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Nutrients Aug 2021The administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics is often associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), and impacts gastrointestinal tract homeostasis, as... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics is often associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), and impacts gastrointestinal tract homeostasis, as evidenced by the following: (a) an overall reduction in both the numbers and diversity of the gut microbiota, and (b) decreased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Evidence in humans that probiotics may enhance the recovery of microbiota populations after antibiotic treatment is equivocal, and few studies have addressed if probiotics improve the recovery of microbial metabolic function. Our aim was to determine if subsp. BB-12 (BB-12)-containing yogurt could protect against antibiotic-induced fecal SCFA and microbiota composition disruptions. We conducted a randomized, allocation-concealed, controlled trial of amoxicillin/clavulanate administration (days 1-7), in conjunction with either BB-12-containing or control yogurt (days 1-14). We measured the fecal levels of SCFAs and bacterial composition at baseline and days 7, 14, 21, and 30. Forty-two participants were randomly assigned to the BB-12 group, and 20 participants to the control group. Antibiotic treatment suppressed the fecal acetate levels in both the control and probiotic groups. Following the cessation of antibiotics, the fecal acetate levels in the probiotic group increased over the remainder of the study and returned to the baseline levels on day 30 (-1.6% baseline), whereas, in the control group, the acetate levels remained suppressed. Further, antibiotic treatment reduced the Shannon diversity of the gut microbiota, for all the study participants at day 7. The magnitude of this change was larger and more sustained in the control group compared to the probiotic group, which is consistent with the hypothesis that BB-12 enhanced microbiota recovery. There were no significant baseline clinical differences between the two groups. Concurrent administration of amoxicillin/clavulanate and BB-12 yogurt, to healthy subjects, was associated with a significantly smaller decrease in the fecal SCFA levels and a more stable taxonomic profile of the microbiota over time than the control group.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bifidobacterium animalis; Colon; Diarrhea; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Middle Aged; Probiotics; Yogurt; Young Adult
PubMed: 34444974
DOI: 10.3390/nu13082814 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023The consumption of probiotics may influence children's gut microbiome and metabolome, which may reflect shifts in gut microbial diversity composition and metabolism....
INTRODUCTION
The consumption of probiotics may influence children's gut microbiome and metabolome, which may reflect shifts in gut microbial diversity composition and metabolism. These potential changes might have a beneficial impact on health. However, there is a lack of evidence investigating the effect of probiotics on the gut microbiome and metabolome of children. We aimed to examine the potential impact of a two ( and ; S2) three (S2 + subsp strain BB-12) strain-supplemented yogurt.
METHODS
Included in this study were 59 participants, aged one to five years old, recruited to phase I of a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Fecal samples were collected at baseline, after the intervention, and at twenty days post-intervention discontinuation, and untargeted metabolomics and shotgun metagenomics were performed.
RESULTS
Shotgun metagenomics and metabolomic analyses showed no global changes in either intervention group's gut microbiome alpha or beta diversity indices, except for a lower microbial diversity in the S2 + BB12 group at Day 30. The relative abundance of the two and three intervention bacteria increased in the S2 and S2 + BB12 groups, respectively, from Day 0 to Day 10. In the S2 + BB12 group, the abundance of several fecal metabolites increased at Day 10, including alanine, glycine, lysine, phenylalanine, serine, and valine. These fecal metabolite changes did not occur in the S2 group.
DISCUSSION
In conclusion, there were were no significant differences in the global metagenomic or metabolomic profiles between healthy children receiving two (S2) three (S2 + BB12) probiotic strains for 10 days. Nevertheless, we observed a significant increase (Day 0 to Day 10) in the relative abundance of the two and three probiotics administered in the S2 and S2 + BB12 groups, respectively, indicating the intervention had a measurable impact on the bacteria of interest in the gut microbiome. Future research using longer probiotic intervention durations and in children at risk for gastrointestinal disorders may elucidate if functional metabolite changes confer a protective gastrointestinal effect.
PubMed: 37333640
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1165771 -
Microorganisms Nov 2022In this study, we investigated the effect of three different probiotics, namely, a combination of and subsp. , , and on myocardial infarct size in rats with...
