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Microorganisms Aug 2023The aim was to evaluate the relationship between gut dysbiosis and hemodynamic changes (hyperdynamic circulation) in cirrhosis, and between hemodynamic changes and...
The aim was to evaluate the relationship between gut dysbiosis and hemodynamic changes (hyperdynamic circulation) in cirrhosis, and between hemodynamic changes and complications of this disease. This study included 47 patients with cirrhosis. Stool microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Echocardiography with a simultaneous assessment of blood pressure and heart rate was performed to assess systemic hemodynamics. Patients with hyperdynamic circulation had more severe cirrhosis, lower albumin, sodium and prothrombin levels, higher C-reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels, and higher incidences of portopulmonary hypertension, ascites, overt hepatic encephalopathy, hypoalbuminemia, hypoprothrombinemia, systemic inflammation, and severe hyperbilirubinemia than patients with normodynamic circulation. Patients with hyperdynamic circulation compared with those with normodynamic circulation had increased abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacilli, Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Fusobacteria, Micrococcaceae, Intestinobacter, Clostridium sensu stricto, Proteus and Rumicoccus, and decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidaceae, Holdemanella, and Butyrivibrio. The systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output values correlated with the abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacilli, Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Micrococcaceae, and Fusobacteria. Heart rate and cardiac output value were negatively correlated with the abundance of Bacteroidetes. The mean pulmonary artery pressure value was positively correlated with the abundance of Proteobacteria and Micrococcaceae, and negatively with the abundance of Holdemanella.
PubMed: 37764046
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092202 -
Microorganisms Sep 2023species are catalase-positive and coagulase-negative Gram-positive coccoid bacteria that belong to the family Micrococcaceae, order Actinomycetales, and class... (Review)
Review
species are catalase-positive and coagulase-negative Gram-positive coccoid bacteria that belong to the family Micrococcaceae, order Actinomycetales, and class Actinobacteria. Even though they may be relatively rare, they have been increasingly reported as the causes of human infections lately. The present study aims to review all published cases of spp. infections in humans reporting data on epidemiology, microbiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial treatment, and mortality. A narrative review was performed based on a search of Pubmed and Scopus databases in the literature. In total, 73 studies provided data on 102 patients with spp. infections. The mean age of patients was 47 years, and 68.3% were male. The most common types of infection were bacteremia (36.3%), skin and soft tissue infection (18.6%), endophthalmitis (15.7%), infective endocarditis (13.7%), and peritonitis (11.8%), most commonly peritoneal-dialysis-associated. The most frequently isolated species was (46.1%), and antimicrobial resistance was lower for vancomycin (7%) and tetracyclines (6.7%). Vancomycin (47%), cephalosporins (39.6%), and quinolones (36.6%) were the most commonly used antimicrobials. The empirical antimicrobial treatment of spp. infections should include vancomycin as long as antimicrobial susceptibility results are pending. The infection outcome mainly depends on the type of infection and is higher for infective endocarditis. Endophthalmitis is associated with increased rates of low visual acuity after treatment.
PubMed: 37764205
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092362 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023White spot lesions (WSLs) have long been a noteworthy complication during orthodontic treatment. Recently, an increasing number of orthodontists have found that...
White spot lesions (WSLs) have long been a noteworthy complication during orthodontic treatment. Recently, an increasing number of orthodontists have found that adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment with clear aligners are at a higher risk of developing WSLs. The oral microbiota and metabolites are considered the etiologic and regulatory factors of WSLs, but the specific impact of clear aligners on the oral microbiota and metabolites is unknown. This study investigated the differences in the salivary microbiome and metabolome between adolescents with and without WSLs treated with clear aligners. Fifty-five adolescents (aged 11-18) with Invisalign appliances, 27 with and 28 without WSLs, were included. Saliva samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS); the data were further integrated for Spearman correlation analysis. The relative abundances of 14 taxa, including , , , , , , , , , and , were significantly higher in the WSL group than in the control group. Metabolomic analysis identified 27 potential biomarkers, and most were amino acids, including proline and glycine. The metabolites were implicated in 6 metabolic pathways, including alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. There was a correlation between the salivary microbial and metabolomic datasets, reflecting the impact of clear aligners on the metabolic activity of the oral flora. A concordant increase in the levels of , , and some amino acids had predictive value for WSL development. In summary, when adolescents undergo long-term clear aligner therapy with poor oral hygiene habits, clear aligners can disrupt the balance of the oral microecosystem and lead to oral microbiota dysbiosis, thereby increasing the risk of developing WSLs. Our findings might contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of WSLs and provide candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of WSLs associated with clear aligners.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Chromatography, Liquid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable; Microbiota; Bacteria; Metabolome; Amino Acids; Glycine; Dental Caries
PubMed: 37082715
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1119616 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Lung infection is a global health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality and increasing rates of hospitalization. The correlation between pulmonary...
