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The Canadian Journal of Infectious... 2021The aim of this study was to estimate the and infection prevalence and antibiotic resistance levels in gynecological outpatients. Clinical characteristics and...
The aim of this study was to estimate the and infection prevalence and antibiotic resistance levels in gynecological outpatients. Clinical characteristics and laboratory data of gynecological outpatients of the Fourth People's Hospital of Chongqing from 2015 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Antibiotic resistance levels in and were defined by a commercial kit for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate risk factors associated with isolation. Comparisons of yearly distributions and resistance rates were assessed by chi-square tests. Fifty-six percent of gynecological outpatients were positive for , and 11.02% were positive for . In the univariate analysis, women aged 30-39 years or with a history of pregnancy or gynecological diseases had an increased risk for isolation, while women who were postmenopausal or had an education level of undergraduate degree or above had a decreased risk of isolation. In the multivariate logistic regression model, an independent risk factor for isolation was a history of gynecological diseases, while a bachelor's degree, master's degree, or above were protective factors against isolation. There were distinctly gradual increases in the positivity rates of and from 2015 to 2018 and an overall increasing trend of resistance to ten antibiotics among and . The top three antibiotics associated with resistance were ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and levofloxacin. Doxycycline, josamycin, and minocycline were preferred because they had the lowest levels of resistance. Increases in the prevalence of infection and antibiotic resistance in and were observed from 2015 to 2018, clearly confirming the necessity to monitor the standardized administration of antibiotics.
PubMed: 33520043
DOI: 10.1155/2021/8842267 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023In , two genes ( and ) have been found to be associated with the invasion of the amniotic cavity, and a single gene () to be associated with intra-amniotic infections...
In , two genes ( and ) have been found to be associated with the invasion of the amniotic cavity, and a single gene () to be associated with intra-amniotic infections and a high risk of preterm birth. The syntopic presence of spp. in the same patient has been shown to correlate with the absence of in . The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of , , and genes in two groups of isolates collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic male and non-pregnant female patients attending an Outpatients Centre. Group A consisted of 26 isolates from patients with only confirmed; group B consisted of 24 isolates from patients with spp. as the only co-infection. We extracted DNA from all isolates and analysed the samples for the presence of , , and in a qPCR assay. Additionally, we determined their cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. We confirmed the presence of the gene in 85% of group A isolates and in 100% of group B isolates; was detected in 46% of the samples in both groups, whereas was found in 73% of group A and 79% of group B isolates, respectively. It was shown that co-colonisation with spp. in the same patient had no effect on the presence of in the respective isolate. We did not observe any cytotoxic effect of the investigated isolates on human cells, regardless of the presence or absence of the investigated genes.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Austria; HeLa Cells; Mycoplasma hominis; Mycoplasma Infections; Premature Birth; Ureaplasma; Virulence; Genes, Bacterial
PubMed: 37175701
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097993 -
The Journal of International Medical... Oct 2021The prevalence of and (genital mycoplasma) amongst Indonesian women is poorly understood because of limited availability of diagnostic techniques. We sought to compare... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
The prevalence of and (genital mycoplasma) amongst Indonesian women is poorly understood because of limited availability of diagnostic techniques. We sought to compare the diagnostic parameters of the AF Genital System® with those of culture methods and PCR as the gold standard for identification of and in vaginal swab specimens.
METHODS
This was an observational diagnostic study. Eighty-eight specimens were collected from patients with abnormal vaginal discharge. Detection of and was performed using the AF Genital System®, culture methods, and PCR.
RESULTS
Compared with PCR and culture methods, respectively, the AF Genital System® had sensitivities of 66.6% and 57% () and 55.5% and 77.8% (). Compared with PCR and culture methods, respectively, the AF Genital System® had specificities of 82.9% and 86.5% () and 82.3% and 84.8% ().
CONCLUSION
The sensitivity of the AF Genital System® for detection of and from vaginal swab samples was lower than that of PCR, but specificity was reasonably good (82% to 83%).
Topics: Female; Humans; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis; Ureaplasma Infections; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Vagina
PubMed: 34686092
DOI: 10.1177/03000605211053278 -
MBio Aug 2022The protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis causes trichomoniasis, a prevalent human urogenital infection with significant morbidity that is commonly associated with...
The protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis causes trichomoniasis, a prevalent human urogenital infection with significant morbidity that is commonly associated with vaginal dysbiosis. Exacerbation of T. vaginalis pathogenicity has been related to endosymbionts, including mycoplasma, and thought for a while to be solely attributable to Mycoplasma hominis. In a recent publication, Margarita and colleagues (https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.00918-22) showed that endosymbiosis extends to a second species of mycoplasma known as " Mycoplasma girerdii." Those authors confirmed the strong association of T. vaginalis with both species of mycoplasma by reassessing clinical samples. Additionally, they showed that symbiosis of protozoa and bacteria resulted in the modulation of gene expression of T. vaginalis and enhancement of parasite cytoadhesion and hemolytic activity in culture assays. In this commentary, we portray T. vaginalis as a synergistically interacting multimicrobe organism-a "microbial piñata"-whose endosymbionts contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of this medically important protozoan parasite.
Topics: Bacteria; Female; Humans; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma hominis; Trichomonas vaginalis; Vagina
PubMed: 35968950
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01323-22 -
Acta Naturae 2020The genome structure of three ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates was studied using next-generation sequencing on the Illumina platform. The protein sequences of...
The genome structure of three ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates was studied using next-generation sequencing on the Illumina platform. The protein sequences of the studied strains were found to have a high degree of homology. (M45, M57, MH1866) was shown to have limited biosynthetic capabilities, associated with the predominance of the genes encoding the proteins involved in catabolic processes. Multiple single-nucleotide substitutions causing intraspecific polymorphism of were found. The genes encoding the efflux systems - ABC transporters (the ATP-binding cassette superfamily) and proteins of the MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion) family - were identified. The molecular mechanism of ciprofloxacin resistance of the M45 and M57 isolates was found to be associated with the Ser83Leu substitution in DNA gyrase subunit A. In the MH1866 isolate it was related to the Lys144Arg substitution in topoisomerase IV subunit A.
PubMed: 32477599
DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.10941 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022is an opportunistic urogenital pathogen in vertebrates. It is a non-glycolytic species that produces energy arginine degradation. Among genital mycoplasmas, is the...
is an opportunistic urogenital pathogen in vertebrates. It is a non-glycolytic species that produces energy arginine degradation. Among genital mycoplasmas, is the most commonly reported to play a role in systemic infections and can persist in the host for a long time. However, it is unclear how proceeds under arginine limitation. The recent metabolic reconstruction of has demonstrated its ability to catabolize deoxyribose phosphate to produce ATP. In this study, we cultivated on two different energy sources (arginine and thymidine) and demonstrated the differences in growth rate, antibiotic sensitivity, and biofilm formation. Using label-free quantitative proteomics, we compared the proteome of under these conditions. A total of 466 proteins were identified from , representing approximately 85% of the predicted proteome, while the levels of 94 proteins changed significantly. As expected, we observed changes in the levels of metabolic enzymes. The energy source strongly affects the synthesis of enzymes related to RNA modifications and ribosome assembly. The translocation of lipoproteins and other membrane-associated proteins was also impaired. Our study, the first global characterization of the proteomic switching of in arginine-deficiency media, illustrates energy source-dependent control of pathogenicity factors and can help to determine the mechanisms underlying the interaction between the growth rate and fitness of genome-reduced bacteria.
Topics: Arginine; Lipoproteins; Mycoplasma hominis; Proteome; Proteomics
PubMed: 35873139
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.918557 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2021Lefamulin is the first of the pleuromutilin class of antimicrobials to be available for therapeutic use in humans. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of lefamulin were...
Lefamulin is the first of the pleuromutilin class of antimicrobials to be available for therapeutic use in humans. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of lefamulin were determined by microbroth dilution for 90 characterised clinical isolates (25 , 25 and 40 ). All isolates possessed lefamulin MICs of ≤0.25 mg/L after 48 h (MIC of 0.06/0.12 mg/L), despite an inherent resistance to macrolides; while isolates had MICs of ≤2 mg/L after 24 h (MIC of 0.25/1 mg/L), despite inherent resistance to clindamycin. Two isolates with additional A2058G mutations of 23S rRNA, and one isolate with a R66Q67 deletion (all of which had a combined resistance to macrolides and clindamycin) only showed a 2-fold increase in lefamulin MIC (1-2 mg/L) relative to macrolide-susceptible strains. Lefamulin could be an effective alternative antimicrobial for treating spp. and infections irrespective of intrinsic or acquired resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and ketolides. Based on this potent in vitro activity and the known good, rapid, and homogenous tissue penetration of female and male urogenital tissues and glands, further exploration of clinical efficacy of lefamulin for the treatment of and urogenital infections is warranted.
