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European Journal of Clinical... Dec 2020The genital mycoplasmas are a unique group of inherently antibiotic-resistant sexually transmitted bacteria, often associated with non-gonococcal urethritis and...
The genital mycoplasmas are a unique group of inherently antibiotic-resistant sexually transmitted bacteria, often associated with non-gonococcal urethritis and bacterial vaginosis. The MYCO WELL D-ONE is a culture-based assay that aims to detect these organisms whilst concurrently screening them for antibiotic resistance. Urine and/or swabs from 856 informed and consented participants attending Welsh sexual health clinics were subjected to MYCO WELL D-ONE analysis, alongside qPCR and culture titration methodologies to determine sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy. Resistance was confirmed by CLSI-compliant susceptibility testing and genetic mechanisms determined. The MYCO WELL D-ONE displayed a sensitivity and specificity of 91.98% and 96.44% for the detection of Ureaplasma spp., with sensitivity and specificity values of 78.23% and 98.84% for Mycoplasma hominis, compared with qPCR. Swabs harboured significantly greater bacterial loads than urine samples for both Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis. Levofloxacin resistance rates, mediated by Ser83Leu mutation in ParC, for Ureaplasma spp. were 0.54%. Tetracycline resistance rates, mediated by tet(M), were 0.54% and 2% for Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis, respectively; sequence analysis of tet(M)-positive Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis strains isolated from a single individual confirmed separate resistance gene origins. The MYCO WELL D-ONE is a sensitive and specific assay for the detection of Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis in genitourinary medicine samples, facilitating the accurate detection of these organisms within low-technology environments. While good for antibiotic resistance screening, accurate confirmation by MIC determination or molecular methods are required, and more optimally performed on urine samples.
Topics: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Levofloxacin; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis; Sexual Health; Tetracycline; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma Infections; Wales
PubMed: 32725499
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03993-7 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Jan 2024Several genital pathogens affect fertility. The study estimated the seroprevalence of Treponema pallidum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma hominis and identify...
Seroepidemiology of Treponema pallidum, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum in fertility treatment-seeking patients in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
BACKGROUND
Several genital pathogens affect fertility. The study estimated the seroprevalence of Treponema pallidum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma hominis and identify specific factors associated with exposure to at least one of these pathogens in patients seeking fertility treatment in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
METHODS
A seroepidemiological survey was conducted in a major fertility clinic in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Serum samples were screened for eight immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA) against T. pallidum, U. urealyticum, and M. hominis using enzyme-linked immunoassays. Factors associated with seropositivity to at least one of the pathogens were investigated.
RESULTS
The study surveyed 308 patients seeking fertility treatment (mean age: 36.1 ± 6.8 years). Most patients were female (88.0%), 24.9% had at least one chronic comorbidity, 19.3% had a previous genital infection, and 68.1% had been diagnosed with infertility for ≥ 6 months. Ig seroprevalence of T. pallidum (IgG: 3.0%, IgM: 3.2%), U. urealyticum (IgG: 2.6%, IgM: 2.0%), and M. hominis (IgG: 33.9%) was 6.4%, 4.6%, and 49.0%, respectively. Nearly one quarter (23.0%) and one decile (9.2%) of the patients exhibited evidence of ongoing infection (IgM seropositivity) or recent infection (IgA seropositivity) with M. hominis, respectively. Overall, 53.0% of the patients were seropositive for at least one of the screened immunoglobulins. Patients with an education level of secondary schooling or below (66.2%) or those who were unemployed (61.1%) had a higher seroprevalence of IgG antibodies compared with patients with college or higher-level education (48.4%) or those who were employed (48.1%) (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Exposure to T. pallidum or U. urealyticum was relatively low, whereas that to M. hominis was common in the surveyed patients. Enhanced awareness and screening programmes for genital pathogens are crucial to prevent and control the transmission of infections and reduce the growing burden of infertility.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Male; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Mycoplasma hominis; United Arab Emirates; Treponema pallidum; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Infertility; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin M
PubMed: 38039859
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.11.019 -
Infectious Diseases & Clinical... Sep 2022This study aimed to investigate the detection rate of by multiplex PCR test in the genitourinary samples of male patients with suspected urethritis and related symptoms.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the detection rate of by multiplex PCR test in the genitourinary samples of male patients with suspected urethritis and related symptoms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 144 male patients who presented to our department between February 2021 and October 2021, either with urinary symptoms or concerns following unprotected sex, were included in the study.A total of 128 (88.9%) first-void urine samples, 15 (10.4%) urethral swabs, and one (0.7%) semen sample were obtained. NeoPlex STI-14 Detection Multiplex PCR Kit (GeneMatrix Inc. Seongnam, South Korea) was used to investigate any of the following pathogens: , , , , , , , , ,herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), , , and . The patients with positive results for were retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS
The patients' median age was 37 (range: 21 to 71 years old). was the most frequently detected microorganism (n=23; 15.9%). Other microorganisms found in order of frequency were (n=19; 13.2%), (n=15; 10.4%), (n=11; 7.6%), (n=8; 5.6%), HSV-2 (n= 7; 4.9%), (n=6; 4.2), HSV-1 (n=2; 1.4%), (n=1, 0.7%), and (n=1, 0.7%). Fifteen patients (65%) were positive for one or two microbial agents together with , while in eight patients (35%), was the only isolated agent. Six of these eight patients and 14 of the remaining 15 were symptomatic.
