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Journal of Oral Science Jan 2022The aim of this study was to use dye penetration to measure apical and coronal leakage simultaneously in single-canal teeth that had been treated endodontically using a... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to use dye penetration to measure apical and coronal leakage simultaneously in single-canal teeth that had been treated endodontically using a single-cone obturation technique.
METHODS
One hundred single-canal, extracted human teeth were cleaned and shaped with ProTaper NEXT rotary files to size-X5 (50/.06), then randomly assigned to five sealer groups for single-cone gutta-percha obturation. The teeth were soaked in 0.6% rhodamine B at 37°C for seven days, then the roots were ground mesiodistally and the maximum apical and coronal dye penetration was measured. Differences in leakage among the sealer groups were examined using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Pairwise comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction.
RESULTS
The mean values (mm) of dye penetration for AH Plus, Pulp Canal Sealer, NeoSEALER Flo, EndoSequence BC, and Super-Bond RC Sealer were 0.200, 0.300, 0.675, 0.850, and 0.900 apically, whereas 1.675, 2.075, 4.800, 6.500, and 4.125 coronally. Pairwise comparisons showed significant apical differences between AH Plus/Super-Bond RC Sealer (P = 0.047) and significant coronal differences between AH Plus/NeoSEALER Flo (P = 0.001), AH Plus/EndoSequence BC (P < 0.01), AH Plus/Super-Bond RC Sealer (P < 0.01), Pulp Canal Sealer/NeoSEALER Flo (P = 0.010), Pulp Canal Sealer/EndoSequence BC (P < 0.01), and Pulp Canal Sealer/Super-Bond RC Sealer (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Coronal leakage was worse than apical leakage for all sealers. AH Plus exhibited the least leakage apically and coronally; Super-Bond RC Sealer showed the most leakage apically, and EndoSequence BC showed the most leakage coronally.
Topics: Dental Pulp Cavity; Epoxy Resins; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation
PubMed: 34980828
DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0433 -
Dental and Medical Problems 2022The biophysical properties of root canal sealers (RCSs) positively affect the success of endodontic treatment. It is important to ensure an impermeable apical seal after...
BACKGROUND
The biophysical properties of root canal sealers (RCSs) positively affect the success of endodontic treatment. It is important to ensure an impermeable apical seal after the thorough eradication of the infection. Since bioceramic sealers release bioactive and concomitantly biocompatible products after setting, chemical bonding to dentin and favorable healing is achieved.
OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated the chemical composition and elemental distribution of 4 RCSs (1 resinbased and 3 bioceramic-based) by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and elemental mapping after root canal obturation, both coronally and apically.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Forty extracted single-rooted teeth were shaped, cleaned and randomly divided into 4 groups according to the type of sealer used for obturation. After the sealer set, the teeth were sectioned horizontally to obtain coronal and apical standardized sections. The sections were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed in terms of chemical composition of the tested sealers, using SEM images and elemental mapping as well as the EDX analysis.
RESULTS
All of the calcium silicate sealers showed significantly higher peaks of calcium at the periphery of the root canals, contacting dentinal moisture, and high peaks of zirconium, while tungsten was significantly high in AH Plus™. TotalFill® BC™ and BioRoot™ RCS showed higher calcium, oxygen and silicon content coronally than apically, while phosphorus was only detected more apically, which was different for EndoSeal® MTA. All sealers revealed small amounts of different heavy metals, not described by their manufacturers, and a uniform particle distribution with almost regular surfaces.
CONCLUSIONS
All of the tested sealers except AH Plus revealed high calcium/phosphorus ratio peaks, suggesting regenerative potential in vivo, with acceptable purity and surface texture, and supporting their biocompatibility, with chemical bonding to root dentin.
Topics: Epoxy Resins; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Tooth Root
PubMed: 35254010
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/133954 -
Cell Reports Feb 2019Human enteroids-epithelial spheroids derived from primary gastrointestinal tissue-are a promising model to study pathogen-epithelial interactions. However, accessing the...
Human enteroids-epithelial spheroids derived from primary gastrointestinal tissue-are a promising model to study pathogen-epithelial interactions. However, accessing the apical enteroid surface is challenging because it is enclosed within the spheroid. We developed a technique to reverse enteroid polarity such that the apical surface everts to face the media. Apical-out enteroids maintain proper polarity and barrier function, differentiate into the major intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) types, and exhibit polarized absorption of nutrients. We used this model to study host-pathogen interactions and identified distinct polarity-specific patterns of infection by invasive enteropathogens. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium targets IEC apical surfaces for invasion via cytoskeletal rearrangements, and Listeria monocytogenes, which binds to basolateral receptors, invade apical surfaces at sites of cell extrusion. Despite different modes of entry, both pathogens exit the epithelium within apically extruding enteroid cells. This model will enable further examination of IECs in health and disease.
