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Topics in Companion Animal Medicine 2023This paper describes the clinical and pathological features of 4 different tumors, located in the integumentary, digestive, and endocrine systems, presenting in a North...
This paper describes the clinical and pathological features of 4 different tumors, located in the integumentary, digestive, and endocrine systems, presenting in a North African hedgehog (Atelerix algirus). A 3.5-year-old female hedgehog was presented with a cutaneous mass on the right flank. The lesion consisted of a well-differentiated dermal mast cell tumor with no recurrence and metastasis after complete surgical excision. Six months later, the hedgehog developed a mass in the left lower jaw, lethargy, anorexia, and progressive weight loss. Clinical and radiographic evaluations revealed swelling, ulceration, displacement, and destruction of subjacent bone tissue, and the animal died 1 month after the onset of clinical signs. At necropsy, 2 neoplasms in the oral cavity (squamous cell carcinoma and histiocytic sarcoma) and multiple myelolipomas in the adrenal glands were detected. Metastasis of the oral squamous cell carcinoma was observed in the lungs. Although neoplasms are frequent in this species, and more than 1 type of tumor in a single individual has been occasionally reported, this is the first description of both myelolipoma and multiple concurrent neoplasms involving various organs and different cellular origins in a hedgehog.
Topics: Animals; Female; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Hedgehogs; Mouth Neoplasms
PubMed: 36587869
DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100758 -
Veterinary Surgery : VS Oct 2022To describe the frequency of incomplete histological margins following planned narrow excision (PNE) of mast cell tumors (MCTs) and soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), and to...
Incomplete histological margins following planned narrow excision of canine appendicular soft tissue sarcomas and mast cell tumors, using the residual tumor classification scheme.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the frequency of incomplete histological margins following planned narrow excision (PNE) of mast cell tumors (MCTs) and soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), and to assess the residual tumor classification (R) scheme for reporting histological margins in clinical cases.
STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective clinical study.
SAMPLE POPULATION
Forty-four client-owned dogs with 47 masses.
METHODS
Medical records of dogs undergoing planned narrow excision of STSs and MCTs were reviewed (2016-2019). Histologic specimens were reviewed by a single pathologist and assigned R scoring (histologically incomplete/R1 margins defined as "tumor on ink").
RESULTS
Six out of 23 (26%) MCT PNEs and 10/42 (42%) of STS PNEs resulted in R1 margins. R1 margins were more likely when performing PNE with 6-10 mm lateral measured surgical margins (LMSMs) versus 0-5 mm LMSM for MCTs (1/14 vs 5/9), but not STSs (3/7 vs 7/17) (P = .049). The R scheme resulted in higher retrospective percentage agreement in histological reporting than defining incomplete histological margin as tumor cells within ≤1 mm of the margin (83% vs 68% agreement). Complications occurred in 12/47 surgeries, with none requiring additional surgery. Tumors recurred in 3/18 (17%) STSs and 2/18 (11%) MCTs.
CONCLUSION
Fewer R1 margins were obtained when PNE with LMSM of 6-10 mm was performed for mast cell tumors. The use of the R scheme increased agreement in histopathological margin assessment.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Planned narrow excision is a viable technique for histopathological diagnosis of appendicular soft tissue sarcomas and mast cell tumors for limb salvage.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Margins of Excision; Mast Cells; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm, Residual; Retrospective Studies; Sarcoma; Seizures; Skin Neoplasms; Soft Tissue Neoplasms
PubMed: 35830150
DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13852 -
Aging May 2021Immune infiltration is a prognostic marker to clinical outcomes in various solid tumors. However, reports that focus on bone and soft tissue sarcoma are rare. The study...
BACKGROUND
Immune infiltration is a prognostic marker to clinical outcomes in various solid tumors. However, reports that focus on bone and soft tissue sarcoma are rare. The study aimed to analyze and identify how immune components influence prognosis and develop a novel prognostic system for sarcomas.
METHODS
We retrieved the gene expression data from 3 online databases (GEO, TCGA, and TARGET). The immune fraction was estimated using the CIBERSORT algorithm. After that, we re-clustered samples by K-means and constructed immunoscore by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model. Next, to confirm the prognostic value, nomograms were constructed.
