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Journal of Oral Science Jan 2022The aim of this study was to use dye penetration to measure apical and coronal leakage simultaneously in single-canal teeth that had been treated endodontically using a... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to use dye penetration to measure apical and coronal leakage simultaneously in single-canal teeth that had been treated endodontically using a single-cone obturation technique.
METHODS
One hundred single-canal, extracted human teeth were cleaned and shaped with ProTaper NEXT rotary files to size-X5 (50/.06), then randomly assigned to five sealer groups for single-cone gutta-percha obturation. The teeth were soaked in 0.6% rhodamine B at 37°C for seven days, then the roots were ground mesiodistally and the maximum apical and coronal dye penetration was measured. Differences in leakage among the sealer groups were examined using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Pairwise comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction.
RESULTS
The mean values (mm) of dye penetration for AH Plus, Pulp Canal Sealer, NeoSEALER Flo, EndoSequence BC, and Super-Bond RC Sealer were 0.200, 0.300, 0.675, 0.850, and 0.900 apically, whereas 1.675, 2.075, 4.800, 6.500, and 4.125 coronally. Pairwise comparisons showed significant apical differences between AH Plus/Super-Bond RC Sealer (P = 0.047) and significant coronal differences between AH Plus/NeoSEALER Flo (P = 0.001), AH Plus/EndoSequence BC (P < 0.01), AH Plus/Super-Bond RC Sealer (P < 0.01), Pulp Canal Sealer/NeoSEALER Flo (P = 0.010), Pulp Canal Sealer/EndoSequence BC (P < 0.01), and Pulp Canal Sealer/Super-Bond RC Sealer (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Coronal leakage was worse than apical leakage for all sealers. AH Plus exhibited the least leakage apically and coronally; Super-Bond RC Sealer showed the most leakage apically, and EndoSequence BC showed the most leakage coronally.
Topics: Dental Pulp Cavity; Epoxy Resins; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation
PubMed: 34980828
DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0433 -
International Dental Journal Sep 2019The following consensus report is based on four background reviews (Keeve et al., Implant Dent 2019 28(2): 177-186; Ramanauskaite et al., Implant Dent 2019 28(2):... (Review)
Review
The following consensus report is based on four background reviews (Keeve et al., Implant Dent 2019 28(2): 177-186; Ramanauskaite et al., Implant Dent 2019 28(2): 187-209; Koo et al., Implant Dent 2019 28(2): 173-176; Sculean et al., Implant Dent 2019 210-216). The surgical treatment of peri-implantitis is indicated in the cases where the first choice of treatment, the non-surgical one, failed with recurrence of bleeding and suppuration. The aim of this review was to systematically screen the literature for possible surface decontamination techniques and material during surgical treatment, the surgical regenerative and non-regenerative treatments of peri-implantitis, radiological and clinical outcomes, the importance of the presence of fixed and or keratinised peri-implant gingiva, and to determine predictable therapeutic options for the clinical surgical management of peri-implantitis lesions. Existent clinical, radiographic and microbiological data do not favour any decontamination approaches and fail to show the influence of a particular decontamination protocol on surgical therapy. Using implantoplasty in surgical non-regenerative treatment leads to a significant decrease in bleeding on probing and probing depth, and may result in improvement of clinical and radiographic parameters, up to 3 years after surgery compared with mechanical debridement alone. Surgical augmentative peri-implantitis therapy resulted in improved clinical and radiographic treatment outcomes compared with the baseline in the majority of studies with 6 months to 7-10 years of follow-up. There is no evidence to support the superiority of a specific material, product or membrane in terms of long-term clinical benefits. The best treatment modality to improve the width of keratinised attached mucosa and bleeding and plaque scores, and to sustain the peri-implant marginal bone level, is the use of an apically positioned flap combined with a free gingival graft.
Topics: Consensus; Dental Implants; Gingiva; Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Periodontal Index; Surgical Flaps
PubMed: 31478576
DOI: 10.1111/idj.12505 -
Dental and Medical Problems 2022The biophysical properties of root canal sealers (RCSs) positively affect the success of endodontic treatment. It is important to ensure an impermeable apical seal after...
BACKGROUND
The biophysical properties of root canal sealers (RCSs) positively affect the success of endodontic treatment. It is important to ensure an impermeable apical seal after the thorough eradication of the infection. Since bioceramic sealers release bioactive and concomitantly biocompatible products after setting, chemical bonding to dentin and favorable healing is achieved.
OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated the chemical composition and elemental distribution of 4 RCSs (1 resinbased and 3 bioceramic-based) by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and elemental mapping after root canal obturation, both coronally and apically.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Forty extracted single-rooted teeth were shaped, cleaned and randomly divided into 4 groups according to the type of sealer used for obturation. After the sealer set, the teeth were sectioned horizontally to obtain coronal and apical standardized sections. The sections were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed in terms of chemical composition of the tested sealers, using SEM images and elemental mapping as well as the EDX analysis.
