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Academic Pediatrics Aug 2020Victims of family violence are sorted into fragmented systems that fail to address the family as an integrated unit. Each system provides specialized care to each type... (Review)
Review
Victims of family violence are sorted into fragmented systems that fail to address the family as an integrated unit. Each system provides specialized care to each type of victim (child, older adult, adult, animal) and centers on the expertise of the medical and service providers involved. Similarly, researchers commonly study abuse from the frame of the victim, rather than looking at a broader frame-the family. We propose the following 5 steps to create a research paradigm to holistically address the response, recognition, and prevention of family violence.By developing an integrated research model to address family violence, and by using that model to support integrated systems of care, we propose a fundamental paradigm shift to improve the lives of families living with and suffering from violence.
Topics: Adult; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Child; Dogs; Domestic Violence; Ethics, Research; Family; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Research; Research Design
PubMed: 31991169
DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.01.010 -
Child Abuse & Neglect Dec 2023Violence against children can have extensive, long-term, and far-reaching adverse impacts on survivors and society. There is currently little consensus in the United... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Violence against children can have extensive, long-term, and far-reaching adverse impacts on survivors and society. There is currently little consensus in the United Kingdom around the prevalence of violence against children: maltreatment, intimate partner violence, sexual violence, bullying, and community violence, and most existing studies focus on only a single or a few forms of violence. This study aims to produce data to highlight the current magnitude of the problem in the UK, to inform policy, drive action and allow for monitoring of progress over time.
OBJECTIVE
To produce weighted prevalence estimates by violence type, as well as gender and age sub-categories, to give as full a picture as possible of the current prevalence of violence against children in the UK.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING
The prevalence of violence against children from 23 self-report studies conducted in the United Kingdom was gathered through a systematic review.
METHODS
Databases were searched from inception to 24th June 2022. Studies were reviewed systematically for appropriate data and meta-analyses were conducted to give pooled prevalence data based on a quality effects model.
RESULTS
The most prevalent self-reported experience of childhood violence was community violence at 27.33 % (95 % CI [9.84, 48.97]). Prevalence of bullying was also high at 22.75 % (95 % CI [13.25, 33.86]). The most prevalent forms of child maltreatment were domestic violence exposure at 11.9 % (95 % CI [6.34, 18.84]) and emotional maltreatment at 11.84 % (95 % CI [5.58, 19.89]).
CONCLUSION
National child maltreatment surveys are needed in the UK, using a comprehensive and conceptually robust approach, and valid and reliable instruments, to provide data for researchers and policymakers on the prevalence of all types of violence against children including exposure to multiple types. This allows monitoring of trends over time, can inform strategies for prevention, and can enable monitoring of future progress in reducing violence against children and its associated health and economic burden.
Topics: Humans; Child; Prevalence; Domestic Violence; Child Abuse; Intimate Partner Violence; United Kingdom
PubMed: 37944361
DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106518 -
Violence Against Women Dec 2021Domestic violence (DV) experienced by immigrant women is a public health concern. In collaboration with a community agency, researchers undertook a retrospective review...
Domestic violence (DV) experienced by immigrant women is a public health concern. In collaboration with a community agency, researchers undertook a retrospective review of 1,763 client files from 2006-2014. The three aims were to document the incidence of DV, service needs associated with DV, and identification of risk factors associated with DV in the extracted file data. About 41% reported DV and required multiple services. Separated and divorced women, and women on visitor/temporary visas showed the highest risk. The results underscore the value of research partnerships with community-based service agencies in increasing our understanding of DV among immigrant women.
Topics: Domestic Violence; Emigrants and Immigrants; Female; Humans; Public Health; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33506739
DOI: 10.1177/1077801220984174 -
Journal of Osteopathic Medicine Dec 1998Domestic violence is a serious, complex, public health problem, which is more common than many physicians realize. Although certain characteristics may be associated...
Domestic violence is a serious, complex, public health problem, which is more common than many physicians realize. Although certain characteristics may be associated with the victim and perpetrator, they have limited value in identification or prediction of partner violence. Any woman may be a victim and any man, a perpetrator; therefore, universal screening for partner abuse is encouraged. The medical and psychological consequences of domestic violence are often of tragic proportion, for both the woman and her children. Unfortunately, unless asked directly and in a supportive fashion, many women will remain silent and continue to be victimized.
