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Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences 2022The relationship between many fatty acids and respiratory outcomes remains unclear, especially with regard to mechanistic actions. Altered regulation of the process of...
RATIONALE
The relationship between many fatty acids and respiratory outcomes remains unclear, especially with regard to mechanistic actions. Altered regulation of the process of lung repair is a key feature of chronic lung disease and may impact the potential for pulmonary rehabilitation, but underlying mechanisms of lung repair following injury or inflammation are not well-studied. The epidermal growth factor receptor agonist amphiregulin (AREG) has been demonstrated to promote lung repair following occupational dust exposure in animals. Studies suggest the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may enhance the production of AREG. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between fatty acids and lung function in a population of veterans and determine if fatty acid status is associated with concentrations of AREG.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data were collected from a cross-sectional study of veterans within the Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System. Whole blood assays were performed to quantify AREG concentrations via a commercially available ELISA kit. Fatty acids from plasma samples from the same patients were measured using gas-liquid chromatography. Intakes of fatty acids were quantified with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Linear regression models were used to determine whether plasma fatty acids or intakes of fatty acids predicted lung function or AREG concentrations. A < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
Ninety participants were included in this analysis. In fully adjusted models, plasma fatty acids were associated with AREG production, including the PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (β = 0.33, = 0.03) and the monounsaturated fatty acid octadecenoic acid: (β = -0.56, = 0.02). The omega-3 PUFA docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) was positively associated with lung function (β = 0.28, = 0.01; β = 26.5, = 0.05 for FEV/FVC ratio and FEV % predicted, respectively), as were the omega-6 PUFAs eicosadienoic acid (β = 1.13, < 0.001; β = 91.2, = 0.005 for FEV/FVC ratio and FEV % predicted, respectively) and docosadienoic acid (β = 0.29, = 0.01 for FEV/FVC ratio). Plasma monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids were inversely associated with lung function.
CONCLUSION
Opposing anti- and pro-inflammatory properties of different fatty acids may be associated with lung function in this population, in part by regulating AREG induction.
PubMed: 36188926
DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.773835 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2021Propolis is a resinous natural product collected by honeybees ( and others) from tree exudates that has been widely used in folk medicine. The present study was carried...
Propolis is a resinous natural product collected by honeybees ( and others) from tree exudates that has been widely used in folk medicine. The present study was carried out to investigate the fatty acid composition, chemical constituents, antioxidant, and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity of Jordanian propolis, collected from Al-Ghour, Jordan. The hexane extract of Jordanian propolis contained different fatty acids, which are reported for the first time by using GC-FID. The HPLC was carried out to identify important chemical constituents such as fatty acids, polyphenols and α-tocopherol. The antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities were also monitored. The major fatty acid identified were palmitic acid (44.6%), oleic acid (18:1∆, 24.6%), arachidic acid (7.4%), stearic acid (5.4%), linoleic acid (18:2∆, 3.1%), caprylic acid (2.9%), lignoceric acid (2.6%), -11,14-eicosaldienoic acid (20:2∆, 2.4%), palmitoleic acid (1.5%), -11-eicosenoic acid (1.2%), α-linolenic acid (18:3∆, 1.1%), -13,16-docosadienoic acid (22:2∆, 1.0%), along with other fatty acids. The major chemical constituents identified using gradient HPLC-PDA analysis were pinocembrin (2.82%), chrysin (1.83%), luteolin-7--glucoside (1.23%), caffeic acid (1.12%), caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE, 0.79%), apigenin (0.54%), galangin (0.46%), and luteolin (0.30%); while the minor constituents were hesperidin, quercetin, rutin, and vanillic acid. The percentage of α-tocopherol was 2.01 µg/g of the lipid fraction of propolis. Antioxidant properties of the extracts were determined via DPPH radical scavenging. The DPPH radical scavenging activities (IC) of different extracts ranged from 6.13 to 60.5 µg/mL compared to ascorbic acid (1.21 µg/mL). The xanthine oxidase inhibition (IC) ranged from 75.11 to 250.74 µg/mL compared to allopurinol (0.38 µg/mL). The results indicate that the various flavonoids, phenolic compounds, α-tocopherol, and other constituents which are present in propolis are responsible for the antioxidant and xanthine oxidation inhibition activity. To evaluate the safety studies of propolis, the pesticide residues were also monitored by LC-MS-MS 4500 Q-Trap. Trace amounts of pesticide residue (ng/mL) were detected in the samples, which are far below the permissible limit as per international guidelines.