CONCLUSION
With the introduction of multiplex PCR tests, including those for , we can expect a higher detection rate of these species of bacteria in male genitourinary samples, which could be the cause of unexplained urinary/urethral symptoms.
PubMed: 38633399
DOI: 10.36519/idcm.2022.172 -
Ginekologia Polska May 2024Genitourinary tract infections in pregnant women are one of the causes of abnormal pregnancy development including miscarriages, premature labor or premature rupture of...
OBJECTIVES
Genitourinary tract infections in pregnant women are one of the causes of abnormal pregnancy development including miscarriages, premature labor or premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Atypical bacteria responsible for reproductive tract infections include Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum. Identification of pathogens and appropriately selected therapy can improve obstetric outcomes in patients with symptoms of threatened miscarriage or threatened preterm labor. The purpose of our study is to analyze the impact of reproductive tract infections with ureaplasma and mycoplasma bacteria during pregnancy.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In the presented study, we retrospectively analyzed the cases of 201 pregnant patients hospitalized in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Poznan Regional Hospital in 2019-2022, who had a swab taken from external os area of the cervix for atypical bacteria - Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma. Only patients with symptoms of threatened miscarriage or threatened preterm labor were included in the study group. Microbiological tests were performed in the hospital laboratory with the Mycoplasma IST 3 test from Biomerieux.
RESULTS
We found a higher incidence of preterm labor in patients with symptoms of threatened preterm labor and a genital tract infection with Ureaplasma/Mycoplasma bacteria, compared to patients not infected with Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma - 31.1% vs 20% (p = 0.098). This observation in the case of Ureaplasma/Mycoplasma monoinfection group applied to 6 patients. - 75% of the group. Pregnant patients who had co-infection with other types of bacteria (48 patients in total) gave birth before 37 weeks of pregnancy in 27.1% of cases. We obtained a significant difference (p = 0.007) when comparing groups with positive and negative cultures for Ureaplasma/Mycoplasma by the presence of monoinfection/coinfection and the week of pregnancy in which delivery occurred. We also noted the effect of atypical bacterial infection for PPROM - this complication preceded preterm delivery in 40% of ureaplasma-positive patients, compared to 20% of PPROM without infection. We found a similar rate of preterm labor and pregnancy loss in Ureaplasma/Mycoplasma-positive patients who received antibiotic therapy (35.7%) compared to a group of pregnant women who did not receive treatment (31.6%).
CONCLUSIONS
Infection of the genital tract with atypical bacteria Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma has a negative impact on the course of pregnancy. Identification of the type of microorganisms in cervical canal secretions of pregnant patients with symptoms of threatened miscarriage or preterm labor seems crucial. The impact of antibiotic therapy though, requires further analysis.
PubMed: 38717222
DOI: 10.5603/gpl.99827 -
Open Forum Infectious Diseases Jun 2023Hyperammonemia syndrome (HS) is a life-threatening condition occurring in solid organ transplant patients, affecting primarily lung recipients, and is associated with...
