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European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... May 2021
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Orbit; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33032967
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2020.09.003 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2022The number of drug overdose deaths involving opioids continues to rise in the United States. Many patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) that seek treatment still...
The number of drug overdose deaths involving opioids continues to rise in the United States. Many patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) that seek treatment still experience relapse. Perseverant opioid seeking behaviors represent a major challenge to treating OUD and additional therapeutic development will require insight into opioid-induced neurobiological adaptations. In this study, we explored the regulation of a novel class of RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs), by the addictive opioid heroin in the rat orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a brain region that mediates behavioral responses to rewarding stimuli. Microarray analysis identified 76 OFC circRNAs significantly regulated in male rats after heroin self-administration. We evaluated the specificity of these findings by measuring heroin-associated circRNA expression in female rats after heroin self-administration and in rats that self-administered sucrose. We identify circGrin2b, circUbe2cp, circAnks1a, circAdcy5 and circSlc24A2 as heroin-responsive circRNAs in the OFC. Linear mRNA levels of heroin-associated circRNAs were unchanged except for and . An integrated bioinformatics analysis of regulated circRNAs identified microRNAs predicted to bind heroin-associated circRNAs and downstream targets of circRNA: microRNA sponging. Thus, heroin regulates the expression of OFC RNA splice variants that circularize and may impact cellular processes that contribute to the neurobiological adaptations that arise from chronic heroin exposure.
Topics: Animals; Exons; Female; Frontal Lobe; Gene Expression Regulation; Genome; Heroin; Male; MicroRNAs; Orbit; RNA, Circular; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Reward; Self Administration; Sucrose; Rats
PubMed: 35163373
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031453 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2023A 28-year-old male presented with a large conjunctival lobulated, nonpulsatile, red vascular lesion involving a large part of the temporal quadrant of the left globe....
A 28-year-old male presented with a large conjunctival lobulated, nonpulsatile, red vascular lesion involving a large part of the temporal quadrant of the left globe. There was no proptosis or globe displacement, but the left eye abduction was limited. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain and orbit revealed an extensive contrast-enhancing lobulated lesion in the left half of the face involving the upper lip, cheek, oral cavity, extraconal space of left orbit, and nasal cavity. He underwent surgical excision of the conjunctival lesion with amniotic membrane reconstruction.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Orbit; Exophthalmos; Conjunctiva; Cheek
PubMed: 37077090
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_490_21 -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... Feb 2021Ultrahigh-field (7T) MRI provides improved contrast and a signal-to-noise gain compared with lower magnetic field strengths. Here, we demonstrate feasibility and... (Review)
Review
Ultrahigh-field (7T) MRI provides improved contrast and a signal-to-noise gain compared with lower magnetic field strengths. Here, we demonstrate feasibility and optimization of anatomic imaging of the eye and orbit using a dedicated commercial multichannel transmit and receive eye coil. Optimization of participant setup techniques and MRI sequence parameters allowed for improvements in the image resolution and contrast, and the eye and orbit coverage with minimal susceptibility and motion artifacts in a clinically feasible protocol.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Orbit; Reference Values; Young Adult
PubMed: 33237011
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2020.09.004 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Feb 2023BACKGROUND A fracture of the orbital floor can lead to complications such as enophthalmos, impaired eye motility, or diplopia, which is why it is necessary to...
Comparison of the Fractured and Non-Fractured Orbit Before and After Surgery Using a Titanium Implant or a Resorbable Poly-d,l-lactic Acid (PDLLA) Implant: A Study from a Single Center in Niš, Serbia of 58 Patients with Unilateral Orbital Floor Fracture Using Volumetric Measurement.
BACKGROUND A fracture of the orbital floor can lead to complications such as enophthalmos, impaired eye motility, or diplopia, which is why it is necessary to reconstruct the bony walls of the orbit. This study from a single center in Niš, Serbia, included 58 patients with unilateral orbital floor fracture and aimed to use volumetric measurement to compare the fractured and non-fractured orbit before and after surgery using a titanium implant or a resorbable poly-d, l-lactic acid (PDLLA) implant. MATERIAL AND METHODS From 2018 to 2022, a total of 58 patients with unilateral orbital floor fractures were treated at the Clinic of Dental Medicine, Niš. Computed tomography examination was used for volumetric measurement of the fractured and non-fractured (contralateral) orbit before and after the surgical procedure. A titanium implant was used in 31 patients, and a PDLLA implant was used in 27 patients. RESULTS Orbital volume ratio did not differ statistically significantly in relation to the type of implant (P=0.591). The postoperative volume did not differ statistically significantly from the volume of the contralateral side (titanium, P=0.212; PDLLA, P=0.232). There was a significant correlation between orbital volume and enophthalmos both before and after surgery (P=0.012, P=0.018, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Measuring the preoperative volume of the injured orbit is sufficient data for an indication because reconstruction depends primarily on the correlation between the volume and enophthalmos. The findings from this study showed that preoperative orbital volumetry using computed tomography evaluated enophthalmos and provide data to assist orbital floor reconstruction.
