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Scientific Reports Sep 2020Odontoblasts and pulp stroma cells are embedded within supramolecular networks of extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibrillin microfibrils and associated proteins are crucial...
Odontoblasts and pulp stroma cells are embedded within supramolecular networks of extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibrillin microfibrils and associated proteins are crucial constituents of these networks, serving as contextual scaffolds to regulate tissue development and homeostasis by providing both structural and mechanical properties and sequestering growth factors of the TGF-β superfamily. EMILIN-1, -2, and -3 are microfibril-associated glycoproteins known to modulate cell behaviour, growth factor activity, and ECM assembly. So far their expression in the various cells of the dentin-pulp complex during development, in the adult stage, and during inflammation has not been investigated. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and western blot analysis of developing and adult mouse molars and incisors revealed an abundant presence of EMILINs in the entire dental papilla, at early developmental stages. Later in development the signal intensity for EMILIN-3 decreases, while EMILIN-1 and -2 staining appears to increase in the pre-dentin and in the ECM surrounding odontoblasts. Our data also demonstrate new specific interactions of EMILINs with fibulins in the dentin enamel junction. Interestingly, in dentin caries lesions the signal for EMILIN-3 was significantly increased in inflamed odontoblasts. Overall our findings point for the first time to a role of EMILINs in dentinogenesis, pulp biology, and inflammation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antigens, Surface; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Glycoproteins; Humans; Incisor; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Molar; Young Adult
PubMed: 32948785
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72123-2 -
Dental and Medical Problems 2019Dental implantation has become widespread for esthetic and functional rehabilitation following single tooth loss as a preferred alternative to conventional...
BACKGROUND
Dental implantation has become widespread for esthetic and functional rehabilitation following single tooth loss as a preferred alternative to conventional tooth-supported restorations. The main advantage of dental implant placement is that it does not require the preparation of the adjacent sound teeth.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this cohort study was to assess the effect of dental implantation on the hard and soft tissues around the adjacent natural teeth.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In this historical cohort, 34 'connect-type' TBR® implants (bone level), 4 mm in diameter, were submerged in the intact bone of 22 patients (7 males and 15 females). The intraoral and extraoral clinical examination as well as periapical radiography were carried out preoperatively or right after surgery (baseline), at 3 months postoperatively (the time of prosthetic delivery), and at 3 and 6 months after prosthetic delivery. The data was analyzed using the Friedman test (due to the non-normal distribution of the data). In case of presence of a significant difference, pairwise comparisons were performed using the post-hoc Wilcoxon test with the Bonferroni correction. All statistical analyses were performed with a 95% confidence interval (CI) using the SPSS for Windows, v. 16.0 software. The p‑value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
The distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) of the adjacent teeth to the bone crest significantly increased at different postoperative time points compared to baseline (p < 0.001). The changes in the papillae of the adjacent teeth were also significant at different postoperative time points (p = 0.04). The pocket depth of the adjacent teeth increased, although the value at 3 months postoperatively was not significantly different from the baseline value (p = 0.842). The distance from the implant shoulder to the bone crest of the adjacent teeth significantly increased at different postoperative time points compared to baseline (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that implant surgery significantly affects the soft and hard tissues around the adjacent natural teeth.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Crowns; Dental Implantation; Esthetics, Dental; Female; Humans; Male
PubMed: 31769624
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/110714 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020The use of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) has been proposed as a means of promoting root maturation in permanent immature teeth, and plays a significant role...
The use of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) has been proposed as a means of promoting root maturation in permanent immature teeth, and plays a significant role in regenerative dental procedures. However, the role of SCAPs may be compromised by microenvironmental factors, such as hypoxic conditions and the presence of bacteria from infected dental root canals. We aim to investigate oral bacterial modulation of SCAP in terms of binding capacity using flow cytometry and imaging, real-time cell proliferation monitoring, and cytokine secretion (IL-6, IL-8, and TGF-β isoforms) under anaerobic conditions. SCAPs were exposed to key species in dental root canal infection, namely , , , and , as well as two probiotic strains, strain B6 and (DSM 17938). We found that , , , and , but not the probiotic strains bind to SCAPs on anaerobic conditions. and exhibited the strongest binding capacity, resulting in significantly reduced SCAP proliferation. Notably, , but not , induce production of the proinflammatory chemokine IL-8 and IL-10 from SCAPs. Production of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 by SCAPs was dependent on species, cell line, and time, but secretion of TGF-β3 did not vary significantly over time. In conclusion, SCAP response is compromised when exposed to bacterial stimuli from infected dental root canals in anaerobic conditions. Thus, stem cell-mediated endodontic regenerative studies need to include microenvironmental conditions, such as the presence of microorganisms to promote further advantage in the field.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Stem Cells
PubMed: 33718256
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.620801 -
Regenerative Therapy Dec 2020The study of regenerative dentistry receives a fast growing interest. The potential ability of the dentin-pulp complex to regenerate is both promising and perplexing. To... (Review)
Review
The study of regenerative dentistry receives a fast growing interest. The potential ability of the dentin-pulp complex to regenerate is both promising and perplexing. To answer the challenging nature of the dental environment, scientists have developed various combinations of biomaterial scaffolds, stem cells, and incorporation of several growth factors. One of the crucial elements of this tissue engineering plan is the selection and fabrication of scaffolds. However, further findings suggest that cell behavior hugely depends on mechanical signaling. Nanotopography modifies scaffolds to alter cell migration and differentiation. However, to the best of the author's knowledge, there are very few studies addressing the correlation between nanotopography and dentin-pulp complex regeneration. Therefore, this article presents a comprehensive review of these studies and suggests a direction for future developments, particularly in the incorporation of nanotopography design for dentin-pulp complex regeneration.
