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Blood Transfusion = Trasfusione Del... Jul 2019
Topics: Blood Donors; Blood Preservation; Blood Transfusion; Humans; Precision Medicine; Transfusion Medicine
PubMed: 31385798
DOI: 10.2450/2018.0142-19 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2021Cryopreservation of whole blood is useful for DNA collection, and clinical and basic research. Blood samples in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA)...
Cryopreservation of whole blood is useful for DNA collection, and clinical and basic research. Blood samples in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) tubes stored at - 80 °C are suitable for DNA extraction, but not for high-quality RNA extraction. Herein, a new methodology for high-quality RNA extraction from human blood samples is described. Quickly thawing frozen whole blood on aluminum blocks at room temperature could minimize RNA degradation, and improve RNA yield and quality compared with thawing the samples in a 37 °C water bath. Furthermore, the use of the NucleoSpin RNA kit increased RNA yield by fivefold compared with the PAXgene Blood RNA Kit. Thawing blood samples on aluminum blocks significantly increased the DNA yield by ~ 20% compared with thawing in a 37 °C water bath or on ice. Moreover, by thawing on aluminum blocks and using the NucleoSpin RNA and QIAamp DNA Blood kits, the extraction of RNA and DNA of sufficient quality and quantity was achieved from frozen EDTA whole blood samples that were stored for up to 8.5 years. Thus, extracting RNA from frozen whole blood in EDTA tubes after long-term storage is feasible. These findings may help advance gene expression analysis, as well as biomarker research for various diseases.
Topics: Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Preservation; Cryopreservation; DNA; Edetic Acid; Humans; RNA
PubMed: 34426633
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96567-2 -
Cytometry. Part a : the Journal of the... Feb 2019Mitochondria perform crucial roles in many biochemical processes, and mitochondrial depolarization is an early sign of platelet apoptosis. The mitochondrial membrane... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Mitochondria perform crucial roles in many biochemical processes, and mitochondrial depolarization is an early sign of platelet apoptosis. The mitochondrial membrane potential is usually evaluated through JC-1 probe, but it can also be assessed with MitoTracker probes. Our aim was to evaluate mitochondrial viability in stored canine platelet concentrates (PCs) with the fluorescent probes JC-1 and MitoTracker. Platelets from 22 canine PCs were stained with JC-1 and MitoTracker probes on days 1, 3, and 5 of storage. Data on metabolic parameters were also collected for correlation studies. Results of JC-1 and MitoTracker revealed a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in day 5 of storage compared to days 1 and 3, providing evidence of mitochondrial depolarization, a finding that was confirmed by the data on metabolic parameters. MitoTracker probes also added information regarding platelet swelling. In conclusion, MitoTracker probes offered a more complete mitochondrial analysis in the evaluation of stored canine PCs. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Benzimidazoles; Blood Platelets; Blood Preservation; Carbocyanines; Dogs; Flow Cytometry; Fluorescent Dyes; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Mitochondria
PubMed: 30107098
DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23567 -
Bioconjugate Chemistry Jul 2018With the development of new biologics and bioconjugates, storage and preservation have become more critical than ever before. Lyophilization is a method of cell and... (Review)
Review
With the development of new biologics and bioconjugates, storage and preservation have become more critical than ever before. Lyophilization is a method of cell and protein preservation by removing a solvent such as water from a substance followed by freezing. This technique has been used in the past and still holds promise for overcoming logistic challenges in safety net hospitals with limited blood banking resources, austere environments such as combat, and mass casualty situations where existing resources may be outstripped. This method allows for long-term storage and transport but requires the bioconjugation of preservatives to prevent cell destabilization. Trehalose is utilized as a bioconjugate in platelet and red blood cell preservation to maintain protein thermodynamics and stabilizing protein formulations in liquid and freeze-dried states. Biomimetic approaches have been explored as alternatives to cryo- and lyopreservation of blood components. Intravascular hemostats such as PLGA nanoparticles functionalized with PEG motifs, topical hemostats utilizing fibrinogen or chitosan, and liposomal encapsulated hemoglobin with surface modifications are effectively stored long-term through bioconjugation. In thinking about the best methods for storage and transport, we are focusing this topical review on blood products that have the longest track record of preservation and looking at how these methods can be applied to synthetic systems.
