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International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023The luminescent and photophysical properties of the etioporphyrin-I complex with indium(III) chloride, InCl-EtioP-I were experimentally studied at room and liquid...
The luminescent and photophysical properties of the etioporphyrin-I complex with indium(III) chloride, InCl-EtioP-I were experimentally studied at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures in pure and mixed toluene solutions. At 77 K, in a 1:2 mixture of toluene with diethyl ether, the quantum yield of phosphorescence reaches 10.2%, while the duration of phosphorescence is 17 ms. At these conditions, the ratio of phosphorescence-to-fluorescence integral intensities is equal to 26.1, which is the highest for complexes of this type. At 298 K, the quantum yield of the singlet oxygen generation is maximal in pure toluene (81%). Quantum-chemical calculations of absorption and fluorescence spectra at temperatures of 77 K and 298 K qualitatively coincide with the experimental data. The InCl-EtioP-I compound will further be used as a photoresponsive material in thin-film optoelectronic devices.
Topics: Luminescence; Etioporphyrins; Chlorides; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Toluene
PubMed: 37894849
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015168 -
American Journal of Respiratory and... May 2023In the EOLIA (ECMO to Rescue Lung Injury in Severe ARDS) trial, oxygenation was similar between intervention and conventional groups, whereas [Formula: see text]e was...
In the EOLIA (ECMO to Rescue Lung Injury in Severe ARDS) trial, oxygenation was similar between intervention and conventional groups, whereas [Formula: see text]e was reduced in the intervention group. Comparable reductions in ventilation intensity are theoretically possible with low-flow extracorporeal CO removal (ECCOR), provided oxygenation remains acceptable. To compare the effects of ECCOR and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) on gas exchange, respiratory mechanics, and hemodynamics in animal models of pulmonary (intratracheal hydrochloric acid) and extrapulmonary (intravenous oleic acid) lung injury. Twenty-four pigs with moderate to severe hypoxemia (Pa:Fi ⩽ 150 mm Hg) were randomized to ECMO (blood flow 50-60 ml/kg/min), ECCOR (0.4 L/min), or mechanical ventilation alone. [Formula: see text]o, [Formula: see text]co, gas exchange, hemodynamics, and respiratory mechanics were measured and are presented as 24-hour averages. Oleic acid versus hydrochloric acid showed higher extravascular lung water (1,424 ± 419 vs. 574 ± 195 ml; < 0.001), worse oxygenation (Pa:Fi = 125 ± 14 vs. 151 ± 11 mm Hg; < 0.001), but better respiratory mechanics (plateau pressure 27 ± 4 vs. 30 ± 3 cm HO; = 0.017). Both models led to acute severe pulmonary hypertension. In both models, ECMO (3.7 ± 0.5 L/min), compared with ECCOR (0.4 L/min), increased mixed venous oxygen saturation and oxygenation, and improved hemodynamics (cardiac output = 6.0 ± 1.4 vs. 5.2 ± 1.4 L/min; = 0.003). [Formula: see text]o and [Formula: see text]co, irrespective of lung injury model, were lower during ECMO, resulting in lower Pa and [Formula: see text]e but worse respiratory elastance compared with ECCOR (64 ± 27 vs. 40 ± 8 cm HO/L; < 0.001). ECMO was associated with better oxygenation, lower [Formula: see text]o, and better hemodynamics. ECCOR may offer a potential alternative to ECMO, but there are concerns regarding its effects on hemodynamics and pulmonary hypertension.
Topics: Animals; Acute Lung Injury; Carbon Dioxide; Hydrochloric Acid; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Oleic Acid; Respiration, Artificial; Swine
PubMed: 36848321
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202212-2194OC -
JACC. Heart Failure Dec 2021The increasing burden of heart failure (HF) and emerging knowledge regarding chloride as a prognostic marker in HF have increased the interest in the pathophysiology and... (Review)
Review
The increasing burden of heart failure (HF) and emerging knowledge regarding chloride as a prognostic marker in HF have increased the interest in the pathophysiology and interactions of chloride abnormalities with HF-related factors and treatments. Chloride is among the major electrolytes that play a unique role in fluid homeostasis and is associated with cardiorenal and neurohormonal systems. This review elucidates the role of chloride in the pathophysiology of HF, evaluates the effects of treatment on chloride (eg, diuretic agents cause higher urinary chloride excretion and consequently serum hypochloremia), and discusses recent evidence for the association between chloride levels and mortality.
