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The Journal of Infectious Diseases Oct 2023Molecular imaging of viral infection, using a variety of advanced imaging techniques such as optical and nuclear imaging, can and has been used for direct visualization... (Review)
Review
Molecular imaging of viral infection, using a variety of advanced imaging techniques such as optical and nuclear imaging, can and has been used for direct visualization of the virus as well as assessment of virus-host interactions. Unlike imaging of other pathogens such as bacteria and fungi, challenging aspects of imaging viral infections include the small size of viruses, the complexity of viral infection animal models (eg, species dependence), and the high-level containment needs for many high-consequence pathogens, among others. In this review, using representative viral infections, we discuss how molecular imaging can reveal real-time infection dynamics, improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis, and guide optimization of treatment and prevention strategies. Key findings from human and animal studies are highlighted.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Virus Diseases; Viruses; Host Microbial Interactions; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 37788495
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad247 -
Theranostics 2022Aptamers are single stranded oligonucleotides that fold into three dimensional structures and are able to recognize a variety of molecular targets. Due to the similarity... (Review)
Review
Aptamers are single stranded oligonucleotides that fold into three dimensional structures and are able to recognize a variety of molecular targets. Due to the similarity to antibodies with regards to specificity and affinity and their chemical versatility, aptamers are increasingly used to create targeted probes for molecular imaging and therapy. Hence, aptamer-based probes have been utilized in practically all major imaging modalities such as nuclear imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, x-ray computed tomography, echography and fluorescence imaging, as well as newer modalities such as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Aside from targeting, aptamers have been used for the creation of sensors that allow the localized detection of cellular markers such as ATP . This review focuses on studies of aptamer-based probes for imaging and theranostics since the comprehensive overview by Bouvier-Müller and Ducongé in 2018.
Topics: Aptamers, Nucleotide; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Molecular Imaging; Optical Imaging; Precision Medicine; SELEX Aptamer Technique
PubMed: 35673581
DOI: 10.7150/thno.72949 -
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Aug 2022Bacteria-mediated cancer therapy is a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer that has unique properties, including broad tumor-targeting ability, various... (Review)
Review
Bacteria-mediated cancer therapy is a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer that has unique properties, including broad tumor-targeting ability, various administration routes, the flexibility of delivery, and facilitating the host's immune responses. The molecular imaging of bacteria-mediated cancer therapy allows the therapeutically injected bacteria to be visualized and confirms the accurate delivery of the therapeutic bacteria to the target lesion. Several hurdles make bacteria-specific imaging challenging, including the need to discriminate therapeutic bacterial infection from inflammation or other pathologic lesions. To realize the full potential of bacteria-specific imaging, it is necessary to develop bacteria-specific targets that can be associated with an imaging assay. This review describes the current status of bacterial imaging techniques together with the advantages and disadvantages of several imaging modalities. Also, we describe potential targets for bacterial-specific imaging and related applications.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Neoplasms
PubMed: 35654213
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114366 -
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII Jun 2022Cell-based cancer immunotherapies are becoming a routine part of the armamentarium against cancer. While remarkable successes have been seen, including durable... (Review)
Review
Cell-based cancer immunotherapies are becoming a routine part of the armamentarium against cancer. While remarkable successes have been seen, including durable remissions, not all patients will benefit from these therapies and many can suffer from life-threatening side effects. These differences in efficacy and safety across patients and across tumor types (e.g., blood vs. solid), are thought to be due to differences in how well the immune cells traffic to their target tissue (e.g., tumor, lymph nodes, etc.) whilst avoiding non-target tissues. Across patient variability can also stem from whether the cells interact with (i.e., communicate with) their intended target cells (e.g., cancer cells), as well as if they proliferate and survive long enough to yield potent and long-lasting therapeutic effects. However, many cell-based therapies are monitored by relatively simple blood tests that lack any spatial information and do not reflect how many immune cells have ended up at particular tissues. The ex vivo labeling and imaging of infused therapeutic immune cells can provide a more precise and dynamic understanding of whole-body immune cell biodistribution, expansion, viability, and activation status in individual patients. In recent years numerous cellular imaging technologies have been developed that may provide this much-needed information on immune cell fate. For this review, we summarize various ex vivo labeling and imaging approaches that allow for tracking of cellular immunotherapies for cancer. Our focus is on clinical imaging modalities and summarize the progression from experimental to therapeutic settings. The imaging information provided by these technologies can potentially be used for many purposes including improved real-time understanding of therapeutic efficacy and potential side effects in individual patients after cell infusion; the ability to more readily compare new therapeutic cell designs to current designs for various parameters such as improved trafficking to target tissues and avoidance of non-target tissues; and the long-term ability to identify patient populations that are likely to be positive responders and at low-risk of side effects.
