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International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022There is growing recognition of the importance of the design of the built environment in supporting mental health. In this context, trauma-informed design has emerged as... (Review)
Review
There is growing recognition of the importance of the design of the built environment in supporting mental health. In this context, trauma-informed design has emerged as a new field of practice targeting the design of the built environment to support wellbeing and ameliorate the physical, psychological and emotional impacts of trauma and related pathologies such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). With high levels of prevalence of PTSD among people escaping homelessness and domestic violence, a priority area is the identification and application of evidence-based design solutions for trauma-informed supported housing. This study sought to examine the scope of existing evidence on the relationship between trauma, housing and design and the correlation of this evidence with trauma-informed design principles, and to identify gaps and opportunities for future research. In response to the commonly articulated limitations of the evidence-base in built environment design research, we combined a scoping review of literature on trauma, housing and design with insights from neuroscience to focus and extend understanding of the opportunities of trauma-informed design. We found that while limited in scope, there is strong alignment between existing evidence and the principles of trauma-informed design. We also identify three areas of future research related to the key domains of safety and security; control; and enriched environments.
Topics: Humans; Housing; Mental Health; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Domestic Violence; Ill-Housed Persons
PubMed: 36361166
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114279 -
Women's Health (London, England) 2022Globally, domestic violence affects women across their life span. Domestic violence against women and children during COVID-19 is a critical and substantial public... (Review)
Review
The global prevalence and its associated factors toward domestic violence against women and children during COVID-19 pandemic-"The shadow pandemic": A review of cross-sectional studies.
Globally, domestic violence affects women across their life span. Domestic violence against women and children during COVID-19 is a critical and substantial public health issue. This review article was aimed to determine the prevalence and its associated factors toward domestic violence against women and children during COVID-19. Several studies showed that the prevalence of domestic violence against women and children has been alarmingly enlarged during this COVID-19. Domestic violence is a significant and essential problem that is occurring all over the world for many years now, but this condition has been augmented during the lockdown situation because of this pandemic. Women and children of the worldwide are facing twin health emergencies that are COVID-19 and domestic violence. The pandemic was found as a threat to commit domestic violence against women and children. This is because, even though the measurements taken to avoid COVID-19 spread are supportive strategies and also the only opportunity to do so, reducing the risk of COVID-19 was found to raise the risk of domestic violence against women and children. Factors associated with domestic violence against women and children were; being housewives, age < 30 years, marriage, husband's age being between 31 and 40 years, physical victimization, and sexual victimization were factors associated with domestic violence. Depression, spending more time in close contact, job losses, financial insecurity, lockdowns, addiction (alcohol or drugs), control of wealth in the family, technology, and quarantine were factors considered as risk factors for domestic violence. This review will serve as a "call to action" to address this crisis effectively by coming together since this crisis is the global aspect. This is a shadow pandemic growing during this COVID-19 crisis and a global collective effort is needed to prevent it. The life of women and children moves from their needs to their rights during this pandemic. It is essential to undertake urgent actions to intervene in it.
Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Child; Communicable Disease Control; Cross-Sectional Studies; Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; Pandemics; Prevalence
PubMed: 35441537
DOI: 10.1177/17455057221095536 -
Sao Paulo Medical Journal = Revista... 2023Specific types of violence such as intimate partner sexual violence and intimate partner homicide occur more frequently in rural areas.
BACKGROUND
Specific types of violence such as intimate partner sexual violence and intimate partner homicide occur more frequently in rural areas.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the knowledge and attitudes of rural healthcare providers regarding cases of domestic violence against women.
DESIGN AND SETTING
Systematic review developed at Universidade Federal de Uberlândia.
METHODS
We conducted an electronic search of six databases, which only included observational studies, regardless of the year, language, or country of publication, except for studies that used secondary data and were exclusively qualitative. Two reviewers performed the selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using a specific Joanna Briggs Institute tool.
RESULTS
Six studies met the inclusion criteria. All the studies had a low risk of bias. Approximately 38% of these professionals identified injuries caused by violence in patients. When asked about knowing the correct attitude to take in cases of confirmed violence, between 12% and 64% of rural healthcare providers answered positively; most of them would refer to specialized institutions and promote victim empowerment and counseling. The number of professionals with an educational background in the field ranged from 16% to 98%.
CONCLUSIONS
The evident disparity across studies shows that some professionals have suboptimal knowledge and require training to adopt the correct attitude when identifying female victims of domestic violence in clinical practice.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
This systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework Database under the registration http://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/B7Q6S.
Topics: Humans; Female; Domestic Violence; Health Personnel; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 38055422
DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0682.R1.180723 -
Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia =... 2020The isolated negative impacts of community violence and family violence on individuals' self-rated health (SRH) are known, but there is little evidence on the combined...