Topics: Animals; Biomimetic Materials; Blood Preservation; Freeze Drying; Humans; Protein Stability; Trehalose
PubMed: 29791137
DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00271 -
Current Opinion in Hematology Nov 2017This review summarizes current and prior observations regarding transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM) and puts these ideas into a modern immunological context,... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review summarizes current and prior observations regarding transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM) and puts these ideas into a modern immunological context, incorporating concepts from innate, adaptive, and nutritional immunity. We propose that TRIM research focus on determining whether there are specific, well-defined immunosuppressive effects from transfusing 'pure' red blood cells (RBCs) themselves, along with the by-products produced by the stored RBCs as a result of the 'storage lesion.' Macrophages are a key cell type involved in physiological and pathological RBC clearance and iron recycling. The plasticity and diversity of macrophages makes these cells potential mediators of immune suppression that could constitute TRIM.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent reports identified the capacity of macrophages and monocytes to exhibit 'memory.' Exposure to various stimuli, such as engulfment of apoptotic cells and interactions with ß-glucan and lipopolysaccharide, were found to induce epigenetic, metabolic, and functional changes in certain myeloid cells, particularly macrophages and monocytes.
SUMMARY
Macrophages may mediate the immunosuppressive aspects of TRIM that arise as a result of transfused RBCs and their storage lesion induced by-products.
Topics: Blood Preservation; Erythrocyte Transfusion; Erythrocytes; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunosuppression Therapy; Macrophages
PubMed: 28806274
DOI: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000376 -
Anaesthesia Jan 2015The clinical practice of blood transfusion has changed considerably over the last few decades. The potential risk of transfusion transmissible diseases has directed... (Review)
Review
The clinical practice of blood transfusion has changed considerably over the last few decades. The potential risk of transfusion transmissible diseases has directed efforts towards the production of safe and high quality blood. All transfusion services now operate in an environment of ever-increasing regulatory controls encompassing all aspects of blood collection, processing and storage. Stringent donor selection, identification of pathogens that can be transmitted through blood, and development of technologies that can enhance the quality of blood, have all led to a substantial reduction in potential risks and complications associated with blood transfusion. In this article, we will discuss the current standards required for the manufacture of blood, starting from blood collection, through processing and on to storage.
Topics: Blood Banks; Blood Donors; Blood Group Incompatibility; Blood Preservation; Blood Specimen Collection; Blood Transfusion; Humans; Leukocyte Reduction Procedures
PubMed: 25440389
DOI: 10.1111/anae.12912 -
Transfusion Medicine Reviews Jan 2019Pathogen inactivation (PI) for platelet concentrates (PC) is a fairly recent development in transfusion medicine that is intended to decrease infectious disease... (Review)
Review
Pathogen inactivation (PI) for platelet concentrates (PC) is a fairly recent development in transfusion medicine that is intended to decrease infectious disease transmission from the donor to the receiving patient. Effective inactivation of viruses, bacteria and eukaryotic parasites adds a layer of safety, protecting the blood supply against customary and emerging pathogens. Three PI methods have been described for platelets. These are based on photochemical damage of nucleic acids which prevents replication of most infectious pathogens and contaminating donor leukocytes. Because platelets do not replicate, the collateral damage to platelet function is considered low to non-existing. This is disputable however because photochemistry is not specific for nucleic acids and significantly affects platelet biomolecules as well. The impact of these biomolecular changes on platelet function and hemostasis is not well understood, but is increasingly being studied. The results of these studies can help explain current and future clinical observations with PI platelets, including the impact on transfusion yield and bleeding. This review summarizes the biomolecular effects of PI treatment on platelets. We conclude that despite a comparable principle of photochemical inactivation, all three methods affect platelets in different ways. This knowledge can help blood banks and transfusion specialists to guide their choice when considering the implementation or clinical use of PI treated platelets.
Topics: Blood Banks; Blood Platelets; Blood Preservation; Blood Transfusion; Furocoumarins; Hemostasis; Humans; Neoplasms; Nucleic Acids; Platelet Transfusion; Riboflavin; Signal Transduction; Thrombocytopenia; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 30021699
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2018.06.002 -
Blood Transfusion = Trasfusione Del... Sep 2021For neonates and preterm infants, in whom a transfusion dose is low, the use of red blood cells (RBC) from cord blood appears to be feasible. Standardisation of...
