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Transfusion Medicine Reviews Oct 2020
Topics: Blood Platelets; Blood Preservation; Humans; Platelet Transfusion; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Thrombocytopenia
PubMed: 33129605
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2020.09.009 -
Blood bank storage of red blood cells increases RBC cytoplasmic membrane order and bending rigidity.PloS One 2021Blood banks around the world store blood components for several weeks ensuring its availability for transfusion medicine. Red blood cells (RBCs) are known to undergo...
Blood banks around the world store blood components for several weeks ensuring its availability for transfusion medicine. Red blood cells (RBCs) are known to undergo compositional changes during storage, which may impact the cells' function and eventually the recipients' health. We extracted the RBC's cytoplasmic membrane (RBCcm) to study the effect of storage on the membranes' molecular structure and bending rigidity by a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray diffuse scattering (XDS) and coarse grained Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. Blood was stored in commercial blood bags for 2 and 5 weeks, respectively and compared to freshly drawn blood. Using mass spectrometry, we measured an increase of fatty acids together with a slight shift towards shorter tail lengths. We observe an increased fraction (6%) of liquid ordered (lo) domains in the RBCcms with storage time, and an increased lipid packing in these domains, leading to an increased membrane thickness and membrane order. The size of both, lo and liquid disordered (ld) lipid domains was found to decrease with increased storage time by up to 25%. XDS experiments reveal a storage dependent increase in the RBCcm's bending modulus κ by a factor of 2.8, from 1.9 kBT to 5.3 kBT. MD simulations were conducted in the absence of proteins. The results show that the membrane composition has a small contribution to the increased bending rigidity and suggests additional protein-driven mechanisms.
Topics: Blood Preservation; Cell Membrane; Erythrocytes; Molecular Dynamics Simulation
PubMed: 34767588
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259267 -
Journal of Comparative Effectiveness... Feb 2020A maximum surgical blood order schedule (MSBOS) was implemented at our institution to optimize preoperative blood ordering and reduce unnecessary blood preparation for...
A maximum surgical blood order schedule (MSBOS) was implemented at our institution to optimize preoperative blood ordering and reduce unnecessary blood preparation for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP), a common urologic procedure. We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent RP from 2010 to 2016 and categorized patients by date of RP (pre- or post-MSBOS) and compared preoperative blood-ordering practices. After MSBOS implementation, preoperative blood orders changed from predominantly type and cross-match 2 units (53%) to no sample (56%) for robot-assisted laparoscopic RP, and from mostly type and cross-match 2 units (62%) to type and screen (75%) for open RP with resultant cost savings. MSBOS implementation and compliance decreases unnecessary preoperative blood orders.
Topics: Blood Grouping and Crossmatching; Blood Transfusion; Humans; Laparoscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32043362
DOI: 10.2217/cer-2019-0126 -
Vox Sanguinis Feb 2021Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus, first identified in China at the end of 2019 and has now caused a worldwide... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus, first identified in China at the end of 2019 and has now caused a worldwide pandemic. In this review, we provide an overview of the implications of SARS-CoV-2 for blood safety and sufficiency.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
We searched the PubMed database, the preprint sites bioRxiv and medRxiv, the websites of the World Health Organization, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the US Communicable Diseases Center and monitored ProMed updates.
RESULTS
An estimated 15%-46% of SARS-CoV-2 infections are asymptomatic. The reported mean incubation period is 3 to 7 days with a range of 1-14 days. The blood phase of SARS-CoV-2 appears to be brief and low level, with RNAaemia detectable in only a small proportion of patients, typically associated with more severe disease and not demonstrated to be infectious virus. An asymptomatic blood phase has not been demonstrated. Given these characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the absence of reported transfusion transmission (TT), the TT risk is currently theoretical. To mitigate any potential TT risk, but more importantly to prevent respiratory transmission in donor centres, blood centres can implement donor deferral policies based on travel, disease status or potential risk of exposure.
CONCLUSION
The TT risk of SARS-CoV-2 appears to be low. The biggest risk to blood services in the current COVID-19 pandemic is to maintain the sufficiency of the blood supply while minimizing respiratory transmission of SARS-CoV-19 to donors and staff while donating blood.
Topics: Blood Safety; Blood Transfusion; COVID-19; Geography; Humans; RNA, Viral; Risk Assessment; SARS-CoV-2; Safety Management; Transfusion Reaction; World Health Organization
PubMed: 32965726
DOI: 10.1111/vox.13009 -
Transfusion Medicine Reviews Apr 2023Labeling of platelets (PLTs) is essential for research purposes, in order to measure the recovery and survival of transfused PLTs in vivo. Biotinylation is a promising... (Review)
Review
Labeling of platelets (PLTs) is essential for research purposes, in order to measure the recovery and survival of transfused PLTs in vivo. Biotinylation is a promising new alternative to the gold standard of radioactive labeling. This review highlights 4 key publications that provide significant insights into biotin-labeled PLTs (bioPLTs). Stohlawetz et al. established that transfusion of bioPLTs in human recipients is possible. De Bruin et al. developed a standardized, reproducible protocol for biotinylation of PLTs as a promising method to trace and isolate transfused PLTs in vivo, with reduced levels of PLT activation markers. Muret et al. developed a nonwashing biotin labeling method to implement in a blood bank environment. Finally, in a preclinical study, Ravanat et al. showed that different densities of biotin can be used to concurrently monitor multiple populations of human PLTs in the circulation of the same subject. These studies have made major contributions to the development of bioPLTs as a viable option for use in human research, and indicate that bioPLTs can be safely administered, preferably at a low density of biotin.