Hyperammonemia syndrome (HS) is a life-threatening condition occurring in solid organ transplant patients, affecting primarily lung recipients, and is associated with and/or spp infection. The organ donor was a young man who died of hypoxic brain injury and had urethral discharge antemortem. The donor and 4 solid organ transplant recipients had infection with and/or spp. The lung and heart recipients both developed altered conscious state and HS associated with and spp infections. Despite treatment with antibiotics and ammonia scavengers, both the lung and heart recipients died at day +102 and day +254, respectively. After diagnosis in the thoracic recipients, screening samples from the liver recipient and 1 kidney recipient were culture positive for with or without spp. Neither the liver nor kidney recipients developed HS. Our case series demonstrates the unique finding of and spp dissemination from an immunocompetent donor across 4 different organ recipients. Phylogenetic whole genome sequencing analysis demonstrated that samples from recipients and donor were closely related, suggesting donor-derived infection. Screening of lung donors and/or recipients for and spp is recommended, as well as prompt treatment with antimicrobials to prevent morbidity.
PubMed: 37323424
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad263 -
Iranian Journal of Parasitology 2021The present study aimed to determine genetic diversity of isolates with microsatellite markers in Turkey (Nov 2015 to 2016) and to create a web-based microsatellite...
BACKGROUND
The present study aimed to determine genetic diversity of isolates with microsatellite markers in Turkey (Nov 2015 to 2016) and to create a web-based microsatellite typing (MT) approach for the global interpretation of the data. In addition, the endosymbiosis of and virus (TVV) in the isolates was also examined.
METHODS
The allele sizes for each locus were calculated and microsatellite types were determined according to the allele profiles. The population structure was examined with Bayesian clustering method. A website (http://mttype.adu.edu.tr) was created for collection and sharing of microsatellite data. Presence of TVV and in isolates were investigated with electrophoresis and PCR.
RESULTS
Of 630 vaginal samples was detected in 30 (4.7%) and those were used for further analysis. The structure produced by a clustering algorithm revealed eight genetic groups. The typing of isolates according to microsatellites revealed 23 different microsatellite types. Three clones were determined among isolates (MT10 16.7%; MT18 10% and MT3 6.7%). The frequency of TVV and was 16.6% (n=5) and 20% (n=6), respectively.
CONCLUSION
Presence of three clones among 30 isolates indicated that microsatellite-based genotyping was efficient to determine the clonal distribution of isolates. Therefore, a promising tool might be developed further and adapted to the studies dealing with molecular epidemiology of . Microsatellite data from forthcoming studies will be deposited and presented on the website. In addition, we also presented the frequency of two endosymbionts in isolates for the first time in Turkey.
PubMed: 33786050
DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v16i1.5515 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2021() is a flagellated protist parasite that infects the human urogenital tract. The symbiotic relationship between and has been reported. Recent studies have identified...
() is a flagellated protist parasite that infects the human urogenital tract. The symbiotic relationship between and has been reported. Recent studies have identified a new strain, Mycoplasma girerdii ( M. girerdii), present in the vaginal secretions of women and have shown that this strain may be related to trichomoniasis. Here, we evaluated the presence of , and M. girerdii in 312 clinical samples from adult women diagnosed with vaginitis in Zhangye, Gansu province, China. Among these samples, 94, 153, and 48 were , and M. girerdii positive, respectively. Moreover, was highly frequent in 17-30-year-old women in this region. Forty samples (83.3%) positive for M. girerdii were also positive for . Six isolates were successfully cultured, including five isolates that showed symbiotic relationships with . This is the first report to evaluate the genetic characteristics of M. girerdii in China and may therefore provide insights into the effects of M. girerdii on the reproductive health of women.
PubMed: 34200661
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9060706 -
BMC Pediatrics Feb 2021Mycoplasma Hominis is a micro-organism which is a part of the human genitourinary tract flora. Neonates are susceptible to acquire this pathogen either in utero or...
BACKGROUND
Mycoplasma Hominis is a micro-organism which is a part of the human genitourinary tract flora. Neonates are susceptible to acquire this pathogen either in utero or through vertical transmission. In rare cases, it may cause central nervous system infections with severe morbidity and mortality in preterm and term neonates.
