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Medicine Nov 2022Artificial joint infection caused by Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum is rare and has not been reported.
RATIONALE
Artificial joint infection caused by Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum is rare and has not been reported.
PATIENTS CONCERNS
A 59-year-old man underwent left total knee arthroplasty for 1 year of pain in the left knee joint. The indwelling urinary catheter was removed after 48 hour of the surgery. On day 8 after the surgery, the patient had fever, increased skin temperature, swelling and redness around the surgical site, and floating patella test (+). According to experience, Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin and Linezolid were administrated. Evident decrease in C-reactive protein was observed after Linezolid administration, while there was no significant improvement in clinical symptoms. Microbiome sequencing was performed, resulting in diagnosis of positive M hominis and U urealyticum. The patient was then treated with Doxycycline in the following 3 months. During the 11-month outpatient follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence of infection.
DIAGNOSIS
Microbiome sequencing was performed, resulting in diagnosis of positive M hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum.
INTERVENTIONS
The patient recovered following with Doxycycline in the following 3 months.
OUTCOMES
During the 11-month outpatient follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence of infection.
LESSONS
M hominis and U urealyticum are common pathogens of the urinary system infections but they are rare in osteoarticular infections. In cases of fever, swelling and heat pain around the surgical site, joint fluid, negative blood culture and being irresponsive to anti-bacterial agents against the cell wall, special bacteria-related infection should be highly suspected.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycoplasma hominis; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Doxycycline; Linezolid; Mycoplasma Infections; Ureaplasma Infections; Bacterial Infections; Pain
PubMed: 36397449
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000031202 -
Microbial Cell (Graz, Austria) May 2023is the pathological agent of human trichomoniasis. The incidence is 156 million cases worldwide. Due to the increasing resistance of isolates to approved drugs and... (Review)
Review
is the pathological agent of human trichomoniasis. The incidence is 156 million cases worldwide. Due to the increasing resistance of isolates to approved drugs and clinical complications that include increased risk in the acquisition and transmission of HIV, cervical and prostate cancer, and adverse outcomes during pregnancy, increasing our understanding of the pathogen's interaction with the host immune response is essential. Production of cytokines and cells of innate immunity: Neutrophils and macrophages are the main cells involved in the fight against the parasite, while IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α are the most produced cytokines in response to this infection. Clinical complications: increases the acquisition of HIV, stimulates the invasiveness and growth of prostate cells, and generates an inflammatory environment that may lead to preterm birth. Endosymbiosis: increased cytotoxicity, growth, and survival rate of the parasite. Purinergic signaling: NTPD-ases and ecto-5'-nucleotidase helps in parasite survival by modulating the nucleotides levels in the microenvironment. Antibodies: IgG was detected in serum samples of rodents infected with isolates from symptomatic patients as well as patients with symptoms. However, antibody production does not protect against a reinfection. Vaccine candidate targets: The transient receptor potential- like channel of (TvTRPV), cysteine peptidase, and α-actinin are currently cited as candidate targets for vaccine development. In this context, the understanding of mechanisms involved in the host- interaction that elicit the immune response may contribute to the development of new targets to combat trichomoniasis.
PubMed: 37125086
DOI: 10.15698/mic2023.05.796 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022, which is difficult to culture and identify by ordinary methods, is one of the smallest pathogens in the human genitourinary tract causing urogenital infections. A...