Topics: Chlorides; Diuretics; Electrolytes; Heart Failure; Humans; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance
PubMed: 34857174
DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2021.07.006 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Jan 2023Selective functional group interconversions in complex molecular settings underpin many of the challenges facing modern organic synthesis. Currently, a privileged subset...
Selective functional group interconversions in complex molecular settings underpin many of the challenges facing modern organic synthesis. Currently, a privileged subset of functional groups dominates this landscape, while others, despite their abundance, are sorely underdeveloped. Amines epitomize this dichotomy; they are abundant but otherwise intransigent toward direct interconversion. Here, we report an approach that enables the direct conversion of amines to bromides, chlorides, iodides, phosphates, thioethers, and alcohols, the heart of which is a deaminative carbon-centered radical formation process using an anomeric amide reagent. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies demonstrate that successful deaminative functionalization relies not only on outcompeting the H-atom transfer to the incipient radical but also on the generation of polarity-matched, productive chain-carrying radicals that continue to react efficiently. The overall implications of this technology for interconverting amine libraries were evaluated via high-throughput parallel synthesis and applied in the development of one-pot diversification protocols.
Topics: Catalysis; Amines; Amides; Bromides; Chlorides
PubMed: 36548788
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11453 -
Nutrients Mar 2024Potassium is a monovalent cation widely present in nature, where it is not in metallic form, but always in combination with other substances, especially chloride [...].
Potassium is a monovalent cation widely present in nature, where it is not in metallic form, but always in combination with other substances, especially chloride [...].
Topics: Humans; Potassium; Chlorides; Potassium Chloride
PubMed: 38542744
DOI: 10.3390/nu16060833 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022Biosurfactants are naturally occurring amphiphiles that are being actively pursued as alternatives to synthetic surfactants in cleaning, personal care, and cosmetic...
Biosurfactants are naturally occurring amphiphiles that are being actively pursued as alternatives to synthetic surfactants in cleaning, personal care, and cosmetic products. On the basis of their ability to mobilize and disperse hydrocarbons, biosurfactants are also involved in the bioremediation of oil spills. Rhamnolipids are low molecular weight glycolipid biosurfactants that consist of a mono- or di-rhamnose head group and a hydrocarbon fatty acid chain. We examine here the micellization of purified mono-rhamnolipids and di-rhamnolipids in aqueous solutions and their adsorption on model solid surfaces. Rhamnolipid micellization in water is endothermic; the CMC (critical micellization concentration) of di-rhamnolipid is lower than that of mono-rhamnolipid, and both CMCs decrease upon NaCl addition. Rhamnolipid adsorption on gold surface is mostly reversible and the adsorbed layer is rigid. A better understanding of biosurfactant self-assembly and adsorption properties is important for their utilization in consumer products and environmental applications.
Topics: Adsorption; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Gold; Hydrocarbons; Rhamnose; Sodium Chloride; Surface-Active Agents; Water
PubMed: 36232408
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911090 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2022As an environmentally friendly separation medium, the ionic liquid (IL)-based aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is attracting long-term attention from a growing number of... (Review)
Review
As an environmentally friendly separation medium, the ionic liquid (IL)-based aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is attracting long-term attention from a growing number of scientists and engineers. Phase equilibrium data of IL-based ATPSs are an important basis for the design and optimization of chemical reactions and separation processes involving ILs. This article provides the recent significant progress that has been made in the field and highlights the possible directions of future developments. The effects of each component (such as salting-out agents and ILs) on the phase behavior of IL-based ATPSs are summarized and discussed in detail. We mainly focus on the phase behavior of ATPSs by using ILs, expecting to provide meaningful and valuable information that may promote further research and application.