INTRODUCTION
The isolated negative impacts of community violence and family violence on individuals' self-rated health (SRH) are known, but there is little evidence on the combined effect of these two types of interpersonal violence.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the association between exposure to community violence/by strangers and family violence/by acquaintances and negative SRH, distinguishing the type of violence suffered and also considering its cumulative exposure.
METHODS
Epidemiological cross-sectional study developed with data from the National Health Survey (PNS) 2013. Crude multinominal logistic regression models were performed and adjusted to test the association of variables.
RESULTS
All types of violence analyzed were associated with negative SRH. Isolated community/unknown interpersonal violence was associated with SRH as regular (odds ratio - OR = 1.38) and bad (OR = 1.79). Exposure to family violence/by acquaintances was associated with regular (OR = 1.52) and bad (OR = 2.70) self-assessment. Concomitant exposure to the two types of violence was associated with regular (OR = 4.00) and bad (OR = 7.81) health assessments, with this association being of greater magnitude than those for isolated violence.
CONCLUSION
The cumulative effect of exposure to family/known and community/unknown violence enhances the negative assessment of health status. Health professionals must be aware of the multivitaminization and its impact on the health of victims who access health services.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brazil; Cross-Sectional Studies; Domestic Violence; Exposure to Violence; Female; Health Status; Health Surveys; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Self-Assessment; Socioeconomic Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 32491044
DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720200039 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2019Child victimization refers to all possible forms of violence experienced by a child. This issue examines multiple types of victimization through a comprehensive...
Child victimization refers to all possible forms of violence experienced by a child. This issue examines multiple types of victimization through a comprehensive approach. To understand child victimization fully, it should be investigated within the context of family violence. The studies in this issue provide evidence of the prevalence of various types of child victimization. As well as child maltreatment and bullying, the emerging form of cyberbullying is examined in several studies. The family has always been the main focus around child victimization, with parenting style as one prominent example. Studies show that some parenting styles are associated with child maltreatment and therefore have suggested that parenting programs may be effective in reducing child victimization. This issue provides up-to-date studies from different regions around the world. It makes a significant contribution to the current debate in child victimization.
Topics: Child; Crime Victims; Domestic Violence; Humans
PubMed: 31554272
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193569 -
PloS One 2020Health practitioners play an important role in identifying and responding to domestic violence and abuse (DVA). Despite a large amount of evidence about barriers and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Health practitioners play an important role in identifying and responding to domestic violence and abuse (DVA). Despite a large amount of evidence about barriers and facilitators influencing health practitioners' care of survivors of DVA, evidence about their readiness to address DVA has not been synthesised. This article reports a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies exploring the research question: What do health practitioners perceive enhances their readiness to address domestic violence and abuse? Multiple data bases were searched in June 2018. Inclusion criteria included: qualitative design; population of health practitioners in clinical settings; and a focus on intimate partner violence. Two reviewers independently screened articles and findings from included papers were synthesised according to the method of thematic synthesis. Forty-seven articles were included in the final sample, spanning 41 individual studies, four systematic reviews and two theses between the years of 1992 and 2018; mostly from high income countries. Five themes were identified as enhancing readiness of health practitioners to address DVA: Having a commitment; Adopting an advocacy approach; Trusting the relationship; Collaborating with a team; and Being supported by the health system. We then propose a health practitioners' readiness framework called the CATCH Model (Commitment, Advocacy, Trust, Collaboration, Health system support). Applying this model to health practitioners' different readiness for change (using Stage of Change framework) allows us to tailor facilitating strategies in the health setting to enable greater readiness to deal with intimate partner abuse.
Topics: Domestic Violence; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Personnel; Humans; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 32544160
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234067 -
Journal of Interpersonal Violence Aug 2022Despite increased prevalence of domestic violence and abuse (DVA), victimization through DVA often remains undetected in mental health care. To estimate the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Despite increased prevalence of domestic violence and abuse (DVA), victimization through DVA often remains undetected in mental health care. To estimate the effectiveness of a system provider level training intervention by comparing the detection and referral rates of DVA of intervention community mental health (CMH) teams with rates in control CMH teams. We also aimed to determine whether improvements in knowledge, skills and attitudes to DVA were greater in clinicians working in intervention CMH teams than those working in control teams. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial in two urban areas of the Netherlands. Detection and referral rates were assessed at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after the start of the intervention. DVA knowledge, skills and attitudes were assessed using a survey at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after start of the intervention. Electronic patient files were used to identify detected and referred cases of DVA. Outcomes were compared between the intervention and control teams using a generalized linear mixed model. During the 12-month follow-up, detection and referral rates did not differ between the intervention and control teams. However, improvements in knowledge, skills and attitude during that follow-up period were greater in intervention teams than in control teams: β 3.21 (95% CI 1.18-4.60). Our trial showed that a training program on DVA knowledge and skills in CMH teams can increase knowledge and attitude towards DVA. However, our intervention does not appear to increase the detection or referral rates of DVA in patients with a severe mental illness. A low detection rate of DVA remains a major problem. Interventions with more obligatory elements and a focus on improving communication between CMH teams and DVA services are recommended.