BACKGROUND
For neonates and preterm infants, in whom a transfusion dose is low, the use of red blood cells (RBC) from cord blood appears to be feasible. Standardisation of fractionation and identification and assessment of quality control parameters for such RBC are still lacking.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We describe the process used to obtain RBC from cord blood for transfusion purposes, including quality controls to evaluate fractionation performance and the effects of storage. The cord RBC, to which SAG-M was added, were sampled on the day of fractionation, and 7 and 14 days (end of storage) later in order to measure the complete blood count, biochemical parameters and residual white blood cells. We also assessed microbial contamination.
RESULTS
Data relative to 279 cord blood units were evaluated. The median gestational age at collection was 40 weeks (interquartile range [IQR] 39.1-40.7) and the median volume was 90 mL (IQR 81-103). Units were subjected to automated fractionation with Compomat, and packed RBC were suspended in SAG-M solution. The median volume of the SAG-M-suspended units was 31 mL (IQR 24.0-38.1) and the median haematocrit was 54.2% (IQR 49.4-59.5). The median volume after leukoreduction was 22 mL (IQR 17-28), with the volume decrease being similar in units leukoreduced before (n=75) or after (n=204) storage. The haematocrit of leukoreduced units was higher than that of buffy coat-depleted units. Storage at 2-6 °C for 14 days was accompanied by an increase of potassium levels and percentage of haemolysis. Microbial cultures were positive for 2.9% of the collected units.
DISCUSSION
Fractionation of whole cord blood can provide RBC concentrates with similar baseline characteristics as units from adults. The transfusion dose and quality of the units appear safe and suitable for clinical use in neonates, with a satisfactory haematocrit and residual white blood cell content, despite a very variable collection volume.
Topics: Blood Preservation; Erythrocytes; Fetal Blood; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Hemolysis; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature
PubMed: 33196415
DOI: 10.2450/2020.0138-20 -
Anaesthesia Jan 2015Red cell transfusion therapy is a common treatment modality in contemporary medical practice. Although blood collection and administration is safer and more efficient... (Review)
Review
Red cell transfusion therapy is a common treatment modality in contemporary medical practice. Although blood collection and administration is safer and more efficient than ever before, red cells undergo multiple metabolic and structural changes during storage that may compromise their functionality and viability following transfusion. The clinical relevance of these changes is a hotly debated topic that continues to be a matter of intense investigation. In the current review, we begin with an in-depth overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying red cell storage, with a focus on altered metabolism, oxidative stress and red cell membrane damage. We proceed to review the current state of evidence on the clinical relevance and consequences of the red cell storage lesion, while discussing the strengths and limitations of clinical studies.
Topics: Blood Preservation; Cell Survival; Erythrocyte Membrane; Erythrocyte Transfusion; Erythrocytes; Humans; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 25440392
DOI: 10.1111/anae.12891 -
Transfusion Medicine Reviews Oct 2015MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short ~22-nucleotide noncoding RNA that have been found to influence the expression of many genes and cellular processes by either repressing... (Review)
Review
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short ~22-nucleotide noncoding RNA that have been found to influence the expression of many genes and cellular processes by either repressing translation or degrading messenger RNA transcripts. Platelet miRNA expression has been shown to be perturbed during ex vivo storage of platelets and in platelet-associated disorders. Although bioinformatics-based miRNA target predictions have been established, direct experimental validation of the role of miRNAs in platelet biology has been rather slow. Target prediction studies are, nonetheless, valuable in directing the design of appropriate experiments to test specific miRNA:messenger RNA interactions relevant to the underlying mechanisms of platelet function in general and in disease as well as in ex vivo storage-associated "storage lesions," a collective term used to include physiologic, biochemical, and morphologic changes that occur in stored platelets. This brief review will focus on emerging human platelet miRNA studies to emphasize their potential role relevant to transfusion medicine field in terms of regulating platelet signaling pathways, markers of platelet associated disorders, and remote impactors of gene expression (intercellular biomodulators) as well as potential platelet quality markers of storage and pathogen reduction treatments.
Topics: Animals; Blood Platelet Disorders; Blood Platelets; Blood Preservation; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic Markers; Humans; MicroRNAs; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 26341586
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2015.08.002