PubMed: 33426225
DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.09.007 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022Interaction of oral bacteria with stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) can negatively affect the success of regenerative endodontic treatment (RET). Through RNA-seq...
Interaction of oral bacteria with stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) can negatively affect the success of regenerative endodontic treatment (RET). Through RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis, we studied the effect of the oral bacteria and , as well as their supernatants enriched by bacterial metabolites, on the osteo- and dentinogenic potential of SCAPs in vitro. We performed bulk RNA-seq, on the basis of which differential expression analysis (DEG) and gene ontology enrichment analysis (GO) were performed. DEG analysis showed that supernatant had the greatest effect on SCAPs, whereas supernatant had the least effect (Tanimoto coefficient = 0.05). GO term enrichment analysis indicated that upregulates the immune and inflammatory response of SCAPs, and suppresses cell proliferation and cell division processes. SCAP transcriptome profiles showed that under the influence of the upregulation of , , and genes occurred, which may negatively affect the SCAP's osteo- and odontogenic differentiation. downregulates the expression of and and upregulates the expression of and in SCAPs, the upregulation of which may be detrimental for SCAPs' differentiation potential. In conclusion, the present study shows that in vitro, , , and their metabolites are capable of up- or downregulating the expression of genes that are necessary for dentinogenic and osteogenic processes to varying degrees, which eventually may result in unsuccessful RET outcomes. Transposition to the clinical context merits some reservations, which should be approached with caution.
Topics: Humans; Dental Pulp Cavity; Stem Cells; Osteogenesis; Cell Differentiation; Gene Expression Profiling; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
PubMed: 36430898
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214420 -
Journal of Dental Sciences Jul 2022Tristrontium aluminate (SA) is a hydraulic cement with setting behavior similar to that of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). This study examined the biological effects...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Tristrontium aluminate (SA) is a hydraulic cement with setting behavior similar to that of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). This study examined the biological effects of SA on mouse dental papilla cells (MDPs) and on rat exposed pulps .
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Extracts of SA and MTA were prepared by immersing each cement in ultrapure water. MDPs were cultured with SA or MTA extracts, and cell proliferation was evaluated with a tetrazolium-salt assay. Attachment of MDPs on the set cements was examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). mRNA expression of bone morphogenic protein (Bmp2), osteocalcin (Oc) and osteopontin (Opn) in MDPs exposed to SA or MTA extracts was determined with reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Mineralized nodule formation was evaluated with Alizarin Red S staining. Simulated body fluid (SBF)-dipped SA was examined with SEM and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Exposed molar pulps of male Wistar rats capped with SA or MTA were histologically examined.
RESULTS
SA extract did not inhibit proliferation of MDPs. Set SA and MTA exhibited attachment of MDPs on their surface. SA extract showed significantly higher mineralized nodule formation and mRNA expression of Bmp2, Oc, and Opn than did MTA extract. SBF-dipped SA exhibited formation of surface precipitates, which were composed of Ca, P, Sr, and Al. Direct pulp capping with SA and with MTA induced mineralized tissue repair of the exposed pulp.
CONCLUSION
SA possesses biocompatibility and pro-mineralization effects comparable to those of MTA.
PubMed: 35784112
DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.12.018 -
Endoscopy Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Endoscopic Mucosal Resection; Traction; Dental Devices, Home Care; Carcinoma; Surgical Instruments; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36796445
DOI: 10.1055/a-2011-5788 -
Intractable & Rare Diseases Research May 2022Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by necrotising granulomatous inflammation of upper and lower respiratory tract,...