, which is difficult to culture and identify by ordinary methods, is one of the smallest pathogens in the human genitourinary tract causing urogenital infections. A CRISPR-Cas12a-based detection system might provide a novel application for nucleic acid detection in molecular diagnostics. A plasmid containing the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene of (ATCC_27545) as the positive control was constructed by homologous recombination. The active Cas12a protein was purified by affinity chromatography. The primers for recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), the CRISPR RNA (crRNA), and the ratio of Cas12a to crRNA were further optimized. Finally, the sensitivity, specificity, and clinical effectiveness of the Cas12a detection system were confirmed. We successfully constructed and optimized a novel nucleic acid detection system for based on RPA-CRISPR-Cas12a, and the whole process takes only 1 h. The limit of detection for the gap gene of was 3 copies/μl and no cross-reactivity with other urogenital pathogens appeared. In the evaluation of 111 clinical samples, the sensitivity and specificity were both 1.000 and the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic was 1.000 ( < 0.001), indicating that the RPA-Cas12a-fluorescent assay was fully comparable to the traditional culture method. Finally, the RPA-Cas12a detection system can also be combined with lateral flow strips (LFS) to achieve visual detection. We successfully developed a low-cost and rapid detection method of based on RPA-Cas12a technology. This method realized by fluorescence value readout and visual detection by LFS could be applied in population screening and resource-limited conditions.
PubMed: 35464976
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.842415 -
International Journal of Fertility &... Apr 2022is an important cause of bacterial infections of the genital tract. Macrolides are the first selective agents used to treat mycoplasma infections. However, widespread...
Detection and Evaluation of Macrolide Resistance (Erythromycin) in hominis Isolated from Endocervical Specimens of Patients Referring to Ibn Sina Infertility Treatment Centre, Tehran, Iran.
BACKGROUND
is an important cause of bacterial infections of the genital tract. Macrolides are the first selective agents used to treat mycoplasma infections. However, widespread use of macrolides has led to a rapid and global emergence of macrolide-resistant strains. We evaluated macrolide resistance in isolated from endocervical specimens of patients who referred to Ibn Sina Infertility Centre in Tehran, Iran.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, 160 samples of Dacron endocervix swabs (80 infertile patient samples and 80 healthy controls) were collected and transferred to the laboratory. All samples were cultured in liquid pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO) broth and PPLO agar solid media. After culturing and genome extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using specific primers. Then, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was obtained using the broth microdilution method. The MIC was recorded and reported for all samples positive for against erythromycin.
RESULTS
From the 160 endocervical specimens cultured in PPLO agar medium, 19 cases (23.75%) were positive. A total of 35 cases (42.5%) were positive using specific primers of species. MIC results from all samples positive for were measured against erythromycin. All of the samples were resistant to erythromycin.
CONCLUSION
The results of the present study showed that a significant percentage of infertile women were infected with . Also, MIC results from the broth microdilution method indicated that all strains positive for were also resistant to erythromycin.
PubMed: 35639656
DOI: 10.22074/IJFS.2021.529020.1118 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Feb 2021Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and Mycoplasma hominis (MH) are two commensal microorganisms that form the urogenital microbiota. Under a state of dysbiosis, both bacteria...
Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and Mycoplasma hominis (MH) are two commensal microorganisms that form the urogenital microbiota. Under a state of dysbiosis, both bacteria cause intrauterine infection. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to analyze the prevalence of UU and MH among four hundred and eleven infertile women. Women between thirty and thirty-five years old were the most affected group, followed by those that were 25 and 30 years old, respectively. Cumulatively, the prevalence of single UU and MH, and coinfection, was 28.46% ( = 117), ( = 2) 0.48%, and 2.91% ( = 12), respectively, with an overall detection rate of 31.87% ( = 131). To assess the associated drug susceptibility, endocervical samples were unequally sent to Regina Maria ( = 281) and Synevo ( = 130) laboratories for further analyses. Pristinamycin (100% vs. 100%) and Josamycin (100% vs. 98.00%) were the most efficient antibiotics in eradicating UU and MH, several others also displaying a high efficiency, among which can be mentioned Doxycycline (98.23%), Minocycline (96.00%), Tetracycline (96.48% vs. 68.00%), and Erythromycin (70.17% vs. 92.00%). Based on antibiograms, Clarithromycin (88.00%), Roxithromycin (88.00%), Levofloxacin (82.00%), and Azithromycin (78.94%) can be further used in treating such infections. On the other hand, Clindamycin (4.00%) and Ciprofloxacin (12.27% vs. 2.00%) are no longer viable because both UU and MH display an intermediate response towards gained resistance. Interestingly, the efficiency of Ofloxacin (22.79% vs. 60.00%) was conflicting, this possibly suggesting a transient stage to a gradual adaptability of these microorganisms to Ofloxacin. The most susceptible age groups in each case were women that were between twenty and forty years old. It can be concluded that four antibiotics can be safely used for treating UU, MH, or dual infections whose efficiency was over 95%.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Male; Mycoplasma hominis; Prevalence; Romania; Ureaplasma Infections; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Young Adult
PubMed: 33652790
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030211 -
PLoS Genetics Oct 2021Mycoplasmas are minute bacteria controlled by very small genomes ranging from 0.6 to 1.4 Mbp. They encompass several important medical and veterinary pathogens that are...