CASE PRESENTATION
We present a case of Mycoplasma Hominis meningitis in an extremely preterm neonate who presented with lethargy, tachycardia and seizures on day 7 of life. There was no history of maternal systemic or genitourinary infection during pregnancy and at the time of delivery. Empirical antibiotic therapy for neonatal meningitis was commenced after sending blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed pleocytosis with neutrophilic predominance, but no bacteria was identified on gram staining. Blood culture yielded no growth of any bacterial pathogen. However, growth of Mycoplasma Hominis was suspected in cerebrospinal fluid culture which was confirmed by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase chain reaction analysis. Subsequently, antibiotics were changed to Moxifloxacin and Doxycycline which were given for a total duration of 6 weeks. Multiple cerebrospinal fluid cultures were performed during this treatment. No growth of any pathogen was identified on any of these cerebrospinal fluid cultures.
CONCLUSIONS
We report a rare case of Mycoplasma Hominis meningitis in an extremely preterm neonate which was successfully treated with a combination therapy of Moxifloxacin and Doxycycline. It is important to consider the possibility of Mycoplasma Hominis meningitis in neonates who present with clinical signs and pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid but negative gram staining and no growth on conventional culture media.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Infant, Extremely Premature; Infant, Newborn; Meningitis; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis
PubMed: 33557784
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02532-3 -
IDCases 2021We present a case of a young healthy female who developed recurrent cranial wound infections after a traumatic injury, the etiologic organism finally identified as an...
We present a case of a young healthy female who developed recurrent cranial wound infections after a traumatic injury, the etiologic organism finally identified as an uncommon and difficult to isolate bacterium.
PubMed: 34159053
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01175 -
MBio Jun 2022Trichomonas vaginalis can host the endosymbiont Mycoplasma hominis, an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium capable of modulating T. vaginalis pathobiology. Recently, a...
Trichomonas vaginalis can host the endosymbiont Mycoplasma hominis, an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium capable of modulating T. vaginalis pathobiology. Recently, a new noncultivable mycoplasma, " Mycoplasma girerdii," has been shown to be closely associated with women affected by trichomoniasis, suggesting a biological association. Although several features of " M. girerdii" have been investigated through genomic analysis, the nature of the potential T. vaginalis-" M. girerdii" consortium and its impact on the biology and pathogenesis of both microorganisms have not yet been explored. Here, we investigate the association between " M. girerdii" and T. vaginalis isolated from patients affected by trichomoniasis, demonstrating their intracellular localization. By using an model system based on single- and double- infection of -free isogenic T. vaginalis, we investigated the ability of the protist to establish a relationship with the bacteria and impact T. vaginalis growth. Our data indicate likely competition between M. hominis and " M. girerdii" while infecting trichomonad cells. Comparative dual-transcriptomics data showed major shifts in parasite gene expression in response to the presence of , including genes associated with energy metabolism and pathogenesis. Consistent with the transcriptomics data, both parasite-mediated hemolysis and binding to host epithelial cells were significantly upregulated in the presence of either species. Taken together, these results support a model in which this microbial association could modulate the virulence of T. vaginalis. T. vaginalis and form a unique case of endosymbiosis that modulates the parasite's pathobiology. Recently, a new nonculturable mycoplasma species (" Mycoplasma girerdii") has been described as closely associated with the protozoon. Here, we report the characterization of this endosymbiotic relationship. Clinical isolates of the parasite demonstrate that mycoplasmas are common among trichomoniasis patients. The relationships are studied by devising an system of single and/or double infections in isogenic protozoan recipients. Comparative growth experiments and transcriptomics data demonstrate that the composition of different microbial consortia influences the growth of the parasite and significantly modulates its transcriptomic profile, including metabolic enzymes and virulence genes such as adhesins and pore-forming proteins. The data on modulation from RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) correlated closely with those of the cytopathic effect and adhesion to human target cells. We propose the hypothesis that the presence and the quantitative ratios of endosymbionts may contribute to modulating protozoan virulence. Our data highlight the importance of considering pathogenic entities as microbial ecosystems, reinforcing the importance of the development of integrated diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Ecosystem; Female; Humans; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma hominis; Trichomonas Infections; Trichomonas vaginalis
PubMed: 35608298
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00918-22