Topics: Humans; Orbit; Enophthalmos; Titanium; Serbia; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Orbital Fractures; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36840343
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.939144 -
BMJ Case Reports Jun 2022Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in paediatric patients and may arise as a primary orbital neoplasm. Imaging studies show a unilateral solitary...
Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in paediatric patients and may arise as a primary orbital neoplasm. Imaging studies show a unilateral solitary orbital lesion. With larger tumours, erosion of the adjacent orbital walls is a common accompanying bony change. We present an unusual case of rhabdomyosarcoma in a preschool girl with proptosis and temporal bossing. Imaging studies showed a homogeneous, well-delineated, extraconal mass of the right orbit with hyperostosis of the adjacent sphenoid bone. After excision of the mass and debulking of the sphenoid bone, histopathology showed embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma with no malignant infiltration of the adjacent bone. This is the first reported case of hyperostosis associated with rhabdomyosarcoma. Periosteal reaction is the proposed underlying mechanism.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hyperostosis; Orbit; Orbital Neoplasms; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35725289
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245466 -
PloS One 2021In this study, we present the first data concerning the anatomical, morphometrical, histological and histochemical study of the orbit, eye tunics, eyelids and orbital...
Anatomical and morphometric evaluation of the orbit, eye tunics, eyelids and orbital glands of the captive females of the South African painted dog (Lycaon pictus pictus Temminck, 1820) (Caniformia: Canidae).
In this study, we present the first data concerning the anatomical, morphometrical, histological and histochemical study of the orbit, eye tunics, eyelids and orbital glands in South African Painted Dogs (Lycaon pictus pictus). The study was performed using eyeball morphometry, analysis of the bony orbit including its morphometry, macroscopic study, morphometry, histological examination of the eye tunics and chosen accessory organs of the eye and histochemical analysis. The orbit was funnel shaped and was open-type. There was a single ethmoid opening for the ethmoid nerve on the orbital lamina. The pupil was round, while the ciliary body occupied a relatively wide zone. The iris was brown and retina had a pigmented area. The cellular tapetum lucidum was semi-circular and milky and was composed of 14-17 layers of tapetal cells arranged in a bricklike structure. In the lower eyelid, there was a single conjunctival lymph nodule aggregate. One or two additional large conjunctval folds were observed within the posterior surface of the upper eyelids. The superficial gland of the third eyelid had a serous nature. The third eyelid was T-shaped and was composed of hyaline tissue. Two to three conjunctival lymph nodul aggregates were present within the bulbar conjunctiva of the third eyelid. The lacrimal gland produced a sero-mucous secretion. A detailed anatomic analysis of the eye area in the captive South African Painted Dogs females showed the similarities (especially in the histological examination of the eyetunics and orbital glands) as well as the differences between the Painted dog and the other representatives of Canidae. The differences included the shape and size od the orbita with comparison to the domestic dog. Such differences in the orbit measurements are most likely associated with the skull type, which are defined in relation to domestic dogs. The presented results significantly expand the existing knowledge on comparative anatomy in the orbit, eye and chosen accessory organs in wild Canidae.
Topics: Animals; Canidae; Eyelids; Female; Orbit
PubMed: 33872321
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249368 -
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Feb 2021The orbital apex is the narrowest part of the orbit, housing the link between the intracranial cavity and orbit. Knowledge of orbital apex anatomy is crucial to...
PURPOSE
The orbital apex is the narrowest part of the orbit, housing the link between the intracranial cavity and orbit. Knowledge of orbital apex anatomy is crucial to selecting a surgical approach and reducing the risk of complications. Our purpose is to summarize current knowledge on surgical anatomy and attempt to reach a consensus on definition of the orbital apex.
METHODS
The online databases of Embase, the Cochrane library, Web of Science and PubMed (MEDLINE) were queried in a comprehensive bibliographic search on the (surgical) anatomy of the orbital apex and consisted of a combination of two subjects, using indexed terms and free text: "Orbital Apex" and "Orbital Anatomy."
