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Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... Mar 2023
Topics: Humans; Bone Density; Osteoporosis; Bone Remodeling
PubMed: 36754846
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4781 -
Endocrinology and Metabolism (Seoul,... Dec 2023Since our discovery in 2006 that acromegaly is associated with an increased risk of vertebral fractures, many authors have confirmed this finding in both cross-sectional... (Review)
Review
Since our discovery in 2006 that acromegaly is associated with an increased risk of vertebral fractures, many authors have confirmed this finding in both cross-sectional and prospective studies. Due to the high epidemiological and clinical impact of this newly discovered comorbidity of acromegaly, this topic has progressively become more important and prominent over the years, and the pertinent literature has been enriched by new findings on the pathophysiology and treatment. The aim of this narrative review was to discuss these novel findings, integrating them with the seminal observations, in order to give the reader an updated view of how the field of acromegaly and bone is developing, from strong clinical observations to a mechanistic understanding and possible prevention and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Acromegaly; Bone Density; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prospective Studies; Spinal Fractures
PubMed: 38164073
DOI: 10.3803/EnM.2023.601 -
Clinical Journal of the American... Jun 2019
Topics: Bone Density; Bone and Bones; Humans; Kidney Transplantation
PubMed: 31088852
DOI: 10.2215/CJN.04940419 -
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... Aug 2021
Topics: Bone Density; Humans; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 34131951
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4393 -
Current Osteoporosis Reports Dec 2020Osteoporosis is commonly diagnosed through the clinical assessment of bone quantity using bone mineral density; however, the primary clinical concern is bone fragility.... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Osteoporosis is commonly diagnosed through the clinical assessment of bone quantity using bone mineral density; however, the primary clinical concern is bone fragility. Bone fragility is determined by both bone quantity and bone quality. Over the past decade, the gut microbiome has emerged as a factor that can regulate diseases throughout the body. This review discusses how microbial organisms and their genetic products that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract influence bone quantity, bone quality, and bone strength.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiome regulates bone loss during estrogen depletion and glucocorticoid treatment. A series of studies has also shown that the gut microbiome influences whole bone strength by modifying bone tissue quality. The possible links between the gut microbiome and bone tissue quality are discussed focusing on the effects of microbiome-derived vitamin K. We provide a brief introduction to the gut microbiome and how modifications to the gut microbiome may lead to changes in bone. The gut microbiome is a promising target for new therapeutic approaches that address bone quality in ways not possible with current interventions.
Topics: Animals; Bone Density; Bone and Bones; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 33030683
DOI: 10.1007/s11914-020-00627-x -
ELife Dec 2022Combining transcriptomic data with the analysis of large genome-wide association studies helps identify genes that are likely important for regulating bone mineral...
Combining transcriptomic data with the analysis of large genome-wide association studies helps identify genes that are likely important for regulating bone mineral density.
Topics: Humans; Genome-Wide Association Study; Quantitative Trait Loci; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Gene Expression Profiling; Transcriptome; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Genetic Predisposition to Disease
PubMed: 36562688
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.85161 -
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases Nov 2020With 432 513 samples from UK Biobank dataset, multivariable linear/logistic regression were used to estimate the relationship between psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS
With 432 513 samples from UK Biobank dataset, multivariable linear/logistic regression were used to estimate the relationship between psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and estimated bone mineral density (eBMD)/osteoporosis, controlling for potential confounders. Here, confounders were set in three ways: model0 (including age, height, weight, smoking and drinking), model1 (model0 +regular physical activity) and model2 (model1 +medication treatments). The eBMD was derived from heel ultrasound measurement. And 4904 patients with psoriasis and 847 patients with PsA were included in final analysis. Mendelian randomisation (MR) approach was used to evaluate the causal effect between them.
