitors, quinolones, carbapenems, aminoglycosides and cephalosporins, except cephalothin. In conclusion, the recognition of an strain susceptible to ampicillin should alert the clinical microbiologist of the possible involvement of this rare species. Furthermore, the MALDI-TOF database should be updated indicating that the species , is a synonym of .
PubMed: 32178464
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030399