Topics: Antioxidants; Caffeic Acids; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Fatty Acids; Flavonoids; Free Radical Scavengers; Pesticide Residues; Phenols; Phenylethyl Alcohol; Propolis; Rutin
PubMed: 34443664
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165076 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022Herein, we present a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the compositions of plasmalogens and phospholipids (PLs) in dried big head shrimp (Solenocera melantho),...
Compositional Study of Phospholipids from the Dried Big Head and Opossum Shrimp, Mussel, and Sea Cucumber Using P NMR Spectroscopy: Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Plasmalogen.
Herein, we present a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the compositions of plasmalogens and phospholipids (PLs) in dried big head shrimp (Solenocera melantho), opossum shrimp (Neomysis awatschensis), mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), and sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). We also analyze the fatty acid composition of the extracted lipids, phosphatidyl choline (PtdCho), and plasmalogen choline (PlsCho) from each sample. In big head shrimp, opossum shrimp, and mussel, phosphatidyl choline (PtdCho) was the most abundant PL at 1677.9, 1603, and 1661.6 mg/100 g of dried sample, respectively, whereas the most abundant PL in sea cucumber was PlsCho (206.9 mg/100 g of dried sample). In all four samples, plasmalogen ethanolamine (PlsEtn) was higher than phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PtdEtn). The content (mg/100 g of dried sample) of PlsCho was highest in mussel (379.0), and it was higher in big head shrimp (262.3) and opossum shrimp (245.6) than sea cucumber (206.9). The contents (mg/100 g of dried sample) of PlsEtn were in the order of mussel (675.4) > big head shrimp (629.5) > opossum shrimp (217.9) > sea cucumber (51.5). For analyzing the fatty acids at the sn-2 position of PlsCho, the consecutive treatment with phospholipase A1, solid phase extraction, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and GC-FID were applied. The most abundant fatty acid was eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5, n-3) in big head shrimp and sea cucumber, palmitoleic acid (C16:1, n-7) in opossum shrimp, and docosadienoic acid (C22:2, n-6) in mussel.
Topics: Animals; Bivalvia; Choline; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Ethanolamines; Fatty Acids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Opossums; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipases; Phospholipids; Plasmalogens; Sea Cucumbers
PubMed: 36234786
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196250 -
Metabolic Engineering Communications Jun 2021Docosadienoic acid (DDA, 22:2-13,16) and docosatrienoic acid (DTA, 22:3-13,16,19) are two very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs) that are recently shown...
Docosadienoic acid (DDA, 22:2-13,16) and docosatrienoic acid (DTA, 22:3-13,16,19) are two very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs) that are recently shown to possess strong anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. An ELO type elongase (EhELO1) from wild plant can synthesize the two fatty acids by sequential elongation of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, respectively. Seed-specific expression of this gene in oilseed crop produced a considerable amount of DDA and DTA in transgenic seeds. However, these fatty acids were excluded from the position of triacylglycerols (TAGs). To improve the production level and nutrition value of the VLCPUFAs in the transgenic oilseed crop, a cytoplasmic lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (EhLPAAT2) for the incorporation of the two fatty acids into the -2 position of triacylglycerols was identified from . RT-PCR analysis showed that it was preferentially expressed in developing seeds where was exclusively expressed in . Seed specific expression of along with in resulted in the effective incorporation of DDA and DTA at the position of TAGs, thereby increasing the total amount of DDA and DTA in transgenic seeds. To our knowledge, this is the first plant LPAAT that can incorporate VLCPUFAs into TAGs. Improved production of DDA and DTA in the oilseed crop using EhLPAAT2 and EhELO1 provides a real commercial opportunity for high value agriculture products for nutraceutical uses.
PubMed: 34026531
DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2021.e00171 -
Plant Diversity Feb 2021Nervonic acid (NA, cis-15-tetracosenoic acid) is a very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid that has been shown to be a core component of nerve fibers and nerve cells....
Nervonic acid (NA, cis-15-tetracosenoic acid) is a very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid that has been shown to be a core component of nerve fibers and nerve cells. It can be used to treat and prevent many neurological diseases. At present, commercially available NA is mainly derived from seeds, which contain about 5%-6% NA in their seed oil. The aim of this study were to identify and analyze NA-containing species that could be used as NA resource plants. For this purpose, 46 species seeds were collected in China and in some or all of the seed oils from these species 15 fatty acids were detected, including linoleic acid, oleic acid (C18:1, C18:1), erucic acid, palmitic acid, NA, linolenic acid (C18:3, C18:3), eicosenoic acid (C20:1, C20:1), stearic acid, behenic acid, tetracosanoic acid, arachidic acid, and docosadienoic acid. Nervonic acid was detected in all samples, but the content was highly variable among species. NA content over 9% was detected in eleven species, of which had the highest levels (13.90%). The seed oil content, seed weight, and fatty acid profiles varied among species, but the comprehensive evaluation value (W) showed that could be a new potential NA resources plant. The results also showed that NA was significantly negatively correlated with palmitic acid, oleic acid, and eicosenoic acid, but positively correlated with eicosadienoic acid, behenic acid, erucic acid, and tetracosanoic acid, which indicate the probable pathway for NA biosynthesis in plants. This study has identified species that may serve as NA resources and will help guide subsequent species breeding programs.