Topics: Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Polarity; Epithelial Cells; Fatty Acids; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Listeria monocytogenes; Models, Biological; Salmonella typhimurium; Spheroids, Cellular
PubMed: 30811997
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.108 -
Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics =... Jan 2021The amount of apical root resorption when using the torque-segmented archwire (TSA) was investigated as well as the extent and direction of the therapeutically indicated...
OBJECTIVE
The amount of apical root resorption when using the torque-segmented archwire (TSA) was investigated as well as the extent and direction of the therapeutically indicated apical movement and the treatment duration.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The degree of apical root resorption in 18 randomly chosen Class II and Class I patients treated with the TSA, as well as in 18 conventionally treated patients were evaluated using pre- and posttreatment panoramic radiographs. The sagittal and vertical apical movements and inclination changes were determined based on pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms. Nonparametric tests were applied to test between treatment groups and steps. The Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson correlation and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were applied for statistical analysis (p < 0.05).
RESULTS
The incidence of root resorptions was 89-94.4% in low or moderate level. The relative root-crown ratio (rRCR) was not statistically different between the TSA and control groups except tooth 12. The axis of the incisors in the TSA group was significantly improved. The main direction of movement of the apices of the central incisors was retrusion and extrusion. No interdependence between the amount of resorption and the parameters of treatment duration, extent and direction of apical movement were found.
CONCLUSION
The results of the study showed that the amount of apical root resorption with the TSA is slight to moderate and can be compared to conventional orthodontic treatment. The TSA is hence a suitable method for applying targeted torques to the incisors.
Topics: Humans; Root Resorption; Stainless Steel; Tooth Apex; Tooth Movement Techniques; Torque
PubMed: 32875350
DOI: 10.1007/s00056-020-00244-4 -
Current Opinion in Cell Biology Oct 2018Cell extrusion drives most epithelial cell death while maintaining a functional epithelial barrier. To extrude, a cell produces a lipid signal that triggers the... (Review)
Review
Cell extrusion drives most epithelial cell death while maintaining a functional epithelial barrier. To extrude, a cell produces a lipid signal that triggers the neighboring cells to reorganize actin and myosin basally to squeeze the extruding cell out apically from the barrier. More studies continue to reveal other signals and mechanisms controlling apical extrusion. New developmental studies are uncovering mechanisms controlling basal extrusion, or ingression, which occurs when apical extrusion is defective or during de-differentiation in development. Here, we review recent advances in epithelial extrusion, focusing particularly on forces exerted upon extruding cells and their various later fates ranging from cell death, normal development, and cancer.
Topics: Actins; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Disease; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Myosins; Nervous System
PubMed: 29727745
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.04.007 -
Molecular Biology of the Cell May 2021The formation of an epithelial tube is a fundamental process for organogenesis. During embryonic salivary gland (SG) invagination, Folded gastrulation (Fog)-dependent...
The formation of an epithelial tube is a fundamental process for organogenesis. During embryonic salivary gland (SG) invagination, Folded gastrulation (Fog)-dependent Rho-associated kinase (Rok) promotes contractile apical myosin formation to drive apical constriction. Microtubules (MTs) are also crucial for this process and are required for forming and maintaining apicomedial myosin. However, the underlying mechanism that coordinates actomyosin and MT networks still remains elusive. Here, we show that MT-dependent intracellular trafficking regulates apical constriction during SG invagination. Key components involved in protein trafficking, such as Rab11 and Nuclear fallout (Nuf), are apically enriched near the SG invagination pit in a MT-dependent manner. Disruption of the MT networks or knockdown of impairs apicomedial myosin formation and apical constriction. We show that MTs and Rab11 are required for apical enrichment of the Fog ligand and the continuous distribution of the apical determinant protein Crumbs (Crb) and the key adherens junction protein E-Cadherin (E-Cad) along junctions. Targeted knockdown of or in the SG disrupts apical myosin networks and results in apical constriction defects. Our data suggest a role of MT- and Rab11-dependent intracellular trafficking in regulating actomyosin networks and cell junctions to coordinate cell behaviors during tubular organ formation.
