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Violence Against Women Jun 2023This article looks at how contemporary Italian films address issues of the tragedy and horror of domestic abuse and attempt to create a space for reflection and change....
This article looks at how contemporary Italian films address issues of the tragedy and horror of domestic abuse and attempt to create a space for reflection and change. Ferzan Ozpetek's 2008, Andrès Arce Maldonado's 2017 Ivano De Matteo's (2016) () ultimately challenge the perception of domestic violence as a fixed and unchangeable condition for women. The films explore how female solidarity, empathy, and care can serve as pathways to combatting the isolation, guilt, and associated emotions that prevent women from seeking or finding .
Topics: Female; Humans; Domestic Violence; Emotions; Empathy
PubMed: 36916224
DOI: 10.1177/10778012231162036 -
Monash Bioethics Review Jun 2022Lockdowns in Australia have been strict and lengthy. Policy-makers appear to have given the preservation of quantity of lives strong priority over the preservation of...
Lockdowns in Australia have been strict and lengthy. Policy-makers appear to have given the preservation of quantity of lives strong priority over the preservation of quality of lives. But thought-experiments in population ethics suggest that this is not always the right priority. In this paper, I'll discuss both negative impacts on quantity of lives caused by the lockdowns themselves, including an increase in domestic violence, and negative impacts on quality of lives caused by lockdowns, in order to raise the question of whether we each had reason to choose quantity over quality in our own lives in a way that would justify the lockdowns we had.
Topics: Australia; Domestic Violence; Humans
PubMed: 35306628
DOI: 10.1007/s40592-022-00155-7 -
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal =... Mar 2021Domestic violence is a serious and often underreported problem. No studies on domestic violence have been conducted in Oman.
BACKGROUND
Domestic violence is a serious and often underreported problem. No studies on domestic violence have been conducted in Oman.
AIMS
This study determined the prevalence and risk factors of emotional and/or physical domestic violence in Omani women, and the help-seeking behaviour of those experiencing domestic violence.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study in 2019 included literate women aged 18-60 years old attending primary health care centres in Muscat region. A self-administered questionnaire was used to record the characteristics of the women and determine the prevalence of emotional and physical domestic violence. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for domestic violence.
RESULTS
Of 1051 women approached, 978 agreed to participate. Mean age of the women was 30.6 (standard deviation 6.9) years. Domestic violence was reported by 28.8% (282/978) of women: 21.0% (205/978) had experienced emotional domestic violence, 18.0% (176/978) physical domestic violence and 10.1% (99) both emotional and physical domestic violence. Domestic violence was significantly associated with husband's alcohol consumption (odds ratio (OR) = 9.85, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.00-96.94), feeling depressed (OR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.75-4.81), insomnia (OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.57-4.10) and somatic symptoms (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.08-2.78). Only 5.4% (11/205) of women experiencing emotional violence and 6.3% (11/176) experiencing physical violence had sought help from their doctors.
CONCLUSION
Emotional and physical domestic violence against women is common in Oman and is associated with poor health outcomes. Addressing domestic violence in Oman is important and requires collaboration between different sectors.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Domestic Violence; Female; Help-Seeking Behavior; Humans; Middle Aged; Oman; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 33788213
DOI: 10.26719/2021.27.3.242 -
Addiction (Abingdon, England) Aug 2023Restrictive late-night alcohol policies are aimed at reducing alcohol-related violence but, to date, no evaluations of their impact on family and domestic violence have...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Restrictive late-night alcohol policies are aimed at reducing alcohol-related violence but, to date, no evaluations of their impact on family and domestic violence have been conducted. This study aimed to measure whether modifying the drinking environment and restricting on-site trading hours affected reported rates of family and domestic violence.
DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
This study used a non-equivalent control group design with two treatment sites and two matched control sites with pre- and postintervention data on rates of family and domestic violence assaults within local catchment areas of four late-night entertainment precincts in New South Wales, Australia, covering a population of 27 309 people. Participants comprised monthly counts of police-recorded incidents of domestic violence assaults from January 2001 to December 2019.
INTERVENTIONS AND COMPARATORS
Two variations of restrictive late-night interventions were used: restricted entry to late-night venues after 1:30 a.m., trading ceasing at 3:30 a.m. and other restrictions on alcohol service (Newcastle); and restricted entry to late-night venues after 1 a.m. and a range of restrictions on alcohol service (Hamilton). The comparators were no restrictions on late-night trading or modifications of the drinking environment (Wollongong and Maitland).
MEASUREMENTS
Measurements involved the rate, type and timing of reported family and domestic violence assaults.