RESULTS
334 samples diagnosed with 8 tumor types (including osteosarcoma) were involved in our analysis. Patients were next re-clustered into three subgroups (OS, SAR1, and SAR2) through immune composition. Survival analysis showed a significant difference between the two soft tissue groups: patients with a higher proportion of CD8+ T cells, macrophages M1, and mast cells had favorable outcomes (p=0.0018). Immunoscore models were successfully established in OS and SAR2 groups consisting of 12 and 9 cell fractions, respectively. We found immunosocre was an independent factor for overall survival time. Patients with higher immunoscore had poor prognosis (p<0.0001). Patients with metastatic lesions scored higher than those counterparts with localized tumors (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Immune fractions could be a useful tool for the classification and prognosis of bone and soft tissue sarcoma patients. This proposed immunoscore showed a promising impact on survival prediction.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Nomograms; Regression Analysis; Sarcoma; Time Factors
PubMed: 33946044
DOI: 10.18632/aging.202956 -
Veterinary Sciences Sep 2022Background: Gastrointestinal masses in cats are of clinical relevance, but pathological studies with larger case numbers are lacking. Biomarkers such as miRNA have not...
Background: Gastrointestinal masses in cats are of clinical relevance, but pathological studies with larger case numbers are lacking. Biomarkers such as miRNA have not yet been investigated in feline intestinal neoplasms. Methods: A retrospective analysis of pathology reports included 860 feline gastrointestinal masses. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 91 lymphomas, 10 sarcomas and 7 mast cell tumours (MCT). Analyses of miRNA-20b and miRNA-192 were performed on 11 lymphomas, 5 carcinomas and 5 control tissues by ddPCR. Results: The pathological diagnosis identified 679 lymphomas, 122 carcinomas, 28 sarcomas, 23 polyps, 7 MCT and 1 leiomyoma. Carcinomas and polyps were most commonly found in the large intestine, lymphomas were most commonly found in the stomach and small intestine and MCT only occurred in the small intestine. Besides the well-described small-cell, mitotic count <2 T-cell lymphomas and the large-cell B-cell lymphomas with a high mitotic count, several variants of lymphomas were identified. The values of miRNA-20b were found to be up-regulated in samples of all types of cancer, whereas miRNA-192 was only up-regulated in carcinomas and B-cell lymphomas. Conclusions: The histopathological and immunohistochemical (sub-)classification of feline intestinal masses confirmed the occurrence of different tumour types, with lymphoma being the most frequent neoplasm. Novel biomarkers such as miRNA-20b and miRNA-192 might have diagnostic potential in feline intestinal neoplasms and should be further investigated.
PubMed: 36136693
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090477 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Jan 2022To compare wound healing following planned marginal excision of cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) with that of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) and to identify risk factors...
Marginal excision of cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs was not associated with a higher rate of complications or prolonged wound healing than marginal excision of soft tissue sarcomas.
OBJECTIVE
To compare wound healing following planned marginal excision of cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) with that of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) and to identify risk factors for wound healing complications and delay in healing.
ANIMALS
126 dogs that underwent intentional marginal excision of cutaneous MCTs (n = 77) or subcutaneous STSs (49).
PROCEDURES
Medical records of included dogs were reviewed and signalment, tumor size, tumor location, skin closure type, time to healing, reported complications, histopathological grade, and surgical margins were recorded. These variables and outcomes (complication rate and time to complete healing) were compared between dogs in the MCT and STS groups. Potential risk factors for complications and delayed healing were analyzed.
RESULTS
No significant difference between the groups was found in any of the variables. Wound healing complication rates were 29% (22/77) for the MCT group and 31% (15/49) for the STS group. The mean ± SD time to complete healing was 16.5 ± 7.5 days for the MCT group and 17.7 ± 9.3 days for the STS group. These outcomes did not differ significantly between groups. For both groups, the use of subdermal plexus flap reconstruction was associated with the development of complications and increased time to complete healing.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Marginal excision of cutaneous MCTs was not associated with a higher rate of complication or prolonged wound healing, compared with marginal excision of STSs. The use of flap reconstruction in skin closure may delay healing and planned adjuvant therapy. Owners should be counseled regarding these risks and where appropriate and feasible, surgery without reconstruction should be considered.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Mast Cells; Mastocytoma, Skin; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Retrospective Studies; Sarcoma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing
PubMed: 35092664
DOI: 10.2460/javma.21.05.0235 -
Veterinary Sciences Jul 2021Breed predispositions to canine digital neoplasms are well known. However, there is currently no statistical analysis identifying the least affected breeds. To this end,...