BACKGROUND
Lung infection is a global health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality and increasing rates of hospitalization. The correlation between pulmonary microecology and infection severity remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in lung microecology and potential biomarkers in patients with mild and severe pulmonary infection.
METHOD
Patients with pulmonary infection or suspected infection were divided into the mild group (140 cases) and the severe group (80 cases) according to pneomonia severity index (PSI) scores. Here, we used metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to detect DNA mainly from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collected from patients to analyze changes in the lung microbiome of patients with different disease severity.
RESULT
We used the mNGS to analyze the pulmonary microecological composition in patients with pulmonary infection. The results of alpha diversity and beta diversity analysis showed that the microbial composition between mild and severe groups was similar on the whole. The dominant bacteria were , , , , and , among others. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) results showed that there were significant differences in virus composition between the mild and severe patients, especially Simplexvirus and Cytomegalovirus, which were prominent in the severe group. The random forest model screened 14 kinds of pulmonary infection-related pathogens including , , , , and . In addition, it was found that was negatively correlated with , , , , and in the mild group through co-occurrence network, while no significant correlation was found in the severe group.
CONCLUSION
Here, we describe the composition and diversity of the pulmonary microbiome in patients with pulmonary infection. A significant increase in viral replication was found in the severe group, as well as a significant difference in microbial interactions between patients with mild and severe lung infections, particularly the association between the common pathogenic bacteria and . This suggests that both pathogen co-viral infection and microbial interactions may influence the course of disease. Of course, more research is needed to further explore the specific mechanisms by which microbial interactions influence disease severity.
Topics: Humans; Pneumonia; Microbiota; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Metagenome; Micrococcaceae; Acinetobacter; Bacillus; Coinfection; Fabaceae; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Klebsiella; Lung; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 37900322
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1227581 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Sep 2020Lankacidins are a class of polyketide natural products isolated from that show promising antimicrobial activity. Owing to their complex molecular architectures and...
Lankacidins are a class of polyketide natural products isolated from that show promising antimicrobial activity. Owing to their complex molecular architectures and chemical instability, structural assignment and derivatization of lankacidins are challenging tasks. Herein we describe three fully synthetic approaches to lankacidins that enable access to new structural variability within the class. We use these routes to systematically generate stereochemical derivatives of both cyclic and acyclic lankacidins. Additionally, we access a new series of lankacidins bearing a methyl group at the C4 position, a modification intended to increase chemical stability. In the course of this work, we discovered that the reported structures for two natural products of the lankacidin class were incorrect, and we determine the correct structures of 2,18--lankacidinol B and -lankacidinol. We also evaluate the ability of several - and -lankacidins to inhibit the growth of bacteria and to inhibit translation in vitro. This work grants insight into the rich chemical complexity of this class of antibiotics and provides an avenue for further structural derivatization.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus subtilis; Crystallography, X-Ray; Macrolides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Micrococcus; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Staphylococcus aureus; Stereoisomerism; Streptomyces
PubMed: 32786797
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06648 -
Haematologica Dec 2023Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a Hodgkin lymphoma expressing functional B-cell receptors (BCR). Recently, we described a dual stimulation...
Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a Hodgkin lymphoma expressing functional B-cell receptors (BCR). Recently, we described a dual stimulation model of IgD+ lymphocyte-predominant cells by Moraxella catarrhalis antigen RpoC and its superantigen MID/hag, associated with extralong CDR3 and HLA-DRB1*04 or HLADRB1* 07 haplotype. The aim of the present study was to extend the antigen screening to further bacteria and viruses. The fragment antibody-binding (Fab) regions of seven new and 15 previously reported cases were analyzed. The reactivity of non-Moraxella spp.-reactive Fab regions against lysates of Rothia mucilaginosa was observed in 5/22 (22.7%) cases. Galactofuranosyl transferase (Gltf) and 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (Bdh) of R. mucilaginosa were identified by comparative silver- and immuno-staining in two-dimensional gels, with subsequent mass spectrometry and validation by western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both R. mucilaginosa Gltf and Bdh induced BCR pathway activation and proliferation in vitro. Apoptosis was induced by recombinant Gltf/ETA'-immunotoxin conjugates in DEV cells expressing recombinant R. mucilaginosa-reactive BCR. Reactivity against M. catarrhalis RpoC was confirmed in 3/7 newly expressed BCR (total 10/22 reactive to Moraxella spp.), resulting in 15/22 (68.2%) cases with BCR reactivity against defined bacterial antigens. These findings strengthen the hypothesis of bacterial trigger contributing to subsets of NLPHL.
Topics: Humans; Hodgkin Disease; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Micrococcaceae; Lymphocytes
PubMed: 37139600
DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.282698 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021The oral microbiota has been observed to be influenced by cigarette smoking and linked to several human diseases. However, research on the effect of cigarette smoking on...
The oral microbiota has been observed to be influenced by cigarette smoking and linked to several human diseases. However, research on the effect of cigarette smoking on the oral microbiota has not been systematically conducted in the Chinese population. We profiled the oral microbiota of 316 healthy subjects in the Chinese population by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The alpha diversity of oral microbiota was different between never smokers and smokers ( = 0.002). Several bacterial taxa were first reported to be associated with cigarette smoking by LEfSe analysis, including ( = 1.56E-04), ( = 1.65E-06), and ( = 3.52E-02) at the genus level and ( = 1.55E-02), ( = 8.48E-08), ( = 4.13E-03), ( = 1.79E-06), ( = 3.83E-06), ( = 2.28E-04), and ( = 4.82E-02) at the species level. Two nitrite-producing bacteria that can increase the acidity of the oral cavity, and , were also enriched in smokers with FDR-adjusted -values of 3.62E-06 and 1.10E-06, respectively. Notably, we observed that two acid production-related pathways, amino acid-related enzymes ( = 6.19E-05) and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism ( = 2.63E-06), were increased in smokers by PICRUSt analysis. Finally, the co-occurrence analysis demonstrated that smoker-enriched bacteria were significantly positively associated with each other and were negatively correlated with the bacteria decreased in smokers. Our results suggested that cigarette smoking may affect oral health by creating a different environment by altering bacterial abundance, connections among oral microbiota, and the microbiota and their metabolic function.
Topics: China; Cigarette Smoking; Humans; Microbiota; Micrococcaceae; Prevotella; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34123872
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.658203 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Sep 2023Cadmium (Cd) removal from soil to reduce Cd accumulation in plants is essential for agroecology, food safety, and human health. Cd enters plants from soil and affects...