Topics: Male; Child; Humans; Female; Physicians, Primary Care; Domestic Violence; Spouse Abuse
PubMed: 37043746
DOI: 10.1515/jom-1998-0125 -
Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare :... Dec 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Domestic Violence; Humans; Pandemics; Technology
PubMed: 34741841
DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2021.100675 -
Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Aug 2022Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to occurrence of autoimmune diseases in adults, including psoriasis.
INTRODUCTION
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to occurrence of autoimmune diseases in adults, including psoriasis.
OBJECTIVES
To study the prevalence of ACEs in psoriasis patients, comparing them with a sample from the general population.
METHODS
Three hundred and eighteen individuals were included (104 psoriasis patients and 214 controls). Patients and controls answered questions on an ACE study questionnaire about experiences of childhood abuse, negligence, domestic violence, and household dysfunction. Questionnaire scores range from zero (best result) to 8 (worst scenario). Psoriasis patients' charts were reviewed for epidemiological, clinical, and treatment data. A Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) was calculated from measurements taken when the questionnaire was administered.
RESULTS
Psoriasis patients reported a median of 4 ACEs (interquartile range [IQR] = 3-5) while controls had a median of 3 (IQR = 2-4) with p < 0.0001. The number of ACEs was not associated with PASI, age of disease onset, or presence of associated arthritis (all p > 0.5). Female psoriasis patients had more ACEs than males (p = 0.04).
CONCLUSION
Patients with psoriasis have more ACEs than controls and ACEs were more common in female patients.
Topics: Adult; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Child; Child Abuse; Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; Male; Psoriasis; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33984200
DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0251 -
Globalization and Health Jun 2021Due to COVID-19, domestic violence victims face a range of mental health challenges, possibly resulting in substantial human and economic consequences. However, there is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Due to COVID-19, domestic violence victims face a range of mental health challenges, possibly resulting in substantial human and economic consequences. However, there is a lack of mental health interventions tailored to domestic violence victims and in the context of COVID-19. In this study, we aim to identify interventions that can improve domestic violence victims' mental health amid the COVID-19 pandemic to address the research gap.
MAIN TEXT
Drawing insights from established COVID-19 review frameworks and a comprehensive review of PubMed literature, we obtained information on interventions that can address domestic violence victims' mental health challenges amid COVID-19. We identified practical and timely solutions that can be utilized to address mental health challenges domestic violence victims face amid COVID-19, mainly focusing on (1) decreasing victims' exposure to the abuser and (2) increasing victims' access to mental health services.
CONCLUSION
Domestic violence is a public health crisis that affects all demographics and could result in significant morbidity and mortality. In addition to emphasizing mental health challenges faced by domestic violence victims, multidisciplinary interventions are identified that could provide timely and practical solutions to domestic violence victims amid the pandemic, which range from tailored shelter home strategies, education programs, escape plans, laws and regulations, as well as more technology-based mental health solutions. There is a significant need for more multipronged and multidisciplinary strategies to address domestic violence amid and beyond the pandemic, particularly interventions that could capitalize on the ubiquity and cost-effectiveness of technology-based solutions.
Topics: COVID-19; Crime Victims; Domestic Violence; Humans; Mental Disorders; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 34183030
DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00710-7 -
Annals of Agricultural and... Dec 2019In 2017, the third cyclical study on the scale of domestic violence against schoolchildren and youth in one of the rural communes of the Western Pomerania (Poland) was...
INTRODUCTION
In 2017, the third cyclical study on the scale of domestic violence against schoolchildren and youth in one of the rural communes of the Western Pomerania (Poland) was carried out. The study took into account five forms of violence: mental, physical, neglect, economic and sexual. Previous two editions of the study covered urban-rural (2016) and urban gminas (2015).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The research concept was implemented by means of the representative research method, with the use of auditing questionnaire interview technique, based on a research tool developed on the basis of a number of previous qualitative research and quantitative tests to measure the social scale of domestic violence.
