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Journal of Echocardiography Jun 2020Similar to what has already occurred in cancer medicine, the management of cardiovascular conditions will likely be improved by non-invasive molecular imaging... (Review)
Review
Similar to what has already occurred in cancer medicine, the management of cardiovascular conditions will likely be improved by non-invasive molecular imaging technologies that can provide earlier or more accurate diagnosis. These techniques are already having a positive impact in pre-clinical research by providing insight into pathophysiology or efficacy of new therapies. Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEU) molecular imaging is a technique that relies on the ultrasound detection of targeted microbubble contrast agents to examine molecular or cellular events that occur at the blood pool-endothelial interface. CEU molecular imaging techniques have been developed that are able to provide unique information on atherosclerosis, ischemia reperfusion injury, angiogenesis, vascular inflammation, and thrombus formation. Accordingly, CEU has the potential to be used in a wide variety of circumstances to detect disease early or at the bedside, and to guide appropriate therapy based on vascular phenotype. This review will describe the physical basis for CEU molecular imaging, and the specific disease processes for the pre-clinical translational research experience.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Contrast Media; Humans; Microbubbles; Molecular Imaging; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 32056137
DOI: 10.1007/s12574-020-00463-z -
Cancer Imaging : the Official... Sep 2022Molecular imaging technologies are increasingly used to diagnose, monitor, and guide treatment of i.e., cancer. In this review, the current status and future prospects... (Review)
Review
Molecular imaging technologies are increasingly used to diagnose, monitor, and guide treatment of i.e., cancer. In this review, the current status and future prospects of the use of molecular imaging as an instrument to help realize precision surgery is addressed with focus on the main components that form the conceptual basis of intraoperative molecular imaging. Paramount for successful interventions is the relevance and accessibility of surgical targets. In addition, selection of the correct combination of imaging agents and modalities is critical to visualize both microscopic and bulk disease sites with high affinity and specificity. In this context developments within engineering/imaging physics continue to drive the growth of image-guided surgery. Particularly important herein is enhancement of sensitivity through improved contrast and spatial resolution, features that are critical if sites of cancer involvement are not to be overlooked during surgery. By facilitating the connection between surgical planning and surgical execution, digital surgery technologies such as computer-aided visualization nicely complement these technologies. The complexity of image guidance, combined with the plurality of technologies that are becoming available, also drives the need for evaluation mechanisms that can objectively score the impact that technologies exert on the performance of healthcare professionals and outcome improvement for patients.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging; Neoplasms; Surgery, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 36068619
DOI: 10.1186/s40644-022-00482-2 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Aug 2019
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging; Molecular Medicine; Nuclear Medicine; Periodicals as Topic; Radionuclide Imaging; Theranostic Nanomedicine
PubMed: 31371618
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.233627 -
The British Journal of Radiology Jun 2020Currently, Nuclear Medicine has a clearly defined role in clinical practice due to its usefulness in many medical disciplines. It provides relevant diagnostic and... (Review)
Review
Currently, Nuclear Medicine has a clearly defined role in clinical practice due to its usefulness in many medical disciplines. It provides relevant diagnostic and therapeutic options leading to patients' healthcare and quality of life improvement. During the first two decades of the 21st century, the number of Nuclear Medicine procedures increased considerably.Clinical and research advances in Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging have been based on developments in radiopharmaceuticals and equipment, namely, the introduction of multimodality imaging. In addition, new therapeutic applications of radiopharmaceuticals, mainly in oncology, are underway.This review will focus on radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET), in particular, those labeled with Fluorine-18 and Gallium-68. Multimodality as a key player in clinical practice led to the development of new detector technology and combined efforts to improve resolution. The concept of dual probe (a single molecule labeled with a radionuclide for single photon emission computed tomography)/positron emission tomography and a light emitter for optical imaging) is gaining increasing acceptance, especially in minimally invasive radioguided surgery. The expansion of theranostics, using the same molecule for diagnosis (γ or positron emitter) and therapy (β minus or α emitter) is reshaping personalized medicine.Upcoming research and development efforts will lead to an even wider array of indications for Nuclear Medicine both in diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging; Nuclear Medicine; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 32401541
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200095 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2022Bioluminescence (BL) is unique cold body radiation of light, generated by luciferin-luciferase reactions and commonly used in various bioassays and molecular imaging....