RESULTS
All of the calcium silicate sealers showed significantly higher peaks of calcium at the periphery of the root canals, contacting dentinal moisture, and high peaks of zirconium, while tungsten was significantly high in AH Plus™. TotalFill® BC™ and BioRoot™ RCS showed higher calcium, oxygen and silicon content coronally than apically, while phosphorus was only detected more apically, which was different for EndoSeal® MTA. All sealers revealed small amounts of different heavy metals, not described by their manufacturers, and a uniform particle distribution with almost regular surfaces.
CONCLUSIONS
All of the tested sealers except AH Plus revealed high calcium/phosphorus ratio peaks, suggesting regenerative potential in vivo, with acceptable purity and surface texture, and supporting their biocompatibility, with chemical bonding to root dentin.
Topics: Epoxy Resins; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Tooth Root
PubMed: 35254010
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/133954 -
European Archives of Paediatric... Jun 2021To evaluate and assess the current knowledge about apexification and regenerative techniques as a meaningful treatment modality and to map the scientific evidence for...
PURPOSE
To evaluate and assess the current knowledge about apexification and regenerative techniques as a meaningful treatment modality and to map the scientific evidence for the efficacy of both methods for the management of traumatised immature teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis.
METHODS
This systematic review searched five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ovid (Medline), and Embase. Published articles written in English were considered for inclusion. The following keywords were used: Regenerative endodontic treatment OR regenerat* OR revital* OR endodontic regeneration OR regenerative endodontics OR pulp revascularization OR revasculari* OR 'traumatized immature teeth'. Only peer-reviewed studies with a study size of at least 20 cases followed up for 24 months were included. Eligibility assessment was performed independently in a blinded manner by three reviewers and disagreements were resolved by consensus. Subgroup analyses were performed on three clinical outcomes: survival, success, and continued root development.
RESULTS
Seven full texts out of 1359 citations were included and conventional content analysis was performed. Most of the identified citations were case reports and case series.
CONCLUSIONS
In the present systematic review, the qualitative analysis revealed that both regenerative and apexification techniques had equal rates of success and survival and proved to be effective in the treatment of immature necrotic permanent teeth. Endodontic regenerative techniques appear to be superior to apexification techniques in terms of stimulation of root maturation, i.e. root wall thickening and root lengthening. Knowledge gaps were identified regarding the treatment and follow-up protocols for both techniques.
Topics: Apexification; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Dentition, Permanent; Humans; Periapical Periodontitis; Root Canal Therapy
PubMed: 33420674
DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00575-1 -
Nature Communications Apr 2020Human stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) offer an attractive platform to study liver biology. Despite their numerous advantages, HLCs lack critical in vivo...
Human stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) offer an attractive platform to study liver biology. Despite their numerous advantages, HLCs lack critical in vivo characteristics, including cell polarity. Here, we report a stem cell differentiation protocol that uses transwell filters to generate columnar polarized HLCs with clearly defined basolateral and apical membranes separated by tight junctions. We show that polarized HLCs secrete cargo directionally: Albumin, urea, and lipoproteins are secreted basolaterally, whereas bile acids are secreted apically. Further, we show that enterically transmitted hepatitis E virus (HEV) progeny particles are secreted basolaterally as quasi-enveloped particles and apically as naked virions, recapitulating essential steps of the natural infectious cycle in vivo. We also provide proof-of-concept that polarized HLCs can be used for pharmacokinetic and drug-drug interaction studies. This novel system provides a powerful tool to study hepatocyte biology, disease mechanisms, genetic variation, and drug metabolism in a more physiologically relevant setting.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Polarity; Cells, Cultured; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Interactions; Hepatitis A Virus, Human; Hepatitis E virus; Hepatocytes; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Liver; Membrane Transport Proteins; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Proof of Concept Study; Virion; Virus Release; Virus Replication
PubMed: 32245952
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15337-2 -
Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics =... Jan 2021The amount of apical root resorption when using the torque-segmented archwire (TSA) was investigated as well as the extent and direction of the therapeutically indicated...
OBJECTIVE
The amount of apical root resorption when using the torque-segmented archwire (TSA) was investigated as well as the extent and direction of the therapeutically indicated apical movement and the treatment duration.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The degree of apical root resorption in 18 randomly chosen Class II and Class I patients treated with the TSA, as well as in 18 conventionally treated patients were evaluated using pre- and posttreatment panoramic radiographs. The sagittal and vertical apical movements and inclination changes were determined based on pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms. Nonparametric tests were applied to test between treatment groups and steps. The Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson correlation and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were applied for statistical analysis (p < 0.05).