Topics: Actin Cytoskeleton; Actomyosin; Animals; Biological Transport; Cadherins; Drosophila; Drosophila Proteins; Dyneins; Gastrulation; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Intercellular Junctions; Microtubules; Myosins; Nuclear Proteins; Salivary Glands; rab GTP-Binding Proteins
PubMed: 33788621
DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E21-01-0021 -
European Endodontic Journal Apr 2021Apical fenestration describes a window-like opening of the alveolar bone that involves the root apex of the associated tooth. Mucosal fenestration is a similar defect of... (Review)
Review
Apical fenestration describes a window-like opening of the alveolar bone that involves the root apex of the associated tooth. Mucosal fenestration is a similar defect of the overlying mucosa and, when presented with a concomitant apical fenestration, may expose the root apex to the oral environment. A fenestration may arise from physiological and pathological processes. Although its presence does not necessitate treatment per se, these lesions have significant clinical implications when associated with endodontic diseases. Apical fenestrations associated with endodontic infections are relatively uncommon and can easily be overlooked or misdiagnosed. A thorough understanding of these lesions is key for timely diagnosis and successful management. The aim of this study was to review the epidemiology, aetiological factors, characteristics, management methods and potential outcomes of apical fenestrations associated with endodontic diseases. A search of online databases for relevant studies was conducted. With the inclusion of hand searched articles, 20 articles, consisting of case reports and series, were identified, and the key characteristics of each case were summarised. Apical fenestrations were found to be most commonly associated with maxillary teeth and almost always occur on the buccal aspect of the alveolar bone. Clinicians may consider the possibility of an apical fenestration with concurrent endodontic pathology when patients present with non-healing sinus tracts, exposed tooth apices and/or persistent pain after endodontic treatment, particularly on palpation and mastication. Clinical signs and symptoms can vary, hence cone-beam computed tomography is an important tool for diagnosis. The management involves surgically restoring a favourable anatomical configuration of the root apex in relation to the alveolar bony housing and may be combined with guided tissue regeneration and/or grafting procedures. Sloughing, reopening and infection are potential complications. The literature on apical fenestrations associated with endodontic diseases is limited, thus further research is needed to develop evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and management of these lesions.
Topics: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Dental Pulp Diseases; Guided Tissue Regeneration; Humans; Tooth Apex
PubMed: 33609018
DOI: 10.14744/eej.2020.51422 -
Journal of Cell Science Dec 2009In the early days of epithelial cell biology, researchers working with kidney and/or intestinal epithelial cell lines and with hepatocytes described the biosynthetic and... (Review)
Review
In the early days of epithelial cell biology, researchers working with kidney and/or intestinal epithelial cell lines and with hepatocytes described the biosynthetic and recycling routes followed by apical and basolateral plasma membrane (PM) proteins. They identified the trans-Golgi network and recycling endosomes as the compartments that carried out apical-basolateral sorting. They described complex apical sorting signals that promoted association with lipid rafts, and simpler basolateral sorting signals resembling clathrin-coated-pit endocytic motifs. They also noticed that different epithelial cell types routed their apical PM proteins very differently, using either a vectorial (direct) route or a transcytotic (indirect) route. Although these original observations have generally held up, recent studies have revealed interesting complexities in the routes taken by apically destined proteins and have extended our understanding of the machinery required to sustain these elaborate sorting pathways. Here, we critically review the current status of apical trafficking mechanisms and discuss a model in which clustering is required to recruit apical trafficking machineries. Uncovering the mechanisms responsible for polarized trafficking and their epithelial-specific variations will help understand how epithelial functional diversity is generated and the pathogenesis of many human diseases.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Polarity; Endosomes; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Microtubules; Models, Biological; trans-Golgi Network
PubMed: 19923269
DOI: 10.1242/jcs.032615 -
Journal of International Society of... 2018To evaluate the apical fill in relation to apical leakage using three different obturating techniques - Single Cone, Ultrafil 3D, and lateral condensation.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the apical fill in relation to apical leakage using three different obturating techniques - Single Cone, Ultrafil 3D, and lateral condensation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixty-six mandibular single-rooted premolar teeth were selected and were randomly assigned into three different groups of obturating techniques. The canals were prepared using 0.4/25 HyFlex CM (Coltene Endo) rotary system file and obturated with corresponding HyFlex CM Single Cone, Ultrafil 3D injectable technique, and lateral condensation. AH Plus (Dentsply, Detrey) has been used as the sealer. Twenty teeth each were assigned to the three experimental groups, and six teeth were used as positive and negative controls (3 in each group). Fluid filtration technique was used to determine the amount of apical leakage. The evaluation was done for 8 min at the interval of every 2 min. The same teeth were sectioned and a spectroscopic examination was done at 2 mm and 4 mm distance from the apices. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance test followed by turkeys test for multiple comparisons.
RESULTS
The mean apical leakage was maximum for lateral condensation when compared to the Single Cone and Ultrafil 3D. The amount of apical fill at 2 mm and at 4 mm was found to be more in the Single Cone than the other two techniques.
CONCLUSION
The present study concluded that Single Cone obturation technique exhibited more gutta-percha filled area in the canal which led to decreased apical leakage than Ultrafil 3D and lateral condensation techniques, proving to be more effective in achieving a complete three-dimensional apical seal.
PubMed: 30596040
DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_436_17