Topics: Humans; Blood Platelets; Biotin; Platelet Transfusion; Blood Preservation; Cell Survival
PubMed: 36697309
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2023.01.001 -
Transfusion Feb 2022
Meta-Analysis Review
Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching; COVID-19; Humans; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34773411
DOI: 10.1111/trf.16748 -
[Safety of blood and blood products: test methods for the detection of hepatitis B, C, and E virus].Bundesgesundheitsblatt,... Feb 2022Infections with hepatitis B, C, and E virus (HBV, HCV, and HEV) can be transmitted via blood and cause severe acute or chronic liver infections. To ensure the safety... (Review)
Review
Infections with hepatitis B, C, and E virus (HBV, HCV, and HEV) can be transmitted via blood and cause severe acute or chronic liver infections. To ensure the safety of blood donations and protect recipients from virus transmissions, blood donations in Germany are tested for viral genomes using nucleic acid amplification techniques (NATs) as well as for viral antigens and antibodies by serological testing. This article describes the relevant regulations on the safety of blood and blood products in Germany and the various screening methods. The safety of blood products is assessed.Currently used NAT methods for detection of hepatitis viruses are based either on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or isothermal methods such as transcription-mediated amplification (TMA), which enable a highly sensitive detection of viral infections and thereby contribute to the reduction of the diagnostic window. Antigen tests for the detection of viral surface protein of hepatitis B virus in blood donations were introduced in the 1970s in order to prevent potential transmissions. Since the introduction of mandatory testing for HCV-specific antibodies in 1992, HCV NAT testing in 1999, anti-HBc antibody testing in 2006, and the non-mandatory HBV NAT, which is voluntarily performed by most of the blood establishments, blood safety has increased tremendously. Only a few isolated cases of transfusion-transmitted infections in the early window period have been reported since. The success of the recent introduction of mandatory HEV NAT testing in 2020 will have to be assessed in the upcoming years. Besides blood donor screening, the system for blood safety in Germany is supplemented by additional measures for donor selection and pathogen inactivation.
Topics: Blood Donors; Blood Safety; DNA, Viral; Germany; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Humans; Mass Screening
PubMed: 35024894
DOI: 10.1007/s00103-021-03480-0 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2021Rural/remote blood collection can cause delays in processing, reducing PBMC number, viability, cell composition and function. To mitigate these impacts, blood was stored...
BACKGROUND
Rural/remote blood collection can cause delays in processing, reducing PBMC number, viability, cell composition and function. To mitigate these impacts, blood was stored at 4 °C prior to processing. Viable cell number, viability, immune phenotype, and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release were measured. Furthermore, the lowest protective volume of cryopreservation media and cell concentration was investigated.
METHODS
Blood from 10 individuals was stored for up to 10 days. Flow cytometry and IFN-γ ELISPOT were used to measure immune phenotype and function on thawed PBMC. Additionally, PBMC were cryopreserved in volumes ranging from 500 µL to 25 µL and concentration from 10 × 10 cells/mL to 1.67 × 10 cells/mL.
RESULTS
PBMC viability and viable cell number significantly reduced over time compared with samples processed immediately, except when stored for 24 h at RT. Monocytes and NK cells significantly reduced over time regardless of storage temperature. Samples with >24 h of RT storage had an increased proportion in Low-Density Neutrophils and T cells compared with samples stored at 4 °C. IFN-γ release was reduced after 24 h of storage, however not in samples stored at 4 °C for >24 h. The lowest protective volume identified was 150 µL with the lowest density of 6.67 × 10 cells/mL.
CONCLUSION
A sample delay of 24 h at RT does not impact the viability and total viable cell numbers. When long-term delays exist (>4 d) total viable cell number and cell viability losses are reduced in samples stored at 4 °C. Immune phenotype and function are slightly altered after 24 h of storage, further impacts of storage are reduced in samples stored at 4 °C.
Topics: Adult; Blood Preservation; Cryopreservation; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Interferon-gamma; Monocytes
PubMed: 34502038
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179129 -
Mutagenesis Jul 2021DNA damage and repair activity are often assessed in blood samples from humans in different types of molecular epidemiology studies. However, it is not always feasible... (Review)
Review
DNA damage and repair activity are often assessed in blood samples from humans in different types of molecular epidemiology studies. However, it is not always feasible to analyse the samples on the day of collection without any type of storage. For instance, certain studies use repeated sampling of cells from the same subject or samples from different subjects collected at different time-points, and it is desirable to analyse all these samples in the same comet assay experiment. In addition, flawless comet assay analyses on frozen samples open up the possibility of using this technique on biobank material. In this article we discuss the use of cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), buffy coat (BC) and whole blood (WB) for analysis of DNA damage and repair using the comet assay. The published literature and the authors' experiences indicate that various types of blood samples can be cryopreserved with only a minor effect on the basal level of DNA damage. There is evidence to suggest that WB and PBMCs can be cryopreserved for several years without much effect on the level of DNA damage. However, care should be taken when cryopreserving WB and BCs. It is possible to use either fresh or frozen samples of blood cells, but results from fresh and frozen cells should not be used in the same dataset. The article outlines detailed protocols for the cryopreservation of PBMCs, BCs and WB samples.
Topics: Blood Preservation; Blood Specimen Collection; Comet Assay; Cryopreservation; DNA Damage; DNA Repair; Humans; Leukocytes, Mononuclear
PubMed: 33755160
DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geab012 -
Transfusion Medicine (Oxford, England) Jun 2020
Topics: Blood Safety; Blood Transfusion; Disease Outbreaks; Hong Kong; Humans; Respiratory Distress Syndrome
PubMed: 32432804
DOI: 10.1111/tme.12698