Bioluminescence (BL) is unique cold body radiation of light, generated by luciferin-luciferase reactions and commonly used in various bioassays and molecular imaging. However, most of the peak emissions of BL populate the blue-yellow region and have broad spectral bandwidths and thus superimpose each other, causing optical cross-leakages in multiplex assays. This study synthesized a new series of coelenterazine (CTZ) analogues, named K-series, that selectively illuminates marine luciferases with unique, blue-shifted spectral properties. The optical property and specificity of the K-series CTZ analogues were characterized by marine luciferases, with K2 and K5 found to specifically luminesce with ALuc- and RLuc-series marine luciferases, respectively. The results confirmed that the luciferase specificity and color variation of the CTZ analogues minimize the cross-leakages of BL signals and enable high-throughput screening of specific ligands in the mixture. The specificity and color variation of the substrates were further tailored to marine luciferases (or single-chain bioluminescent probes) to create a multiplex quadruple assay system with four integrated, single-chain bioluminescent probes, with each probe designed to selectively luminesce only with its specific ligand (first authentication) and a specific CTZ analogue (second authentication). This unique multiplex quadruple bioluminescent assay system is an efficient optical platform for specific and high-throughput imaging of multiple optical markers in bioassays without optical cross-leakages.
Topics: Ligands; Luciferases; Luminescent Measurements; Molecular Imaging; Biological Assay
PubMed: 36261452
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20468-1 -
Pharmacology & Therapeutics Jul 2020Inflammation is a key factor in multiple diseases including primary immune-mediated inflammatory diseases e.g. rheumatoid arthritis but also, less obviously, in many... (Review)
Review
Inflammation is a key factor in multiple diseases including primary immune-mediated inflammatory diseases e.g. rheumatoid arthritis but also, less obviously, in many other common conditions, e.g. cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Together, chronic inflammatory diseases contribute to the majority of global morbidity and mortality. However, our understanding of the underlying processes by which the immune response is activated and sustained is limited by a lack of cellular and molecular information obtained in situ. Molecular imaging is the visualization, detection and quantification of molecules in the body. The ability to reveal information on inflammatory biomarkers, pathways and cells can improve disease diagnosis, guide and monitor therapeutic intervention and identify new targets for research. The optimum molecular imaging modality will possess high sensitivity and high resolution and be capable of non-invasive quantitative imaging of multiple disease biomarkers while maintaining an acceptable safety profile. The mainstays of current clinical imaging are computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US) and nuclear imaging such as positron emission tomography (PET). However, none of these have yet progressed to routine clinical use in the molecular imaging of inflammation, therefore new approaches are required to meet this goal. This review sets out the respective merits and limitations of both established and emerging imaging modalities as clinically useful molecular imaging tools in addition to potential theranostic applications.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Inflammation; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Molecular Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 32325067
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107550 -
Molecular Imaging and Biology Feb 2020
Topics: Awards and Prizes; Biology; Canada; Congresses as Topic; Humans; International Agencies; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 31667716
DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01444-0 -
Theranostics 2022Exploring and understanding the interaction of changes in the activities of various enzymes, such as proteases, phosphatases, and oxidoreductases with tumor invasion,... (Review)
Review
Exploring and understanding the interaction of changes in the activities of various enzymes, such as proteases, phosphatases, and oxidoreductases with tumor invasion, proliferation, and metastasis is of great significance for early cancer diagnosis. To detect the activity of tumor-related enzymes, various molecular probes have been developed with different imaging methods, including optical imaging, photoacoustic imaging (PAI), magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and so on. In this review, we first describe the biological functions of various enzymes and the selectively recognized chemical linkers or groups. Subsequently, we systematically summarize the design mechanism of imaging probes and different imaging methods. Finally, we explore the challenges and development prospects in the field of enzyme activity detection. This comprehensive review will provide more insight into the design and development of enzyme activated molecular probes.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging; Molecular Probes; Neoplasms; Optical Imaging; Photoacoustic Techniques; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35154500
DOI: 10.7150/thno.66676 -
Journal of Neurochemistry Feb 2023Molecular imaging techniques have become important tools to characterize and measure biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels. Nowadays, molecular...
Molecular imaging techniques have become important tools to characterize and measure biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels. Nowadays, molecular imaging techniques are widely used in preclinical and clinical studies to assess the molecular dynamics under physiological conditions and during pathological processes. This special issue on Brain Imaging (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/toc/10.1111/[ISSN]1471-4159.brain-imaging) will highlight some of the recent advances in developing new tools and applying molecular imaging techniques to understand biomarker dynamics in health and diseases.
Topics: Positron-Emission Tomography; Brain; Biomarkers; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 36382604
DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15705 -
Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging Mar 2020
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 32164452
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.120.010494