Mycoplasmas are minute bacteria controlled by very small genomes ranging from 0.6 to 1.4 Mbp. They encompass several important medical and veterinary pathogens that are often associated with a wide range of chronic diseases. The long persistence of mycoplasma cells in their hosts can exacerbate the spread of antimicrobial resistance observed for many species. However, the nature of the virulence factors driving this phenomenon in mycoplasmas is still unclear. Toxin-antitoxin systems (TA systems) are genetic elements widespread in many bacteria that were historically associated with bacterial persistence. Their presence on mycoplasma genomes has never been carefully assessed, especially for pathogenic species. Here we investigated three candidate TA systems in M. mycoides subsp. capri encoding a (i) novel AAA-ATPase/subtilisin-like serine protease module, (ii) a putative AbiEii/AbiEi pair and (iii) a putative Fic/RelB pair. We sequence analyzed fourteen genomes of M. mycoides subsp. capri and confirmed the presence of at least one TA module in each of them. Interestingly, horizontal gene transfer signatures were also found in several genomic loci containing TA systems for several mycoplasma species. Transcriptomic and proteomic data confirmed differential expression profiles of these TA systems during mycoplasma growth in vitro. While the use of heterologous expression systems based on E. coli and B. subtilis showed clear limitations, the functionality and neutralization capacities of all three candidate TA systems were successfully confirmed using M. capricolum subsp. capricolum as a host. Additionally, M. capricolum subsp. capricolum was used to confirm the presence of functional TA system homologs in mycoplasmas of the Hominis and Pneumoniae phylogenetic groups. Finally, we showed that several of these M. mycoides subsp. capri toxins tested in this study, and particularly the subtilisin-like serine protease, could be used to establish a kill switch in mycoplasmas for industrial applications.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Goats; Mycoplasma; Phylogeny; Proteomics; Toxin-Antitoxin Systems; Transcriptome
PubMed: 34673769
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009365 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Mar 2021
Review
PubMed: 33826523
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02344-20 -
Journal of Thoracic Disease Apr 2024As a culture-independent method, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is widely used in microbiological diagnosis with advantages in identifying potential...
BACKGROUND
As a culture-independent method, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is widely used in microbiological diagnosis with advantages in identifying potential pathogens, guiding antibiotic therapy, and improving clinical prognosis, especially in culture-negative cases. () mediastinitis is a rare and severe disease for which etiological diagnosis is important but challenging. The application of mNGS in the etiological diagnosis of mediastinitis has seldom been studied.
METHODS
By searching the electronic medical history retrieval system with "" and "mediastinitis", seven patients diagnosed with mediastinitis were reviewed in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai from 9 December 2020 to 14 February 2023. Microbiological cultures and mNGS were conducted for blood, abscess, and/or mediastinal fluid. Adjustment of the antibiotic therapy due to mNGS was assessed. A literature review was conducted in the PubMed database beginning in 1970 for infection and mediastinitis.
RESULTS
For the seven patients, cultures of blood, abscess, and mediastinal fluid were negative whereas mNGS identified in serum, abscess, and/or mediastinal fluid and was used to guide specific antibiotic therapy. The stringent mapped reads number of genera (SMRNG), stringent mapped reads number of species (SMRN), and coverage rate of detection by mNGS were significantly higher in body fluid (abscess or mediastinal fluid) than in serum. All seven patients had underlying heart diseases and underwent previous cardiac surgery. The most common symptoms were fever and sternal pain. After detection of , antibiotics were adjusted to quinolones or doxycycline except for one patient, whose diagnosis was clarified after death. Two patients died. Literature review since 1970 identified 30 cases of extra-genital infection caused by . Including our seven new cases, 2 (5.4%) were neonates and 35 (94.6%) were adults. Thirty (81.1%) cases were postoperative infection and 15 (40.5%) had implanted devices. Five patients (13.5%) died.