RESULTS
Lower eBMD were observed in patients with PsA than in controls in both model0 (β-coefficient=-0.014, p=0.0006) and model1 (β-coefficient=-0.013, p=0.002); however, the association disappeared when conditioning on treatment with methotrexate or ciclosporin (model2) (β-coefficient=-0.005, p=0.28), mediation analysis showed that 63% of the intermediary effect on eBMD was mediated by medication treatment (p<2E-16). Patients with psoriasis without arthritis showed no difference of eBMD compared with controls. Similarly, the significance of higher risk of osteopenia in patients with PsA (OR=1.27, p=0.002 in model0) could be eliminated by conditioning on medication treatment (p=0.244 in model2). Psoriasis without arthritis was not related to osteopenia and osteoporosis. The weighted Genetic Risk Score analysis found that genetically determined psoriasis/PsA were not associated with eBMD (p=0.24 and p=0.88). Finally, MR analysis showed that psoriasis/PsA had no causal effect on eBMD, osteoporosis and fracture.
CONCLUSIONS
The effect of PsA on osteoporosis was secondary (eg, medication) but not causal. Under this hypothesis, psoriasis without arthritis was not a risk factor for osteoporosis.
Topics: Antirheumatic Agents; Bone Density; Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Osteoporosis; Psoriasis
PubMed: 32737104
DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217892 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Mar 2022Osteoporosis, characterised by low bone mass, poor bone structure, and an increased risk of fracture, is a major public health problem. There is increasing evidence that... (Review)
Review
Osteoporosis, characterised by low bone mass, poor bone structure, and an increased risk of fracture, is a major public health problem. There is increasing evidence that the influence of the environment on gene expression, through epigenetic processes, contributes to variation in BMD and fracture risk across the lifecourse. Such epigenetic processes include DNA methylation, histone and chromatin modifications and non-coding RNAs. Examples of associations with phenotype include DNA methylation in utero linked to maternal vitamin D status, and to methylation of target genes such as OPG and RANKL being associated with osteoporosis in later life. Epigenome-wide association studies and multi-omics technologies have further revealed susceptibility loci, and histone acetyltransferases, deacetylases and methylases are being considered as therapeutic targets. This review encompasses recent advances in our understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of bone mass and osteoporosis development, and outlines possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarker applications.
Topics: Bone Density; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Epigenome; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 35120798
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101612 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Sep 2022Bone science has over the last decades unraveled many important pathways in bone and mineral metabolism and the interplay between genetic factors and the environment.... (Review)
Review
Bone science has over the last decades unraveled many important pathways in bone and mineral metabolism and the interplay between genetic factors and the environment. Some of these discoveries have led to the development of pharmacological treatments of osteoporosis and rare bone diseases. Other scientific avenues have uncovered a role for the gut microbiome in regulating bone mass, which have led to investigations on the possible therapeutic role of probiotics in the prevention of osteoporosis. Huge advances have been made in identifying the genes that cause rare bone diseases, which in some cases have led to therapeutic interventions. Advances have also been made in understanding the genetic basis of the more common polygenic bone diseases, including osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone (PDB). Polygenic profiles are used for establishing genetic risk scores aiming at early diagnosis and intervention, but also in Mendelian randomization (MR) studies to investigate both desired and undesired effects of targets for drug design.
Topics: Humans; Osteitis Deformans; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Diseases; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 36336607
DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2022.101791 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Sep 2022Bone and muscle are recognised as interacting tissues, the so-called 'muscle-bone unit', in which these two tissues communicate to coordinate their development... (Review)
Review
Bone and muscle are recognised as interacting tissues, the so-called 'muscle-bone unit', in which these two tissues communicate to coordinate their development (chemically and metabolically), as well as their response to loading or injury. Musculoskeletal disorders of ageing, specifically osteoporosis and sarcopenia, are highly prevalent in older individuals. They signify a significant burden for older people affecting their mobility, confidence, and quality of life, as well as being a major cost to healthcare systems worldwide. This review considers the coexistence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in individuals and describes risk factors, clinical consequences, approaches to management, and the link with functional capacity.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Bone Density; Quality of Life; Sarcopenia; Osteoporosis; Bone and Bones
PubMed: 35691825
DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2022.101756