RESULTS
Domestic violence against minors reaches 48.2% in the rural area under study, 51.8% in the urban-rural area and 65.5% in the urban area. In all types of areas the most frequent form of violence is psychological violence, it affects 42.4% of children in rural gminas, 51.3% in urban-rural and 60.5% in urban gminas. In reference to other, less frequent forms of violence, there is also a difference in scale due to the area type.
CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of individual forms of domestic violence varies depending on the type of area: Psychological violence: rural areas - 42.4%, urban-rural - 51.3%, urban areas - 60.5%; Neglect: rural areas - 21.1%, urban-rural - 13.5%, urban areas - 22.3%; Physical violence: rural areas - 17.1%, urban-rural - 20.7%, urban areas - 29.4%; Economic violence: rural areas - 12.6%, urban-rural - 19.2%, urban areas - 29.3%; Sexual violence: rural areas - 3.2%, urban-rural - 3.6%, urban areas - 8.1%.
Topics: Child; Child Abuse; Child, Preschool; Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; Male; Physical Abuse; Poland; Rural Population; Surveys and Questionnaires; Urban Population
PubMed: 31885230
DOI: 10.26444/aaem/103871 -
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal =... Apr 2022Although a silent phenomenon, violence against women has been well studied. Such violence is a universal problem with different regional and cultural patterns; it...
BACKGROUND
Although a silent phenomenon, violence against women has been well studied. Such violence is a universal problem with different regional and cultural patterns; it imposes heavy costs on society.
AIMS
This study aimed to assess the circumstances and features of domestic violence against women in Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran.
METHODS
This was a qualitative study using the grounded theory approach. Individual semi-structured interviews were held with 24 purposely selected women who had experienced domestic violence and who had gone to the Legal Medicine Organization of Mashhad for help. Data were analysed according to grounded theory.
RESULTS
From analysis of the interview data, seven main categories emerged: risk factors of violence; protective factors against violence; excuses for violence; behavioural and cultural challenges in men; inevitable adjustment; escalation of violence; and presenting to legal medicine organizations. Constant comparative analysis of the data led to the identification of inevitable adjustment as the core variable of the study.
CONCLUSIONS
Inevitable adjustment was the main strategy of women to deal with domestic violence against them. Promoting respect for the universal human rights of women, strengthening the network of services and social support for women and enforcing legal protection are necessary to reduce violence against women.
Topics: Domestic Violence; Female; Grounded Theory; Humans; Iran; Male; Qualitative Research; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35545909
DOI: 10.26719/emhj.22.033 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Dec 2020The New South Wales Police Force (NSWPF) records details of significant numbers of domestic violence (DV) events they attend each year as both structured quantitative...
BACKGROUND
The New South Wales Police Force (NSWPF) records details of significant numbers of domestic violence (DV) events they attend each year as both structured quantitative data and unstructured free text. Accessing information contained in the free text such as the victim's and persons of interest (POI's) mental health status could be useful in the better management of DV events attended by the police and thus improve health, justice, and social outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to present the prevalence of extracted mental illness mentions for POIs and victims in police-recorded DV events.
METHODS
We applied a knowledge-driven text mining method to recognize mental illness mentions for victims and POIs from police-recorded DV events.
RESULTS
In 416,441 police-recorded DV events with single POIs and single victims, we identified 64,587 events (15.51%) with at least one mental illness mention versus 4295 (1.03%) recorded in the structured fixed fields. Two-thirds (67,582/85,880, 78.69%) of mental illnesses were associated with POIs versus 21.30% (18,298/85,880) with victims; depression was the most common condition in both victims (2822/12,589, 22.42%) and POIs (7496/39,269, 19.01%). Mental illnesses were most common among POIs aged 0-14 years (623/1612, 38.65%) and in victims aged over 65 years (1227/22,873, 5.36%).
CONCLUSIONS
A wealth of mental illness information exists within police-recorded DV events that can be extracted using text mining. The results showed mood-related illnesses were the most common in both victims and POIs. Further investigation is required to determine the reliability of the mental illness mentions against sources of diagnostic information.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Data Mining; Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Police; Prevalence; Reproducibility of Results; Young Adult
PubMed: 33361056
DOI: 10.2196/23725