In this study, we investigated the effect of three different probiotics, namely, a combination of and subsp. , , and on myocardial infarct size in rats with diet-induced obesity (DIO) and chemically-induced colitis (CIC). Potential associations between the effects of probiotics on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and gut microbiome patterns as well as the serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, and short chain fatty acids were also studied. Intragastric administration of lyophilized and subsp. at a dose of 1.2 × 10 CFU/mL for 15 days resulted in myocardial infarct size reduction in rats with DIO, CIC, and antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. This cardioprotective effect was associated with specific changes in cytokine concentrations, namely reduced levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-8. At the same time, the use of and subsp. was accompanied by a significant reduction in lipopolysaccharide level, suggesting normalization of intestinal epithelial barrier permeability. However, the cardioprotective effect of and subsp. is not secondary to improved healing of the intestinal mucosa in CIC, as evidenced by the lack of difference in histopathological scores.
PubMed: 36422363
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112293 -
Microorganisms Nov 2022Skin photoaging, which causes wrinkles, increased epidermal thickness, and rough skin texture, is induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. These symptoms by skin...
Skin photoaging, which causes wrinkles, increased epidermal thickness, and rough skin texture, is induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. These symptoms by skin photoaging have been reported to be involved in the reduction of collagen by the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). This study investigated the protective effects of MG741 ( MG741) in Hs-68 fibroblasts and hairless mice (HR-1) following UVB exposure. We demonstrated that the MG741 reduces wrinkles and skin thickness by downregulating MMP-1 and MMP-3, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-FOS in fibroblasts and HR-1. Additionally, in UVB-irradiated dorsal skin of HR-1, MG741 inhibits the expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), an inflammation-related factor. Thus, MG741 has the potential to prevent wrinkles and skin inflammation by modulating skin photoaging markers.
PubMed: 36557596
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122343 -
Medicine Nov 2022Probiotics had been used to decreased bilirubin level in neonatal jaundice (NJ) without being further studied mechanism and stratification. The intestinal pathogen... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Adjuvant probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9 improve phototherapeutic treatment outcomes in neonatal jaundice among full-term newborns: A randomized double-blind clinical study.
BACKGROUND
Probiotics had been used to decreased bilirubin level in neonatal jaundice (NJ) without being further studied mechanism and stratification. The intestinal pathogen Escherichia coli produced β-glucuronidase would increase enterohepatic circulation and elevate serum bilirubin levels (SBLs) which might worsen the disease process of NJ.
STUDY OBJECTIVE
We hypothesized that some probiotics could decrease bilirubin level through inhibiting the growth of E. coli. It's assumed that adjuvant probiotic intervention might accelerate the phototherapy for NJ and alleviate the severity of the NJ. Besides, it's further study the efficacy of the probiotic intervention in NJ among the full-term and preterm newborns.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Firstly, the Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9 was screened for its anti-E. coli activity. Then, it was orally administered to newborns with NJ in combination with conventional phototherapy (wavelength 425-457 nm) to determine its efficacy. 83 neonatal patients whose serum bilirubinemia was at a concentration of ≥ 15 mg/dL were participated the double-blind randomized trial and conducted in the neonatal ward of China Medical University Children's Hospital (CMUCH, Taichung, Taiwan). The test was conducted in 2 groups: experimental group: phototherapy + B. animalis subsp. lactis CP-9 (n = 43; 5 × 109 CFU/capsule) and control group: phototherapy + placebo (n = 40). The SBL and total phototherapy duration were measured.
RESULTS
The experimental group showed improved serum bilirubin decline rate (-0.16 ± 0.02 mg/dL/h; P = .009, 95% CI -0.12 to -0.2), particularly in the first 24 hour of in-hospital care, and reduced total phototherapy duration (44.82 ± 3.23 h; P = .011, 95% CI: 51.3-38.2) compared with the control group. Especially, probiotics had a significant therapeutic effect (serum bilirubin decline rate: -0.18 ± 0.02 mg/dL/h, 95% CI -0.12 to -0.23, P = .014; phototherapy duration: 43.17 ± 22.72 h, 95% CI 51.9-34.3, P = .019) in the low-risk subgroup (full-term newborns).
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, B. animalis subsp. lactis CP-9 synergistically improves treatment outcomes of NJ during in-hospital phototherapy including reduced total phototherapy duration and improved serum bilirubin decline rate, particularly in full-term newborns.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Bifidobacterium animalis; Probiotics; Treatment Outcome; Bilirubin
PubMed: 36397441
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000031030 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Aug 2021Probiotic supplementation of preterm infants may prevent serious morbidities associated with prematurity. To investigate the impact of probiotic supplementation on the...