Cadmium (Cd) removal from soil to reduce Cd accumulation in plants is essential for agroecology, food safety, and human health. Cd enters plants from soil and affects plant growth and development. Hydrogels can easily combine with Cd, thereby altering its bioavailability in soil. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of hydrogel on the complex phytotoxicity caused by Cd uptake in plants and the microbial community structure. Herein, a new poly (acrylic acid)-grafted starch and potassium humate composite (S/K/AA) hydrogel was added to soil to evaluate its impact on tobacco growth and the soil microenvironment. The results indicate that the addition of S/K/AA hydrogel can significantly improve the biomass, chlorophyll (Chl) content, and photosynthetic capacity of tobacco plants during Cd stress conditions, and decrease Cd concentration, probably by affecting Cd absorption through the expression of Cd absorption transporters (e.g., NRAMP5, NRAMP3, and IRT1). Moreover, the application of S/K/AA hydrogel not only reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but also reduced the antioxidant activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), suggesting that S/K/AA hydrogel alleviates Cd toxicity via a non-antioxidant pathway. Notably, we further analyzed the effectiveness of the hydrogel on microbial communities in Cd-contaminated soil and found that it increased the Cd-tolerant microbial community (Arthrobacter, Massilia, Streptomyces), enhancing the remediation ability of Cd-contaminated soil and helping tobacco plants to alleviate Cd toxicity. Overall, our study provides primary insights into how S/K/AA hydrogel affects Cd bioavailability and alleviates Cd toxicity in plants.
Topics: Humans; Cadmium; Biological Availability; Nicotiana; Hydrogels; Arthrobacter
PubMed: 37597289
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115361 -
Microorganisms Jul 2022Antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) are two hazardous metalloid elements, and the biogeochemical cycle of Sb and As can be better understood by studying plant rhizosphere...
Antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) are two hazardous metalloid elements, and the biogeochemical cycle of Sb and As can be better understood by studying plant rhizosphere microorganisms associated with Sb mine waste. In the current study, samples of three types of mine waste-Sb mine tailing, waste rocks, and smelting slag-and associated rhizosphere microorganisms of adapted plants were collected from Qinglong Sb mine, southwest China. 16S rRNA was sequenced and used to study the composition of the mine waste microbial community. The most abundant phylum in all samples was , followed by , , and . The community composition varied among different mine waste types. was the most abundant microorganism in tailings, was mainly distributed in waste rock, and , , and were mainly present in slag. At the family level, the vast majority of were found in tailings, , , and (Subgroup 1) were mostly found in slag, and and were mainly found in waste rock. and are important taxa for reducing heavy metal(loid) mobility, vegetation restoration, and self-sustaining ecosystem construction on antimony mine waste. The high concentrations of Sb and As reduce microbial diversity.
PubMed: 35893564
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081507 -
Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 2024Darier disease is a rare inherited disease with dominant skin manifestations including keratotic papules and plaques on sebaceous and flexural areas. Secondary infection...
INTRODUCTION
Darier disease is a rare inherited disease with dominant skin manifestations including keratotic papules and plaques on sebaceous and flexural areas. Secondary infection of skin lesions is common, and Staphylococcus aureus commonly colonizes these lesions. The aim of the study was to characterize the bacterial microbiome of cutaneous Darier lesions compared to normal-looking skin and disease severity.
METHODS
All patients with a history of Darier followed up at Emek Medical Center were invited to participate in the study. Patients that did not use antibiotics in the past month and signed informed consent had four skin sites sampled with swabs: scalp, chest, axilla, and palm. All samples were analyzed for bacterial microbiome using 16S rDNA sequencing.
RESULTS
Two hundred and eighty microbiome samples obtained from lesional and non-lesional skin of the scalp, chest, axilla, and palm of 42 Darier patients were included in the analysis. The most abundant bacterial genera across all skin sites were Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium, Paracoccus, Micrococcus, and Anaerococcus. Scalp and chest lesions featured a distinct microbiome configuration that was mainly driven by an overabundance of Staphylococci species. Patients with more severe disease exhibited microbiome alterations in the chest, axilla, and palm compared with patients with only mild disease, driven by Peptoniphilus and Moryella genera in scalp and palmar lesions, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Staphylococci were significantly associated with Darier lesions and drove Darier-associated dysbiosis. Severity of the disease was associated with two other bacterial genera. Whether these associations also hold a causative role and may serve as a therapeutic target remains to be determined and requires further investigation.
Topics: Humans; Darier Disease; Male; Female; Dysbiosis; Adult; Middle Aged; Microbiota; Axilla; Skin; Corynebacterium; Young Adult; Propionibacterium; Micrococcus; Severity of Illness Index; Hand; Thorax; Scalp; Aged; Adolescent
PubMed: 38330926
DOI: 10.1159/000537714