RESULTS
The incidence of root resorptions was 89-94.4% in low or moderate level. The relative root-crown ratio (rRCR) was not statistically different between the TSA and control groups except tooth 12. The axis of the incisors in the TSA group was significantly improved. The main direction of movement of the apices of the central incisors was retrusion and extrusion. No interdependence between the amount of resorption and the parameters of treatment duration, extent and direction of apical movement were found.
CONCLUSION
The results of the study showed that the amount of apical root resorption with the TSA is slight to moderate and can be compared to conventional orthodontic treatment. The TSA is hence a suitable method for applying targeted torques to the incisors.
Topics: Humans; Root Resorption; Stainless Steel; Tooth Apex; Tooth Movement Techniques; Torque
PubMed: 32875350
DOI: 10.1007/s00056-020-00244-4 -
Molecular Biology of the Cell May 2021The formation of an epithelial tube is a fundamental process for organogenesis. During embryonic salivary gland (SG) invagination, Folded gastrulation (Fog)-dependent...
The formation of an epithelial tube is a fundamental process for organogenesis. During embryonic salivary gland (SG) invagination, Folded gastrulation (Fog)-dependent Rho-associated kinase (Rok) promotes contractile apical myosin formation to drive apical constriction. Microtubules (MTs) are also crucial for this process and are required for forming and maintaining apicomedial myosin. However, the underlying mechanism that coordinates actomyosin and MT networks still remains elusive. Here, we show that MT-dependent intracellular trafficking regulates apical constriction during SG invagination. Key components involved in protein trafficking, such as Rab11 and Nuclear fallout (Nuf), are apically enriched near the SG invagination pit in a MT-dependent manner. Disruption of the MT networks or knockdown of impairs apicomedial myosin formation and apical constriction. We show that MTs and Rab11 are required for apical enrichment of the Fog ligand and the continuous distribution of the apical determinant protein Crumbs (Crb) and the key adherens junction protein E-Cadherin (E-Cad) along junctions. Targeted knockdown of or in the SG disrupts apical myosin networks and results in apical constriction defects. Our data suggest a role of MT- and Rab11-dependent intracellular trafficking in regulating actomyosin networks and cell junctions to coordinate cell behaviors during tubular organ formation.
Topics: Actin Cytoskeleton; Actomyosin; Animals; Biological Transport; Cadherins; Drosophila; Drosophila Proteins; Dyneins; Gastrulation; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Intercellular Junctions; Microtubules; Myosins; Nuclear Proteins; Salivary Glands; rab GTP-Binding Proteins
PubMed: 33788621
DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E21-01-0021 -
Circulation Research Feb 2024Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain bioactive cargo including miRNAs and proteins that are released by cells during cell-cell communication. Endothelial cells (ECs)...
BACKGROUND
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain bioactive cargo including miRNAs and proteins that are released by cells during cell-cell communication. Endothelial cells (ECs) form the innermost lining of all blood vessels, interfacing with cells in the circulation and vascular wall. It is unknown whether ECs release EVs capable of governing recipient cells within these 2 separate compartments. Given their boundary location, we propose ECs use bidirectional release of distinct EV cargo in quiescent (healthy) and activated (atheroprone) states to communicate with cells within the circulation and blood vessel wall.
METHODS
EVs were isolated from primary human aortic ECs (plate and transwell grown; ±IL [interleukin]-1β activation), quantified, visualized, and analyzed by miRNA transcriptomics and proteomics. Apical and basolateral EC-EV release was determined by miRNA transfer, total internal reflection fluorescence and electron microscopy. Vascular reprogramming (RNA sequencing) and functional assays were performed on primary human monocytes or smooth muscle cells±EC-EVs.
RESULTS
Activated ECs increased EV release, with miRNA and protein cargo related to atherosclerosis. EV-treated monocytes and smooth muscle cells revealed activated EC-EV altered pathways that were proinflammatory and atherogenic. ECs released more EVs apically, which increased with activation. Apical and basolateral EV cargo contained distinct transcriptomes and proteomes that were altered by EC activation. Notably, activated basolateral EC-EVs displayed greater changes in the EV secretome, with pathways specific to atherosclerosis. In silico analysis determined compartment-specific cargo released by the apical and basolateral surfaces of ECs can reprogram monocytes and smooth muscle cells, respectively, with functional assays and in vivo imaging supporting this concept.
CONCLUSIONS
Demonstrating that ECs are capable of polarized EV cargo loading and directional EV secretion reveals a novel paradigm for endothelial communication, which may ultimately enhance the design of endothelial-based therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis where ECs are persistently activated.
Topics: Humans; Endothelial Cells; MicroRNAs; Extracellular Vesicles; Cell Communication; Atherosclerosis
PubMed: 38174557
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.123.322993