Breed predispositions to canine digital neoplasms are well known. However, there is currently no statistical analysis identifying the least affected breeds. To this end, 2912 canine amputated digits submitted from 2014-2019 to the Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG for routine diagnostics were statistically analyzed. The study population consisted of 155 different breeds (most common: 634 Mongrels, 411 Schnauzers, 197 Labrador Retrievers, 93 Golden Retrievers). Non-neoplastic processes were present in 1246 (43%), tumor-like lesions in 138 (5%), and neoplasms in 1528 cases (52%). Benign tumors (n = 335) were characterized by 217 subungual keratoacanthomas, 36 histiocytomas, 35 plasmacytomas, 16 papillomas, 12 melanocytomas, 9 sebaceous gland tumors, 6 lipomas, and 4 bone tumors. Malignant neoplasms (n = 1193) included 758 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 196 malignant melanomas (MM), 76 soft tissue sarcomas, 52 mast cell tumors, 37 non-specified sarcomas, 29 anaplastic neoplasms, 24 carcinomas, 20 bone tumors, and 1 histiocytic sarcoma. Predisposed breeds for SCC included the Schnauzer (log OR = 2.61), Briard (log OR = 1.78), Rottweiler (log OR = 1.54), Poodle (log OR = 1.40), and Dachshund (log OR = 1.30). Jack Russell Terriers (log OR = -2.95) were significantly less affected by SCC than Mongrels. Acral MM were significantly more frequent in Rottweilers (log OR = 1.88) and Labrador Retrievers (log OR = 1.09). In contrast, Dachshunds (log OR = -2.17), Jack Russell Terriers (log OR = -1.88), and Rhodesian Ridgebacks (log OR = -1.88) were rarely affected. This contrasted with the well-known predisposition of Dachshunds and Rhodesian Ridgebacks to oral and cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms. Further studies are needed to explain the underlying reasons for breed predisposition or "resistance" to the development of specific acral tumors and/or other sites.
PubMed: 34357928
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8070136 -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Jan 2021It has been demonstrated that activated mast cells (MCs) are enriched in Kaposi sarcoma (KS) tumors and contribute to the inflammatory microenvironment. Mechanisms...
It has been demonstrated that activated mast cells (MCs) are enriched in Kaposi sarcoma (KS) tumors and contribute to the inflammatory microenvironment. Mechanisms driving MC activation, however, are incompletely understood. We sought to understand whether immunoglobulin E (IgE), a potent activator of MCs, was associated with KS incidence and severity. In a cross-sectional study of untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults with or without KS in Uganda, we found that patients with KS had higher plasma IgE levels than those without KS. After adjustment for age, sex, CD4+ T-cell count, and HIV RNA levels, there was a dose-response relationship between plasma IgE levels and the presence and severity of KS. Higher eosinophil counts were also associated with IgE levels, and plasma interleukin 33 concentrations were higher in individuals with KS. These findings suggest that IgE-driven atopic inflammation may contribute the pathogenesis of KS. Therapies targeting IgE-mediated MC activation thus might represent a novel approach for treatment or prevention of KS.
Topics: Adult; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Interleukin-33; Male; Sarcoma, Kaposi; Severity of Illness Index; Uganda
PubMed: 32561934
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa340 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2024The therapeutic role and prognostic relevance of lymphadenectomy in mast cell tumor (MCT) has historically been evaluated on regional rather than sentinel lymph nodes.
BACKGROUND
The therapeutic role and prognostic relevance of lymphadenectomy in mast cell tumor (MCT) has historically been evaluated on regional rather than sentinel lymph nodes.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES
To update information about the association of histological nodal (HN) classes with clinical outcome in dogs with MCT after tumor excision and extirpation of normal-sized sentinel nodes (SLN) guided by radiopharmaceutical.
ANIMALS
Ninety-four dogs with histologically-confirmed treatment-naïve MCT (71 cutaneous, 22 subcutaneous and 1 conjunctival MCT) were included if without: distant metastases, lymphadenomegaly, concurrent mixed cutaneous, and subcutaneous MCT.