FINDINGS
Reported rates of domestic violence assaults fell at both intervention sites, while reported domestic violence assaults increased over time in the control sites. The protective effects in Newcastle were robust and statistically significant across three main models. The relative reduction associated with the intervention in Newcastle was 29% (incidence rate ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.60-0.83) and an estimated 204 assaults were prevented across the duration of the study. The protective effects found in Hamilton were not consistently supported across the three main models.
CONCLUSIONS
Increases to late-night alcohol restrictions may reduce rates of domestic violence.
Topics: Humans; Alcohol Drinking; Commerce; Domestic Violence; Australia; Public Policy
PubMed: 36967701
DOI: 10.1111/add.16192 -
BMC Public Health Mar 2021Hospitals' emergency rooms (ERs) are generally the first point of contact of domestic violence and abuse (DVA) victims to the health care system. For efficient...
BACKGROUND
Hospitals' emergency rooms (ERs) are generally the first point of contact of domestic violence and abuse (DVA) victims to the health care system. For efficient management and resource allocation for ERs to manage DVA-related emergencies in Canada, it is important to quantify and assess the pattern of these visits.
METHODS
Aggregate DVA-related ER visits data, using relevant ICD-10-CA codes, from 2012 to 2016 were retrieved from IntelliHealth Ontario. The 2011 ON-Marg (Ontario Marginalization) indices were linked at the Dissemination Area level to ER data. Descriptive analyses including total number and rate of visits per 100,000 people were calculated, stratified by age and sex. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Relative Index of Inequality (RII) were also assessed.
RESULTS
From 2012 to 2016, 10,935 (81.2% by females and 18.8% by males) DVA-related visits were made to ERs in Ontario. An annual average of 25.5 visits per 100,000 females and 6.1 visits per 100,000 males was observed. Residential instability and deprivation were significant predictors of DVA-related ER visits. No particular site of injury was indicated in 38.5% of visits, 24.7% presented with cranio-maxillofacial (CMF) trauma in isolation, 28.9% presented with non-CMF injuries, and 7.9% visits presented with both CMF and non-CMF injuries.
CONCLUSION
This study identified that the burden of DVA-related ER visits is large enough to warrant timely public health interventions, and observed that certain populations in Ontario experience more DVA and/or are more prone to its impact. Our findings have important implications for various stakeholders involved in planning and implementing relevant policies and programs.
Topics: Crime Victims; Domestic Violence; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Male; Ontario; Public Health
PubMed: 33676476
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10501-9 -
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 2020to analyze the social conditions and life projects of non-pregnant adolescents, pregnant adolescents and pregnant women who are victims of domestic violence.
OBJECTIVE
to analyze the social conditions and life projects of non-pregnant adolescents, pregnant adolescents and pregnant women who are victims of domestic violence.
METHODS
This is a exploratory, descriptive and comparative study of a quantitative and qualitative character. Ninety adolescents between 12 and 18 years old participated in the study, consisting of three groups: Group A (30 non-pregnant adolescents with no history of violence); Group B (30 pregnant adolescents with no history of violence); and Group C (30 pregnant adolescents with a history of violence). The tools used were a questionnaire of characterization of socioeconomic conditions, Inventory of Domestic Violence Against Children and Adolescent Phrases and structured interview.
RESULTS
Group C adolescents had lower schooling, higher school dropout, lower family income and short-term life projects. Final considerations: in life projects and social conditions (marital status, education, living conditions and family income) there was some difference between the groups.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Domestic Violence; Female; Goals; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Pregnant Women; Qualitative Research; Social Conditions; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32490953
DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0111 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jul 2021: The purpose of this study is to evaluate dental medical students' opinions concerning domestic violence from a social and medical standpoint and from the perspective... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
: The purpose of this study is to evaluate dental medical students' opinions concerning domestic violence from a social and medical standpoint and from the perspective of the moral values of the physician-patient relationship. : We performed an observational study with 4- and 5-year dental medical students at the UMF "Carol Davila" in Bucharest from October 2020-May 2021, using a questionnaire containing 20 items on domestic violence (DV). The questionnaire was uploaded online on the e-learning platform where the students have access. To collect the data, we used Microsoft Excel 365, and the statistical analysis was performed using Jamovi. : Of the 600 students enrolled, 415 answered the questionnaire, the answering rate being 69.16%. A total of 215 (53.1%) personally knew victims of DV, 4 (1.0%) considered that violence within a couple is necessary for certain situations, 401 (99.0%) considered that domestic violence is a fundamental problem in today's society, and 170 (41.5%) felt that in domestic violence situations, the blame lies solely with the partner who resorts to physical violence. Regarding the role of the physician, 220 (56%) considered that the physician should breach confidentiality and report cases when patients state they are a victim of DV, 337 (88.2%) thought that free medical treatment should be provided for DV victims who have a dire financial situation, and 212 (56.7%) considered that victims of DV are non-compliant patients. : Domestic violence is a phenomenon well-known to stomatology students, which creates the premise of an excellent physician-patient relationship with them, aiding in proper management of ethical issues such as a potential need to breach confidentiality or evaluate the potential conflicts between autonomy and beneficence.