PubMed: 33778229
DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.10.003 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023The Chuanzang black (CB) pig is a new crossbred between Chinese local breeds and modern breeds. Here, we investigated the growth performance, plasma indexes, carcass...
The Chuanzang black (CB) pig is a new crossbred between Chinese local breeds and modern breeds. Here, we investigated the growth performance, plasma indexes, carcass traits, and meat quality characteristics of conventional DLY (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) crossbreed and CB pigs. The LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics of pork from DLY and CB pigs, as well as the relationship between the changes in the metabolic spectrum and meat quality, were analyzed. In this study, CB pigs presented lower final body weight, average daily gain, carcass weight, and eye muscle area than DLY pigs ( ˂ 0.05). Conversely, the ratio of feed to gain, marbling score, and meat color score of longissimus dorsi (LD) were higher in CB than DLY pigs ( ˂ 0.05). Moreover, psoas major (PM) showed a higher meat color score and a lower cooking loss in CB than DLY pigs ( ˂ 0.05). Interestingly, CB pigs showed lower myofiber diameter and area but higher myofiber density than DLY pigs ( ˂ 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of , , , and were higher in CB than DLY pigs ( ˂ 0.05). Importantly, a total of 753 metabolites were detected in the two tissues (e.g., and ) of CB and DLY pigs, of which the difference in metabolite profiles in between crossbreeds was greater than that in . Specifically, palmitic acid, stearic acid, L-aspartic acid, corticosterone, and tetrahydrocorticosterone were the most relevant metabolites of meat quality, and tetrahydrocorticosterone, L-Palmitoylcarnitine, arachidic acid, erucic acid, and 13Z,16Z-docosadienoic acid in meat were positively correlated with meat quality. The most significantly enriched KEGG pathways in and pork were galactose metabolism and purine metabolism, respectively. These results not only indicated improved meat quality in CB pigs as compared to DLY pigs but may also assist in rational target selection for nutritional intervention or genetic breeding in the swine industry.
PubMed: 37761184
DOI: 10.3390/foods12183476 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2020Antipsychotic drugs (AP) are used to treat a multitude of psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, APs also have metabolic side...
Antipsychotic drugs (AP) are used to treat a multitude of psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, APs also have metabolic side effects including increased food intake and body weight, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We previously reported that minocycline (MINO) co-treatment abrogates olanzapine (OLZ)-induced hyperphagia and weight gain in mice. Using this model, we investigated the changes in the pharmacometabolome in the plasma and hypothalamus associated with OLZ-induced hyperphagia and weight gain. Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into groups and fed either i) control, CON (45% fat diet) ii) CON + MINO, iii) OLZ (45% fat diet with OLZ), iv) OLZ + MINO. We identified one hypothalamic metabolite indoxylsulfuric acid and 389 plasma metabolites (including 19 known metabolites) that were specifically associated with AP-induced hyperphagia and weight gain in mice. We found that plasma citrulline, tricosenoic acid, docosadienoic acid and palmitoleic acid were increased while serine, asparagine and arachidonic acid and its derivatives were decreased in response to OLZ. These changes were specifically blocked by co-treatment with MINO. These pharmacometabolomic profiles associated with AP-induced hyperphagia and weight gain provide candidate biomarkers and mechanistic insights related to the metabolic side effects of these widely used drugs.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Eating; Female; Hyperphagia; Hypothalamus; Metabolome; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Minocycline; Olanzapine; Weight Gain
PubMed: 33122657
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75624-2 -
Archives Animal Breeding 2019Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a role in a wide variety of physiological processes. They are produced by a series of desaturation and elongation reactions....