Topics: Humans; Immunotherapy; Lymph Nodes; Molecular Imaging; Neoplasms; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 34657195
DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03073-5 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology Sep 2020: For CE credit, you can access the test for this article, as well as additional JNMT CE tests, online at https://www.snmmilearningcenter.org Complete the test online no... (Review)
Review
: For CE credit, you can access the test for this article, as well as additional JNMT CE tests, online at https://www.snmmilearningcenter.org Complete the test online no later than September 2023. Your online test will be scored immediately. You may make 3 attempts to pass the test and must answer 80% of the questions correctly to receive 1.0 CEH (Continuing Education Hour) credit. SNMMI members will have their CEH credit added to their VOICE transcript automatically; nonmembers will be able to print out a CE certificate upon successfully completing the test. The online test is free to SNMMI members; nonmembers must pay $15.00 by credit card when logging onto the website to take the test.
Topics: Artifacts; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Meckel Diverticulum; Molecular Imaging; Patient Education as Topic
PubMed: 32883776
DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.120.251918 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Aug 2020Gone are the days when medical imaging was used primarily to visualize anatomic structures. The emergence of molecular imaging (MI), championed by radiolabeled F-FDG... (Review)
Review
Gone are the days when medical imaging was used primarily to visualize anatomic structures. The emergence of molecular imaging (MI), championed by radiolabeled F-FDG PET, has expanded the information content derived from imaging to include pathophysiologic and molecular processes. Cancer imaging, in particular, has leveraged advances in MI agents and technology to improve the accuracy of tumor detection, interrogate tumor heterogeneity, monitor treatment response, focus surgical resection, and enable image-guided biopsy. Surgeons are actively latching on to the incredible opportunities provided by medical imaging for preoperative planning, intraoperative guidance, and postoperative monitoring. From label-free techniques to enabling cancer-selective imaging agents, image-guided surgery provides surgical oncologists and interventional radiologists both macroscopic and microscopic views of cancer in the operating room. This review highlights the current state of MI and sensing approaches available for surgical guidance. Salient features of nuclear, optical, and multimodal approaches will be discussed, including their strengths, limitations, and clinical applications. To address the increasing complexity and diversity of methods available today, this review provides a framework to identify a contrast mechanism, suitable modality, and device. Emerging low-cost, portable, and user-friendly imaging systems make the case for adopting some of these technologies as the global standard of care in surgical practice.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging; Neoplasms; Surgery, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 32303598
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.220426 -
Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2022In recent years, imaging technology has made rapid progress to improve the sensitivity of tumor diagnostic. With the development of genetic engineering and synthetic... (Review)
Review
In recent years, imaging technology has made rapid progress to improve the sensitivity of tumor diagnostic. With the development of genetic engineering and synthetic biology, various genetically encoded molecular imaging probes have also been extensively developed. As a biomedical imaging method with excellent detectable sensitivity and spatial resolution, genetically encoded molecular imaging has great application potential in the visualization of cellular and molecular functions during tumor development. Compared to chemosynthetic dyes and nanoparticles with an imaging function, genetically encoded molecular imaging probes can more easily label specific cells or proteins of interest in tumor tissues and have higher stability and tissue contrast Therefore, genetically encoded molecular imaging probes have attracted increasing attention from researchers in engineering and biomedicine. In this review, we aimed to introduce the genetically encoded molecular imaging probes and further explained their applications in tumor imaging.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging; Molecular Probes; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms
PubMed: 36101803
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5473244 -
Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) Sep 2022Craniofacial and appendicular bone homeostasis is dynamically regulated by a balance between bone formation and resorption by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively.... (Review)
Review
Craniofacial and appendicular bone homeostasis is dynamically regulated by a balance between bone formation and resorption by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. Despite the developments in multiple imaging techniques in bone biology, there are still technical challenges and limitations in the investigation of spatial/anatomical location of rare stem/progenitor cells and their molecular regulation in tooth and craniofacial bones of living animals. Recent advances in live animal imaging techniques for the craniofacial and dental apparatus can provide new insights in real time into bone stem/progenitor cell dynamics and function in vivo. Here, we review the current inventions and applications of the noninvasive intravital imaging technique and its practical uses and limitations in the analysis of stem/progenitor cells in craniofacial and dental apparatus in vivo. Furthermore, we also explore the potential applications of intravital microscopy in the dental field.
Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Intravital Microscopy; Molecular Imaging; Osteoclasts; Stem Cells
PubMed: 35980285
DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23498 -
Neuroscience Bulletin Jul 2021Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder associated with both genetic and environmental risks. Neuroimaging approaches have been... (Review)
Review
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder associated with both genetic and environmental risks. Neuroimaging approaches have been widely employed to parse the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying ASD, and provide critical insights into the anatomical, functional, and neurochemical changes. We reviewed recent advances in neuroimaging studies that focused on ASD by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), or single-positron emission tomography (SPECT). Longitudinal structural MRI has delineated an abnormal developmental trajectory of ASD that is associated with cascading neurobiological processes, and functional MRI has pointed to disrupted functional neural networks. Meanwhile, PET and SPECT imaging have revealed that metabolic and neurotransmitter abnormalities may contribute to shaping the aberrant neural circuits of ASD. Future large-scale, multi-center, multimodal investigations are essential to elucidate the neurophysiological underpinnings of ASD, and facilitate the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers and better-targeted therapy.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Brain; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Molecular Imaging; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 33779890
DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00673-0 -
Arthritis & Rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) Aug 2019
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 30835948
DOI: 10.1002/art.40875