Topics: Domestic Violence; Humans; Students, Medical; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34440991
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080780 -
Psychiatry Research Jul 2020Intimate partner violence (IPV) is defined as physical or sexual violence, emotional abuse and stalking. It is typically experienced by women but can also be experienced... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is defined as physical or sexual violence, emotional abuse and stalking. It is typically experienced by women but can also be experienced by men. During quarantine due to the COVID-19, home risks to become a very dangerous place for victims of domestic violence.
METHOD
Very recent studies focusing on abusive situations during COVID emergence were identified in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase.
RESULTS
During the COVID-19 outbreak people have encountered an invisible and dark enemy and an experience of impotence. Due to the feelings of frustration and agitation, aggression arises with possible transgenerational transmission of trauma and violence.
CONCLUSIONS
Especially during quarantine and COVID emergence around the world there is a need of programs aimed to prevent acts of domestic violence and to achieve accurate assessment of multiple domains of abuse (psychological, physical, sexual) provided by trained multidisciplinary staffs (including psychiatrists, psychologists, social and legal services).
Topics: Adult; Aggression; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Crime Victims; Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Male; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Quarantine; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32387794
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113046 -
BMC Public Health Apr 2022The novel coronavirus disease 2019 has severely affected communities around the world. Fear and stress of being infected, along with pressure caused by lockdown,...
BACKGROUND
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 has severely affected communities around the world. Fear and stress of being infected, along with pressure caused by lockdown, prevention protocols, and the economic downturn, increased tension among people, which consequently led to the rise of domestic violence (DV). Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the rate of change in DV and its associated factors during the COVID-19 epidemic in Shiraz, Iran.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, 653 individuals with the age of over 15 years from Shiraz were participated through snowball sampling and filled out an online questionnaire through the WhatsApp platform. A 51-item, self-administered and multidimensional (knowledge, attitude, and practice) questionnaire was designed and assessed 653 participants. The gathered data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 25), and variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
In this study, 64.2% of the respondents were within the age range of 31-50 years, and 72.6% of the subjects were female. Furthermore, 73.8 and 73.0% of the individuals were married and educated for over 12 years, respectively. The DV increased by 37.5% during the quarantine period, compared to before the pandemic. The emotional type was the most common type of violence; the sexual type was the least frequent. Multivariate analysis indicated that infection with COVID-19, drug use, high level of co-living observation of anti-COVID prevention protocols, and lower level of physical activity during the quarantine period had a positive and significant association with the occurrence of DV.
CONCLUSION
Based on the obtained results, it is required to implement effective harm-reduction policies and measures in the community due to the increasing rate of DV during the COVID-19 epidemic.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; COVID-19; Communicable Disease Control; Cross-Sectional Studies; Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; Iran; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 35428293
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12536-y -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2023Domestic violence (DV) is a public health crisis that threatens both the mental and physical health of people. With the unprecedented surge in data available on the... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Domestic violence (DV) is a public health crisis that threatens both the mental and physical health of people. With the unprecedented surge in data available on the internet and electronic health record systems, leveraging machine learning (ML) to detect obscure changes and predict the likelihood of DV from digital text data is a promising area health science research. However, there is a paucity of research discussing and reviewing ML applications in DV research.
METHODS
We extracted 3588 articles from four databases. Twenty-two articles met the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
Twelve articles used the supervised ML method, seven articles used the unsupervised ML method, and three articles applied both. Most studies were published in Australia ( = 6) and the United States ( = 4). Data sources included social media, professional notes, national databases, surveys, and newspapers. Random forest ( = 9), support vector machine ( = 8), and naïve Bayes ( = 7) were the top three algorithms, while the most used automatic algorithm for unsupervised ML in DV research was latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) for topic modeling ( = 2). Eight types of outcomes were identified, while three purposes of ML and challenges were delineated and are discussed.
CONCLUSIONS
Leveraging the ML method to tackle DV holds unprecedented potential, especially in classification, prediction, and exploration tasks, and particularly when using social media data. However, adoption challenges, data source issues, and lengthy data preparation times are the main bottlenecks in this context. To overcome those challenges, early ML algorithms have been developed and evaluated on DV clinical data.
Topics: Humans; United States; Bayes Theorem; Domestic Violence; Machine Learning; Unsupervised Machine Learning; Social Media
PubMed: 36981893
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064984