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by necrotising granulomatous inflammation of upper and lower respiratory tract, vasculitis and glomerulonephritis. This ailment may present with cough, haemoptysis, sinusitis, nasal deformity, skin lesions, malaise, fever, anorexia, and weight loss. Oral manifestation includes strawberry gingivitis, which is a pathognomonic clinical presentation. Here, we present a case of GPA in gingiva as the first manifestation. Clinical examination of the oral cavity revealed granular, erythematous gingival enlargement in the lower anterior teeth region involving papilla, marginal and attached gingiva with shiny and pebbled surface. Histopathological examination showed pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia with vasculitis and inflammation in the connective tissue, neutrophilic infiltration and abscess formation with haemorrhage were noted. Laboratory investigations revealed Proteinase 3 (PR3) antigen and Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antigen were positive. Clinical, histopathological and laboratory investigations enabled the diagnosis of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis. We present this rare case report of GPA with primary manifestation in gingiva.
PubMed: 35702581
DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2022.01045 -
The Saudi Dental Journal May 2024This study aimed to classify the crowns of maxillary central incisors into distinct categories and to examine the associations between these crown forms and morphometric...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to classify the crowns of maxillary central incisors into distinct categories and to examine the associations between these crown forms and morphometric characteristics in an ethnically diverse Asian population. This is significant for the treatment planning and management of cases, especially for the anterior teeth, from the restorative and aesthetic points of view.
METHOD AND MATERIALS
Clinical measurements and photographic data were collected from 160 participants, comprising students, staff, and patients of the Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The crown length, crown width, contact surface, papilla height, papilla fill, keratinized mucosa width, and gingival tissue thickness were measured. Cluster analyses were performed to identify the different crown form categories and corresponding characteristics.
RESULTS
The mean crown width measured 7.093 ± 0.637 mm, while the mean crown length was 10.209 ± 0.966 mm. Three crown-form clusters were identified: triangular (50 %), square/tapered (23.1 %), and square (26.9 %) shapes. The triangular cluster had a significantly higher mean papilla height (4.64 mm ± 0.818) and the highest incidence of incomplete papilla fill (17.5 %). The chi-squared test showed a significant difference in crown forms between the different ethnicities, χ2 (2, 160) = 0.033.
CONCLUSION
Within this diverse Asian population, the crown form demonstrates three clusters: triangular, square/tapered, and square, characterized by a notably small average crown width and crown length. Most participants predominantly exhibited triangular crown forms with reduced crown width, crown length, and crown width/ crown length ratio. Furthermore, noticeable variations in crown forms and their morphometric attributes were observed among the three ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese, and Indians.
PubMed: 38766282
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.02.017 -
European Journal of Histochemistry : EJH Feb 2020The gene expression and protein synthesis of small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), including decorin, biglycan, fibromodulin, and lumican, was analyzed in the...
The gene expression and protein synthesis of small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), including decorin, biglycan, fibromodulin, and lumican, was analyzed in the context of the hypothesis that they are closely related to tooth formation. In situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and organ culture with metabolic labeling of [35S] were carried out in mouse first molar tooth germs of different developmental stages using ICR mice at embryonic day (E) 13.5 to postnatal day (P) 7.0. At the bud and cap stage, decorin mRNA was expressed only in the surrounding mesenchyme, but not within the tooth germ. Biglycan mRNA was then expressed in the condensing mesenchyme and the dental papilla of the tooth germ. At the apposition stage (late bell stage), both decorin and biglycan mRNA were expressed in odontoblasts, resulting in a switch of the pattern of expression within the different stages of odontoblast differentiation. Decorin mRNA was expressed earlier in newly differentiating odontoblasts than biglycan. With odontoblast maturation and dentin formation, decorin mRNA expression was diminished and localized to the newly differentiating odontoblasts at the cervical region. Simultaneously, biglycan mRNA took over and extended its expression throughout the new and mature odontoblasts. Both mRNAs were expressed in the dental pulp underlying the respective odontoblasts. At P7.0, both mRNAs were weakly expressed but maintained their spatial expression patterns. Immunostaining showed that biglycan was localized in the dental papillae and pulp. In addition, all four SLRPs showed clear immunostaining in predentin, although the expressions of fibromodulin and lumican mRNAs were not identified in the tooth germs examined. The organ culture data obtained supported the histological findings that biglycan is more predominant than decorin at the apposition stage. These results were used to identify biglycan as the principal molecule among the SLRPs investigated. Our findings indicate that decorin and biglycan show spatial and temporal differential expressions and play their own tissue-specific roles in tooth development.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Female; Gene Expression; Immunohistochemistry; Mice, Inbred ICR; Molar; Odontogenesis; Pregnancy; RNA, Messenger; Rabbits; Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans; Tooth Germ
PubMed: 32046476
DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2020.3092