Probiotic supplementation of preterm infants may prevent serious morbidities associated with prematurity. To investigate the impact of probiotic supplementation on the gut microbiota and determine factors associated with detection of probiotic species in the infant gut. Probiotic supplementation increases the long-term colonization of probiotic species in the gut of preterm infants. Longitudinal stool samples were collected from a cohort of very preterm infants participating in a blinded randomized controlled trial investigating the impact of probiotic supplementation (containing subsp. BB-02, subsp. BB-12 and TH-4) for prevention of late-onset sepsis. The presence of subsp. , subsp. and was determined for up to 23 months after supplementation ended using real-time PCR. Logistic regression was used to investigate the impact of probiotic supplementation on the presence of each species. Detection of subsp. [odds ratio (OR): 53.1; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 35.6-79.1; < 0.001] (OR: 89.1; 95 % CI: 59.0-134.5; < 0.001) and (OR: 5.66; 95 % CI: 4.35-7.37; < 0.001) was increased during the supplementation period in infants receiving probiotic supplementation. Post-supplementation, probiotic-supplemented infants had increased detection of subsp. (OR: 2.53; 95 % CI: 1.64-3.90; < 0.001) and subsp. (OR: 1.59; 95 % CI: 1.05-2.41; =0.030). Commencing probiotic supplementation before 5 days from birth was associated with increased detection of the probiotic species over the study period ( subsp. infantis OR: 1.20; subsp. lactis OR: 1.28; OR: 1.45). Probiotic supplementation with subsp. BB-02, subsp. BB-12 and TH-4 enhances the presence of probiotic species in the gut microbiota of very preterm infants during and after supplementation. Commencing probiotic supplementation shortly after birth may be important for improving the long-term colonization of probiotic species.
Topics: Biodiversity; Dietary Supplements; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Probiotics; Time Factors
PubMed: 34431764
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001403 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2022Alginate (ALG) is known to alleviate intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease, but its mechanism of action remains elusive. In the present study, we studied...
Alginate (ALG) is known to alleviate intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease, but its mechanism of action remains elusive. In the present study, we studied the involvement of the intestinal microbiota and bile acid (BA) metabolism in ALG-mediated anti-inflammatory effects in mice. A combination of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and targeted BA metabolomic profiling was employed to investigate structural and functional differences in the colonic microbiota and BA metabolism in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mice with or without dietary supplementation of ALG. We further explored the role of the intestinal microbiota as well as a selected ALG-enriched bacterium and BA in DSS-induced colitis. Dietary ALG alleviated DSS-mediated intestinal inflammation and enriched a small set of bacteria including Bifidobacterium animalis in the colon (0.05). Additionally, ALG restored several bacteria carrying secondary BA-synthesizing enzymes such as 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and BA hydrolase to healthy levels in DSS-treated mice. Although a majority of BAs were suppressed by DSS, a few secondary BAs such as hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) were markedly enriched by ALG. Furthermore, ALG significantly upregulated the expression of a major BA receptor, the farnesoid X receptor, while suppressing NF-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Depletion of the intestinal microbiota completely abrogated the protective effect of ALG in DSS-treated mice. Similar to ALG, and HDCA exerted a strong anti-inflammatory effect in DSS-induced colitis by downregulating inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]). Taken together, these results indicated that ALG achieves its alleviating effect on intestinal inflammation through regulation of the microbiota by enriching to promote the biosynthesis of specific secondary BAs such as HDCA. These findings have revealed intricate interactions among the intestinal microbiota, BA metabolism, and intestinal health and further provided a novel strategy to improve intestinal health through targeted manipulation of the intestinal microbiota and BA metabolism. ALG has been shown to ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but little is known about the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory action. This study was the first to demonstrate that ALG provided a preventive effect against colitis in an intestinal microbiota-dependent manner. Furthermore, we confirmed that by selectively enriching intestinal and secondary BA (HDCA), ALG contributed to the attenuation of DSS-induced colitis. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of ALG on the attenuation of colitis and provide new approaches to IBD therapy by regulating gut microbial BA metabolism.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Bifidobacterium animalis; Dextran Sulfate; Alginates; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Colitis; Colon; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Inflammation; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 36219101
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02979-22 -
Nutrients Dec 2022Bifidobacterium, a common probiotic, is widely used in the food industry. Hyperglycemia in pregnancy has become a common disease that impairs the health of the mother...