CONCLUSIONS
mNGS might be a promising technology in the detection of fastidious pathogens such as . Accurate etiological diagnosis by mNGS could guide antibiotic therapy and facilitate clinical management.
PubMed: 38738251
DOI: 10.21037/jtd-24-286 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021infection of the female lower genital tract can present with a spectrum of phenotypes ranging from asymptomatic carriage to symptomatic cervical inflammation, or...
infection of the female lower genital tract can present with a spectrum of phenotypes ranging from asymptomatic carriage to symptomatic cervical inflammation, or cervicitis. The factors that contribute to the development of asymptomatic or symptomatic infections are largely uncharacterized. We conducted a pilot study to assess differences in the cervicovaginal microbial community of patients presenting with symptomatic vs. asymptomatic infections to a sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinic. DNA was isolated from cervicovaginal swab specimens from women who tested positive for infection using a clinical diagnostic nucleic acid amplification test. We performed deep sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons, followed by microbiome analyses with QIIME, and species-specific real-time PCR to assess the composition of microbial communities cohabitating the lower genital tract with the infecting . Specimens collected from asymptomatic individuals with infection and no co-infection with and/or carried dominant microbial communities more frequently than symptomatic patients without co-infection. When compared to asymptomatic individuals, symptomatic women had microbial communities characterized by more diverse and heterogenous bacterial taxa, typically associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) [, , , and Bacterial Vaginosis-Associated Bacterium-1 (BVAB1)/""]. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with additional STI co-infection displayed a BV-like microbial community. These findings suggest that dominant vaginal microbial community may protect individuals from developing symptoms during lower genital tract infection with .
PubMed: 35222300
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.790531 -
Cureus Nov 2022Introduction is the first Mycoplasma isolated from humans in the year 1937. Though regarded as a commensal of the urogenital tract, it has been implicated in various...
Introduction is the first Mycoplasma isolated from humans in the year 1937. Though regarded as a commensal of the urogenital tract, it has been implicated in various genital and extra-genital infections namely bacterial vaginosis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory diseases, pyelonephritis, premature rupture of the membrane in pregnancy, infertility, sepsis in newborns, etc. The pathogenesis, prevalence, and epidemiology of genital mycoplasmas in general and in particular in Indian women have been studied very minimally. This study aimed to study the prevalence of carriage among symptomatic and asymptomatic sexually active women attending to the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in East India with or without clinically suspected genitourinary infections and to compare the detection of by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as compared to that of culture. Methods In this observational study, sterile Dacron swabs were used to collect two samples each from the genitourinary tract of 110 sexually active women aged 15-45 years (80 cases and 30 control). One sample was inoculated in mycoplasma broth for culture. The other was used for PCR to detect the presence of the gene. Results Culture positivity for mycoplasma was seen in 4/80 (5%) patients clinically suspected of genitourinary infection (cases) based on their presenting signs and symptoms. In those without such suspicion (control), all cultures were negative (p=0.021). PCR was positive for in 22 (20%) samples. Considering the PCR as the gold standard the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of culture are found to be 18.18%, 100%, 100%, and 88.25% respectively. The highest prevalence of was in the age group 20-24 years (9/24) and 50% of all detections (11/22) were among 25-29 years. Detections were more frequent among patients with multiparity, multiple sexual partners, intrauterine contraceptive devices, lower socioeconomic status, and lower educational status. Conclusion Our study results showed that the presence of is significantly higher in cases than in the control group. The study also indicates the need for continued research on this bacterium both in patients with genital symptoms and in asymptomatic patients.
PubMed: 36382313
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31110