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a role in a wide variety of physiological processes. They are produced by a series of desaturation and elongation reactions. -6-desaturase is a membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of -linolenic acid (C18:3 -3) and linoleic acid (C18:2 -6) to stearidonic acid (18:4 -3) and -linolenic acid (18:3 -6). It is encoded by the gene located on bovine chromosome 29. The aim of this study was to identify a single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene and to determine possible associations with milk fatty acid composition in two breeds of dairy cattle, i.e., Jersey and Polish Holstein-Friesian. Direct DNA sequencing revealed the presence of an A-to-G substitution in intron 3 of the gene (rs209202414). Both populations were genotyped with an appropriate PCR-RFLP assay. The following genotype distributions were observed: for Jerseys, 0.24, 0.63, and 0.13; for Polish Holstein-Friesians, 0.17, 0.40, and 0.43. In Jerseys, statistically significant relationships were found between the genotypes and the following milk fatty acids: lauric ( ), behenic ( ), lignoceric ( ), oleic ( ), eicosatrienoic ( ), and docosadienoic ( ). In Polish Holstein-Friesian cows, significant associations were observed for erucic ( ) and docosahexaenoic ( ) acids. The study indicated the A-to-G substitution (rs209202414) in the bovine gene as a potential genetic marker for fatty acid composition in cattle milk.
PubMed: 31807666
DOI: 10.5194/aab-62-547-2019 -
Poultry Science Feb 2024This study aimed to investigate the effect of stevia residue (STER) on the production performance, egg quality and nutrition, antioxidant ability, immune responses, gut...
This study aimed to investigate the effect of stevia residue (STER) on the production performance, egg quality and nutrition, antioxidant ability, immune responses, gut morphology and microbiota of laying hens during the peak laying period. A total of 270 Yikoujingfen NO. 8 laying hens (35 wk of age) were randomly divided into 5 treatments. The control group fed a basal diet and groups supplemented with 2, 4, 6, and 8% STER. The results showed that STER significantly increased egg production, the content of amino acids (alanine, proline, valine, ornithine, asparagine, aspartic acid, and cysteine) in egg whites, and decreased the yolk color (P < 0.05). Additionally, STER significantly increased acetate, HOMOγ linolenic acid and cis-13, 16-docosadienoic acid levels in egg yolk (P < 0.05). IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 levels in serum significantly increased by STER (P < 0.05), while IL-1β significantly decreased (P < 0.05). STER also increased total antioxidant activity (T-AOC) in the liver and estradiol level in the oviduct (P < 0.05), but decreased the cortisol level in the oviduct (P < 0.05). For the intestinal morphology, the jejunal villus height and crypt-to-villus (V:C) significantly increased by STER (P < 0.05). STER increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota (P < 0.05), while deceased Proteobacteria, Desulfobacterota, and Synergistota (P < 0.05). In conclusion, STER improved egg production, quality and nutrition, improved the immune responses, antioxidant capabilities, estrogen level, gut morphology, and increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria while decreased the harmful bacteria. Among all treatments, 4 and 6% STER supplementation yielded the most favorable results in terms of enhancing production performance, egg nutrition, gut health, and immune capabilities in laying hens.
Topics: Animals; Female; Antioxidants; Stevia; Chickens; Dietary Supplements; Diet; Animal Feed
PubMed: 38141275
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103324 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Honey produced by contains minor components present in the nectar collected from plants. Various studies of honey components and all other bee products can be...
Honey produced by contains minor components present in the nectar collected from plants. Various studies of honey components and all other bee products can be informative in assessing their quality. The aim of the present study was to determine the content and composition of fatty acids (FAs) in sea buckthorn oil (SBO), royal jelly (RJ) and bee pollen (BP) and the changes in FAs content in these products during storage. The diversity of FAs and the effect of storage time on FAs content was also evaluated for the prepared-for-preservation mixtures, which included the following samples: pollen mixed with honey at a ratio of 1:2 (/); sample BPH, a well; BPH + 1% (/) SBO; and BPH + 1% (/) SBO + 2% (/) RJ. Fresh bee-collected pollen and RJ were stored at -20 °C, whereas the conserved samples were stored at +4 °C in hermetically sealed jars. The data revealed that RJ demonstrated the highest diversity of fatty acids compared to BP and BP prepared for storage with honey along with SBO and RJ. Palmitic and stearic acids were found in the highest amounts out of the eight saturated fatty acids identified in the studied SBO and RJ. The amount of these fatty acids in RJ compared to SBO was 1.27 and 6.14 times higher, respectively. In total, twenty-two unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) were identified in RJ and fourteen were found in SBO. The SBO used in this study was found to be high in linoleic acid, resulting in an increased n-6 fatty acids ratio in the prepared samples. Essential fatty acids eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) were found in RJ, as well as in BP and BP mixed with honey. These FAs were not identified in the samples prepared with SBO even in the sample supplemented with RJ. The highest decrease in docosadienoic fatty acid was found in the BPH sample compared to BP, while arachidonic acid mostly decreased in BPH + 1% SBO compared to the BPH + 1% (/) SBO + 2% (/) RJ samples stored at +4 °C. Bee-collected pollen had the greatest influence on the number of FAs in its mixture with honey.
PubMed: 37685097
DOI: 10.3390/foods12173164