PubMed: 34827308
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111370 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020Despite ongoing efforts, sub-Saharan Africa faces a higher cervical cancer burden than anywhere else in the world. Besides HPV infection, definitive factors of cervical... (Review)
Review
Despite ongoing efforts, sub-Saharan Africa faces a higher cervical cancer burden than anywhere else in the world. Besides HPV infection, definitive factors of cervical cancer are still unclear. Particular states of the cervicovaginal microbiota and viral infections are associated with increased cervical cancer risk. Notably, HIV infection, which is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, greatly increases risk of cervicovaginal dysbiosis and cervical cancer. To better understand and address cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa, a better knowledge of the regional cervicovaginal microbiome is required This review establishes current knowledge of HPV, HIV, cervicovaginal infections, and the cervicovaginal microbiota in sub-Saharan Africa. Because population statistics are not available for the region, estimates are derived from smaller cohort studies. Microbiota associated with cervical inflammation have been found to be especially prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, and to associate with increased cervical cancer risk. In addition to high prevalence and diversity of HIV and HPV, intracellular bacterial infections such as Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and are much more common than in regions with a low burden of cervical cancer. This suggests the prevalence of cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa may be partially attributed to increased cervical inflammation resulting from higher likelihood of cervical infection and/or microbial dysbiosis.
Topics: Africa South of the Sahara; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Microbiota; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 32117800
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00023 -
International Journal of Reproductive... Nov 2021Genetic evidence of asymptomatic () and () infection associated with infertility among females is lacking because suitable high throughput molecular methods have not...
BACKGROUND
Genetic evidence of asymptomatic () and () infection associated with infertility among females is lacking because suitable high throughput molecular methods have not been applied.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to explore the occurrence of and in the genital tract of females with asymptomatic infection and infertility as well as determine their genetic relatedness.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study group included 100 asymptomatic females and 31 females diagnosed with infertility. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene following DNA extraction was performed directly from endo-cervical swabs. Phylogenetic analysis established the genetic linkage between the isolates from both groups.
RESULTS
In asymptomatic females, and were detected with a prevalence of 8% and 2% respectively. Among females with infertility, the prevalence was 6.45% and 3.23% for and respectively. In both groups, occurred significantly more frequently. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three distinct clusters in both groups: two with already characterized and species (28.6% of the overall spp.) and one distinct cluster matched with . Furthermore, all from asymptomatic females clustered significantly with infertility contrary to . The cluster was significantly linked to two strains from China.
CONCLUSION
The sequence analysis of and in the genital tract of asymptomatic and infertile females showed significant association; therefore, it is paramount to consider them as possible etiologic agents of infertility and genital infection, especially when the etiology of infertility is unknown.
PubMed: 34977452
DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v19i11.9910 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Dec 2023Mycoplasma hominis, an opportunistic pathogen of the human lower urogenital tract, can survive and replicate within the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, establishing an...
Patterns of antibiotic resistance of Mycoplasma hominis endosymbiont of Trichomonas vaginalis and the influence of bacterial intracellular location on drug susceptibility.
OBJECTIVES
Mycoplasma hominis, an opportunistic pathogen of the human lower urogenital tract, can survive and replicate within the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, establishing an endosymbiotic relationship. The intracellular location may provide a means for the bacteria to evade the immune system and protection from antimicrobial activities. Our aim was to investigate the influence of the endosymbiotic association of M. hominis with trichomonad cells on bacterial antibiotic susceptibility.
METHODS
We evaluated antibiotic resistance patterns in a group of M. hominis isolated from T. vaginalis clinical specimens as well as in M. hominis isolated from patients without trichomoniasis. Using an experimental model system, we compared the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and lethal concentration (MLC) of tetracycline on M. hominis endosymbionts of T. vaginalis and extracellular bacteria.
RESULTS
The incidence rate of M. hominis strains resistant to C14 and C15 macrolide antibiotics was higher in intracellular strains associated with T. vaginalis compared with extracellular bacteria isolated from women not affected by trichomoniasis. However, sensitivity to tetracycline and quinolones was similar in both groups. In vitro experiments demonstrated that M. hominis strains, when isolated as endosymbionts from T. vaginalis, exhibited reduced sensitivity to tetracycline when cultured extracellularly for at least eight weeks.
CONCLUSION
The intracellular localization of bacteria within trichomonad cells may affect antibiotic susceptibility.
Topics: Humans; Female; Trichomonas vaginalis; Metronidazole; Mycoplasma hominis; Trichomonas Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Bacteria; Tetracyclines
PubMed: 37816433
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.09.021