Topics: Ionic Liquids; Water; Sodium Chloride
PubMed: 36293560
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012706 -
Nutrients Oct 2021We previously reported that female mice exhibit protection against chemically induced pulmonary fibrosis and suggested a potential role of estrogen. Phytoestrogens act,...
We previously reported that female mice exhibit protection against chemically induced pulmonary fibrosis and suggested a potential role of estrogen. Phytoestrogens act, at least in part, via stimulation of estrogen receptors; furthermore, compared to residents of Western countries, residents of East Asian countries consume higher amounts of phytoestrogens and exhibit lower rates of pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that dietary phytoestrogens ameliorate the severity of experimentally induced pulmonary fibrosis. Male mice placed on either regular soybean diet or phytoestrogen-free diet were instilled with 0.1 N HCl to provoke pulmonary fibrosis. Thirty days later, lung mechanics were measured as indices of lung function and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were analyzed for biomarkers of fibrosis. Mice on phytoestrogen-free diet demonstrated increased mortality and stronger signs of chronic lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis, as reflected in the expression of collagen, extracellular matrix deposition, histology, and lung mechanics, compared to mice on regular diet. We conclude that dietary phytoestrogens play an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and suggest that phytoestrogens (e.g., genistein) may be useful as part of a therapeutic regimen against hydrochloric acid-induced lung fibrosis and chronic lung dysfunction.
Topics: Animals; Chronic Disease; Diet; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Hydrochloric Acid; Inflammation; Leukocyte Count; Lung; Lung Injury; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Models, Biological; Phytoestrogens; Pulmonary Fibrosis; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Mice
PubMed: 34684599
DOI: 10.3390/nu13103599 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2021Chlorine is a critical element with respect to the use of fossil fuel, recycling of industrial wastes, and water purification. Chlorine could form toxic chemical... (Review)
Review
Chlorine is a critical element with respect to the use of fossil fuel, recycling of industrial wastes, and water purification. Chlorine could form toxic chemical compounds, corrode pipe systems and boilers, and contaminate surface and ground waters. Calcium aluminate-layered double hydroxides are one of the most promising materials to remove chlorides due to the chemisorption mechanism, since the phases have positively charged interlayers. Many studies on the synthesis and the characterization of calcium aluminate-layered double hydroxides have been extensively conducted, whereas few studies have been conducted on the chloride removal characteristics of the phases. The state-of-the-art studies on the synthesis methods and the structural characteristics of CaAl-LDH phases, the underlying mechanism on the removal of chlorides, and the potential removal rate and the capacity in the present study were thoroughly reviewed.
Topics: Adsorption; Aluminum Compounds; Calcium Compounds; Chlorides; Chlorine; Hydroxides; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 33801904
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062797 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022A series of gibberellic acid-based aminodiols was designed and synthesized from commercially available gibberellic acid. Exposure of gibberellic acid to hydrochloric...
A series of gibberellic acid-based aminodiols was designed and synthesized from commercially available gibberellic acid. Exposure of gibberellic acid to hydrochloric acid under reflux conditions resulted in aromatization followed by rearrangement to form allo-gibberic acid. The key intermediate, ethyl allo-gibberate, was prepared according to literature methods. Epoxidation of key intermediate and subsequent ring-opening of the corresponding epoxide with different nucleophiles resulted in -substituted aminodiols. The regioselective ring closure of -benzyl-substituted aminodiol with formaldehyde was also investigated. All aminodiol derivatives were well characterized using modern spectroscopic techniques and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines. In addition, structure-activity relationships were examined by assessing substituent effects on the aminodiol systems. The results indicated that aminodiols containing aromatic rings on their nitrogen substituents displayed significant cytotoxic effects. Among these agents, -naphthylmethyl-substituted aminodiols were found to be the most potent candidates in this series. One of these molecules exhibited a modest cancer selectivity determined by non-cancerous fibroblast cells. A docking study was also made to exploit the observed results.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Epoxy Compounds; Formaldehyde; Gibberellins; Humans; Hydrochloric Acid; Molecular Structure; Neoplasms; Nitrogen; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 36142293
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810366