Topics: Crime Victims; Domestic Violence; Humans; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Referral and Consultation
PubMed: 33866860
DOI: 10.1177/08862605211004177 -
Women's Health (London, England) 2022Survivors of intimate partner violence are at elevated risk for HIV acquisition, yet there is limited research on the best strategies to optimize biomedical HIV...
BACKGROUND
Survivors of intimate partner violence are at elevated risk for HIV acquisition, yet there is limited research on the best strategies to optimize biomedical HIV prevention, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis among this population. Domestic violence agencies are critical collaborating partners and function as potential entry points into HIV prevention services for survivors; however, limited knowledge regarding HIV prevention has been an important barrier to advocate-led discussions. This study aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate an HIV prevention intervention for domestic violence advocates.
SETTING
A nonrandomized, group-based intervention with pre-intervention, immediate post-intervention, and 3-month post-intervention periods were conducted with multiple domestic violence agencies in Mississippi.
METHODS
Overall, 25 domestic violence advocates participated in the two-session intervention. Surveys were administered to assess pre-exposure prophylaxis knowledge, self-efficacy, subjective norms, and willingness to provide HIV prevention services to intimate partner violence survivors. Generalized estimating equations were conducted to assess change in behavioral outcomes over time.
RESULTS
Compared to pre-intervention, there were significant increases at immediate and 3-month post-intervention in advocates' intervention acceptability, pre-exposure prophylaxis knowledge, and self-efficacy to provide HIV prevention information, discuss pre-exposure prophylaxis eligibility criteria, assist pre-exposure prophylaxis-engaged clients, and initiate pre-exposure prophylaxis counseling.
CONCLUSION
This group-based intervention enhanced domestic violence advocates' acceptability, pre-exposure prophylaxis knowledge, and self-efficacy to offer HIV care information, discuss pre-exposure prophylaxis eligibility, assist pre-exposure prophylaxis-engaged survivors, and initiate pre-exposure prophylaxis counseling with intimate partner violence survivors. Efforts should focus on training domestic violence advocates in HIV prevention care for survivors and also include these agencies in collaborative strategies to reduce HIV incidence.
Topics: Domestic Violence; Feasibility Studies; HIV Infections; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
PubMed: 35001751
DOI: 10.1177/17455065211070548 -
Violence Against Women Aug 2021Key findings are presented from an empirical study profiling 1,474 cases of honor-based abuse (HBA) known to police and victim services in England and Wales. Thematic...
Key findings are presented from an empirical study profiling 1,474 cases of honor-based abuse (HBA) known to police and victim services in England and Wales. Thematic and quantitative (regression) analyses were used to investigate whether and how HBA differed from other forms of domestic abuse and forced marriage. A new typology of HBA is proposed, based principally on the relationship(s) between victim and perpetrator(s). Interpreted within an overarching lens of gender-based violence, it is argued that Type 1 (partner abuse) and Type 3 (partner plus family abuse) are culturally specific forms of domestic abuse, whereas Type 2 (family abuse) is distinct.
Topics: Domestic Violence; England; Humans; Marriage; Police; Spouse Abuse; Wales
PubMed: 32867628
DOI: 10.1177/1077801220952168 -
Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health... Jun 2022To assess the extent of violence that is revealed by screening at first contact with a local out-of-hours emergency medical communication centre (LEMC; Norwegian...
OBJECTIVE
To assess the extent of violence that is revealed by screening at first contact with a local out-of-hours emergency medical communication centre (LEMC; Norwegian 'Legevaktsentral').
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
SETTING
Arendal LEMC, covering 10 municipalities in south-eastern Norway. All contacting patients (telephone or personal attendance) were asked by nurse whether the encounter was related to violence.
SUBJECTS
All first patient encounters at Arendal LEMC.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Number and proportion of cases where the nurses suspected violence, both domestic violence and other violence. Incidence rate of violence, age and gender distribution of patients, time of day and reason for encounter.
RESULTS
Violence was suspected in 336 of 103,467 first patient encounters (0.3%), of which 132 (0.1%) was domestic violence. Patients were female in 50.6% of all violence cases, and in 79% of domestic violence cases. Incidence rates were 137 per 100,000 person-years for all violence, and 53 for domestic violence.
CONCLUSIONS
This study indicates violence may be revealed in three of 1000 first encounters to an LEMC when nurses screen systematically for domestic or other violence.Key points Violence as underlying reason for encounter with primary care emergency health services is probably often not discovered by health personnel. • We examined how often nurses reveal violence upon first contact when systematically asking all patients. • Violence was suspected in 0.3% of cases, and domestic violence in 0.1%. • Among patients with disclosed domestic violence, 79% were female.
Topics: Communication; Cross-Sectional Studies; Domestic Violence; Emergency Medical Services; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Screening
PubMed: 35815833
DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2022.2097615