RESULTS
A total of 114 relevant papers were included in this review. Numerous anatomical variations are described in the literature. Variations of the optic canal include duplication (0.64%) and keyhole anomaly (2.65%). Variations in pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process were unilateral in almost 10%, bilateral in 9%, and normal in 72%. A rare variant of the superior orbital fissure (SOF) is Warwick's foramen, which appears as if the lowest portion of the SOF was separated from the main fissure by a transverse bony bridge.
CONCLUSION
The definition of the orbital apex varies in the literature, and further research would most likely identify additional variations. A universal definition reporting these variations and pathology and imaging findings is essential for determining the optimal surgical approach to the orbital apex.
Topics: Anatomic Variation; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Orbit
PubMed: 33128648
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-020-02573-w -
Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie :... 2023The purpose is to acquaint readers with the contribution of imaging methods (IMs) of the orbit, specifically computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging... (Review)
Review
The purpose is to acquaint readers with the contribution of imaging methods (IMs) of the orbit, specifically computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in the diagnosis of thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO). Methods: IMs of the orbit are an indispensable accessory in the clinical and laboratory examination of TAO patients. The most frequently used and probably most accessible method is an ultrasound examination of the orbit (US), which, however, has a number of limitations. Other methods are CT and MRI. Based on the published knowledge implemented in our practice and several years of experience with the diagnosis and treatment of TAO patients, we would like to point out the benefits of CT and MRI in the given indications: visualisation of the extraocular muscles, assessment of disease activity, diagnosis of dysthyroid optic neuropathy and differential diagnosis of other pathologies in the orbit. Our recommendation for an ideal MRI protocol for disease activity evaluation is also included. Conclusion: IMs play an irreplaceable role not only in the early diagnosis of TAO, but also in the monitoring of the disease and the response to the applied treatment. When choosing a suitable IM for this diagnosis, a number of factors must always be taken into account; not only availability, cost and burden for the patient, but especially the sensitivity and specificity of the given method for the diagnosis of TAO.
Topics: Humans; Graves Ophthalmopathy; Orbit; Oculomotor Muscles; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 38086700
DOI: 10.31348/2023/10 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Aug 2023Septicemia that leads to ocular involvement mostly presents as endophthalmitis or panophthalmitis. Contrarily, septicemia without intraocular involvement, known as... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Septicemia that leads to ocular involvement mostly presents as endophthalmitis or panophthalmitis. Contrarily, septicemia without intraocular involvement, known as hematogenous orbital cellulitis (HOC), involves only the orbit and is an extremely rare complication of septicemia and a rare type of orbital cellulitis.
CASE PRESENTATION
Four male patients with septicemia presented with orbital involvement without intraocular infection were described in this study. They were 22 (case 1), 15 (case 2), 79 (case 3), and 30 (case 4) years old, with a mean age of 29.75 years. All patients were immunocompromised except for case 2. Cases 1 and 3 had a history of steroid use, whereas case 4 was in a post-chemotherapy myelosuppression phase. Septicemia in case 1 was community-acquired, cases 3 and 4 were hospital-acquired, and case 2 was secondary to acne squeezing. Blood cultures from cases 1, 2, and 3 were positive for Candida albicans, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. Case 4 had negative cultures; however, next-generation sequencing reported the presence of Enterococcus faecalis and Rhizopus oryzae. Case 1 had right eye involvement, and both eyes were involved in the other three cases. According to Chandler's classification, case 1 was type 2, case 2 was type 2 (OD) and type 4 (OS), and cases 3 and 4 were type 1 orbital infections. All patients had eyelids erythema, and cases 1 and 2 had mildly decreased visual acuity, proptosis, and painful and restricted ocular motility. Hospital stays ranged from 13 to 43 days (mean, 24 days). All patients received systemic antibiotic therapy based on drug sensitivity and next-generation sequencing results, in combination with multidisciplinary treatment, resulting in complete recovery of ocular and systemic signs and symptoms; no ocular surgical interventions were performed. Extraocular muscle palsy was the last symptom to resolve.
CONCLUSION
HOC is predominantly seen in immunocompromised individuals with a high proportion of hospital-acquired infections and positive cultures for pathogens. Infection control using systemic antibiotics targeted at the causative organism guarantees a favorable prognosis.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Eye Infections; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Orbit; Orbital Cellulitis; Sepsis; Adolescent; Young Adult; Aged
PubMed: 37558992
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08489-1