Bifidobacterium, a common probiotic, is widely used in the food industry. Hyperglycemia in pregnancy has become a common disease that impairs the health of the mother and can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preeclampsia, macrosomia, fetal hyperinsulinemia, and perinatal death. Currently, Bifidobacterium has been shown to have the potential to mitigate glycolipid derangements. Therefore, the use of Bifidobacterium-based probiotics to interfere with hyperglycemia in pregnancy may be a promising therapeutic option. We aimed to determine the potential effects of subsp. J-12 (J-12) in high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rats with hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) and respective fetuses. We observed that J-12 or insulin alone failed to significantly improve the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and oral glucose tolerance; however, combining J-12 and insulin significantly reduced the FBG level during late pregnancy. Moreover, J-12 significantly decreased triglycerides and total cholesterol, relieved insulin and leptin resistance, activated adiponectin, and restored the morphology of the maternal pancreas and hepatic tissue of HIP-induced rats. Notably, J-12 ingestion ameliorated fetal physiological parameters and skeletal abnormalities. HIP-induced cardiac, renal, and hepatic damage in fetuses was significantly alleviated in the J-12-alone intake group, and it downregulated hippocampal mRNA expression of insulin receptor () and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor () and upregulated mRNA on postnatal day 0, indicating that J-12 improved fetal neurological health. Furthermore, placental tissue damage in rats with HIP appeared to be in remission in the J-12 group. Upon exploring specific placental microbiota, we observed that J-12 affected the abundance of nine genera, positively correlating with FBG and leptin in rats and hippocampal mRNA levels of and mRNA in the fetus, while negatively correlating with adiponectin in rats and hippocampal levels of in the fetus. These results suggest that J-12 may affect the development of the fetal central nervous system by mediating placental microbiota via the regulation of maternal-related indicators. J-12 is a promising strategy for improving HIP and pregnancy outcomes.
Topics: Rats; Pregnancy; Female; Animals; Pregnancy Outcome; Bifidobacterium animalis; Diet, High-Fat; Leptin; Streptozocin; Placenta; Adiponectin; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Hyperglycemia; Bifidobacterium; RNA, Messenger; Insulins
PubMed: 36615827
DOI: 10.3390/nu15010170 -
Genomics Nov 2021Draft genome sequences of the Lab4 probiotic consortium were deposited in Genbank: Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis CUL34 (PRJNA482550), Bifidobacterium bifidum...
Draft genome sequences of the Lab4 probiotic consortium were deposited in Genbank: Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis CUL34 (PRJNA482550), Bifidobacterium bifidum CUL20 (PRJNA559984), Lactobacillus acidophilus CUL60 (PRJNA482335), Lactobacillus acidophilus CUL21 (PRJNA482434). Probiogenomic analyses confirmed existing taxonomies and identified putative gene sequences that were functionally related to the performance of each organism during in vitro assessments of bile and acid tolerability, adherence to enterocytes and susceptibility to antibiotics. Genomic stability predictions identified no significant risk of gene acquisition of both antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. These observations were supported by acute phase and repeat dose tolerability studies in Wistar rats. High doses of Lab4 did not result in mortalities, clinical/histopathological abnormalities nor systemic toxicity. Increased faecal numbers of Lab4 in supplemented rats implied survival through the gastrointestinal tract and/or impact the intestinal microbiota composition. In summary, this study provides multifaceted support for probiotic functionality and the safety of the Lab4 consortium.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium; Feces; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Probiotics; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 34391865
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.08.007 -
International Dental Journal Feb 2023Although various probiotic organisms have been evaluated for their utility in the management of periodontitis, their strain-specific mechanisms of action are still... (Review)
Review
Although various probiotic organisms have been evaluated for their utility in the management of periodontitis, their strain-specific mechanisms of action are still unclear. We aimed to systematically review the effect of bifidobacterial probiotics on periodontopathogens and host immune responses in periodontal diseases. An electronic search of articles published until June 2022 in Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was performed. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and in vitro and animal studies were assessed, and the data regarding antimicrobial properties, immunomodulation, and clinical outcomes were analysed. A total of 304 studies were screened, but only 3 RCTs and 6 animal and in vitro studies met the inclusion criteria. The use of different strains of bifidobacteria led to (1) a reduction of key players of the red complex periodontopathogens; (2) reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (eg, interleukin [IL]1-β and IL-8) and higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10); (3) enhanced levels of osteoprotegerin and reduced levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; and (4) a reduction of the dental plaque, bleeding on probing, alveolar bone loss, and clinical attachment loss. Bifidobacterial probiotic adjuvant supplementation, especially with Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis, appears to help improve clinical periodontal parameters and develop a healthy plaque microbiome through microbiological and immunomodulatory pathways. Further human and animal studies are warranted prior to the therapeutic use of bifidobacteria in the routine management of periodontal infections.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Bifidobacterium; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Probiotics; Cytokines
PubMed: 36535806
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.11.018