METHODS
This was a monoistitutional cohort study. Tumors characteristics were retrieved and SLNs were classified according to Weishaar's system. Incidence of MCT-related events (local, nodal, distant relapse), de novo MCT or other tumors and death (MCT-related and non-MCT-related), were recorded. Incidence curves were compared among the HN classes.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven dogs had HN0, 19 HN1, 37 HN2, and 11 HN3 SLN. Thirteen (2 HN0, 4 HN2, and 7 HN3) received adjuvant chemotherapies. Kiupel high grade, increasing number of SLN and lymphocentrums were associated with higher HN classes. Five dogs died for MCT-related causes: 1 low-grade (HN0) and 1 subcutaneous (HN3) had a local relapse, 2 high-grade had distant relapse (HN3-HN0) and 1 dog developed disease progression from a de novo subcutaneous MCT. No nodal relapse was registered. Fourteen dogs developed de novo MCTs.
CONCLUSION/DISCUSSION
Low grade/low-risk MCT with nonpalpable and normal sized SLN have a favorable outcome independently from the HN. Result should be considered strictly related to the successful SLN detection guided pre- and intraoperative by radiopharmaceutical markers.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Dog Diseases; Female; Male; Lymphatic Metastasis; Sentinel Lymph Node; Lymph Node Excision; Cohort Studies; Mastocytoma; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38426589
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16997 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2020Mast cell sarcoma comprises a rare aggressive mast cell neoplasia with histological, clinical, and genetic features distinct from other mast cell neoplasm. Until now,...
Mast cell sarcoma comprises a rare aggressive mast cell neoplasia with histological, clinical, and genetic features distinct from other mast cell neoplasm. Until now, prognosis is still poor due to high rates of progression to mast cell leukemia and failure of conventional chemotherapies. Our here presented first report about successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation leading to remission in a case of tonsillar MCS represents a promising potential curative treatment option for this rare and often fatal disease.
PubMed: 32181155
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00219 -
PloS One 2022Cancer is the leading cause of death in dogs, yet there are no established screening paradigms for early detection. Liquid biopsy methods that interrogate cancer-derived...
Clinical validation of a next-generation sequencing-based multi-cancer early detection "liquid biopsy" blood test in over 1,000 dogs using an independent testing set: The CANcer Detection in Dogs (CANDiD) study.
Cancer is the leading cause of death in dogs, yet there are no established screening paradigms for early detection. Liquid biopsy methods that interrogate cancer-derived genomic alterations in cell-free DNA in blood are being adopted for multi-cancer early detection in human medicine and are now available for veterinary use. The CANcer Detection in Dogs (CANDiD) study is an international, multi-center clinical study designed to validate the performance of a novel multi-cancer early detection "liquid biopsy" test developed for noninvasive detection and characterization of cancer in dogs using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of blood-derived DNA; study results are reported here. In total, 1,358 cancer-diagnosed and presumably cancer-free dogs were enrolled in the study, representing the range of breeds, weights, ages, and cancer types seen in routine clinical practice; 1,100 subjects met inclusion criteria for analysis and were used in the validation of the test. Overall, the liquid biopsy test demonstrated a 54.7% (95% CI: 49.3-60.0%) sensitivity and a 98.5% (95% CI: 97.0-99.3%) specificity. For three of the most aggressive canine cancers (lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, osteosarcoma), the detection rate was 85.4% (95% CI: 78.4-90.9%); and for eight of the most common canine cancers (lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, osteosarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, mast cell tumor, mammary gland carcinoma, anal sac adenocarcinoma, malignant melanoma), the detection rate was 61.9% (95% CI: 55.3-68.1%). The test detected cancer signal in patients representing 30 distinct cancer types and provided a Cancer Signal Origin prediction for a subset of patients with hematological malignancies. Furthermore, the test accurately detected cancer signal in four presumably cancer-free subjects before the onset of clinical signs, further supporting the utility of liquid biopsy as an early detection test. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that NGS-based liquid biopsy can offer a novel option for noninvasive multi-cancer detection in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Dogs; Early Detection of Cancer; Hemangiosarcoma; Hematologic Tests; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Osteosarcoma
PubMed: 35471999
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266623