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Database : the Journal of Biological... Jan 2020The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Taxonomy includes organism names and classifications for every sequence in the nucleotide and protein sequence... (Review)
Review
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Taxonomy includes organism names and classifications for every sequence in the nucleotide and protein sequence databases of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration. Since the last review of this resource in 2012, it has undergone several improvements. Most notable is the shift from a single SQL database to a series of linked databases tied to a framework of data called NameBank. This means that relations among data elements can be adjusted in more detail, resulting in expanded annotation of synonyms, the ability to flag names with specific nomenclatural properties, enhanced tracking of publications tied to names and improved annotation of scientific authorities and types. Additionally, practices utilized by NCBI Taxonomy curators specific to major taxonomic groups are described, terms peculiar to NCBI Taxonomy are explained, external resources are acknowledged and updates to tools and other resources are documented. Database URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Classification; Database Management Systems; Databases, Genetic; Humans; National Library of Medicine (U.S.); Plants; United States; Viruses
PubMed: 32761142
DOI: 10.1093/database/baaa062 -
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 2020To identify in the literature how Middle-Range Theories (MRT) are being developed in Nursing. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To identify in the literature how Middle-Range Theories (MRT) are being developed in Nursing.
METHOD
Integrative review on the databases Lilacs (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences), Scopus, Cinahl (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Web of Science and PubMed portal, using the keywords middle range theory and nursing, as well its Portuguese correspondents (Lilacs), and the Boolean operator AND. The sample included 25 articles.
RESULTS
All articles presented concepts related to MRT. Most developed a synthesis picture. Some theories have formulated specific propositions, hypotheses, and names. Only 16 articles cited the methodological framework, while 22 used theories or models for theoretical foundation and 11 carried out literature reviews.
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
The development of MRT included the presentation of fundamental concepts, synthesis, propositions, hypotheses and specific name. The MRT is recognized as a way of developing knowledge to guide the nursing practice.
Topics: Humans; Nursing; Nursing Theory; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 32049218
DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0893 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Feb 2021Drug-induced anaphylaxis is a well-known adverse drug reaction for some drug classes, but emerging drug causes of anaphylaxis and novel mechanisms may contribute in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Drug-induced anaphylaxis is a well-known adverse drug reaction for some drug classes, but emerging drug causes of anaphylaxis and novel mechanisms may contribute in unrecognized ways.
OBJECTIVE
We sought to determine the top drugs reported in association with anaphylaxis and anaphylaxis followed by death in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).
METHODS
We reviewed the publicly available FAERS database from 1999 to 2019. Using search terms "anaphylactic shock" or "anaphylactic reaction" and sorting cases by generic drug names, we counted and trended reports to FAERS in which a drug was associated with anaphylaxis or anaphylaxis followed by death.
RESULTS
From 1999 to 2019, there were 17,506,002 adverse drug events reported in FAERS, of which 47,496 (0.27%) were reported as anaphylaxis. Excluding patients without age, sex, or country data, respectively, the median age of patients in reports of anaphylaxis was 52 (interquartile range: 28), 62.71% were female, and 13,899 of 34,381 (40.43%) reports were from the United States. There were 2984 of 47,496 (6.28%) reports of anaphylaxis followed by death. Top drug classes associated with anaphylaxis in FAERS were antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and acetaminophen. Top drug classes associated with anaphylaxis deaths were antibiotics, radiocontrast agents, and intraoperative agents. Linear regression demonstrated reports of anaphylaxis to mAbs increasing at an average rate of 0.77% of total anaphylaxis reports per year (95% confidence interval: 0.65, 0.88) from 2.00% in 1999 to 17.37% in 2019, faster than any other drug class.
CONCLUSION
Antibiotics were highly reported for anaphylaxis overall and anaphylaxis followed by death. Increasing reports were noted for anaphylaxis to mAb therapies.
Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Anaphylaxis; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Humans; Male; Pharmaceutical Preparations; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration
PubMed: 32992044
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.09.021 -
Nutrition & Diabetes Apr 2020The dietary supplement industry has estimated sales of over $30 billion in the US and over $100 billion globally. Many consumers believe that dietary supplements are... (Review)
Review
The dietary supplement industry has estimated sales of over $30 billion in the US and over $100 billion globally. Many consumers believe that dietary supplements are safer and possibly more effective than drugs to treat diabetes. The sheer volume of the literature in this space makes compiling them into one review challenging, so much so that primarily narrative reviews currently exist. By applying the interactive database supplied by the Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health, we identified the top 100 ingredients that appeared most often in dietary supplement products. One-hundred different keyword searches using the ingredient name and the word diabetes were performed using a program developed to automatically scrape PubMed. Each search was retained in a separate Excel spreadsheet, which was then reviewed for inclusion or exclusion. The studies that met the inclusion criteria were evaluated for effect of reducing and controlling diabetes. The PubMed scrape resulted in 6217 studies. For each keyword search only the most recent 100 were retained, which refined the total to 1823 studies. Of these 425 met the screening criteria. The ingredients, fiber, selenium and zinc had the most studies associated with improvement in diabetes. Several popular supplement ingredients (phosphorus, pantothenic acid, calcium, magnesium, glutamine, isoleucine, tyrosine, choline, and creatine monohydrate) did not result in any studies meeting our screening criteria. Our study demonstrates how to automate reviews to filter and collapse literature in content areas that have an enormous volume of studies. The aggregated set of studies suggest there is little clinical evidence for the use of dietary supplements to reduce or control diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Selenium; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; Vitamins; Zinc
PubMed: 32341338
DOI: 10.1038/s41387-020-0117-6 -
Psychiatry Research Nov 2020COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown has brought about a sense of fear and anxiety around the globe. This phenomenon has led to short term as well as long term psychosocial... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown has brought about a sense of fear and anxiety around the globe. This phenomenon has led to short term as well as long term psychosocial and mental health implications for children and adolescents. The quality and magnitude of impact on minors is determined by many vulnerability factors like developmental age, educational status, pre-existing mental health condition, being economically underprivileged or being quarantined due to infection or fear of infection.
AIMS
This paper is aimed at narratively reviewing various articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of nationwide or regional lockdowns to prevent further spread of infection.
METHODOLOGY
We conducted a review and collected articles and advisories on mental health aspects of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. We selected articles and thematically organized them. We put up their major findings under the thematic areas of impact on young children, school and college going students, children and adolescents with mental health challenges, economically underprivileged children, impact due to quarantine and separation from parents and the advisories of international organizations. We have also provided recommendations to the above.
CONCLUSION
There is a pressing need for planning longitudinal and developmental studies, and implementing evidence based elaborative plan of action to cater to the psycho social and mental health needs of the vulnerable children and adolescents during pandemic as well as post pandemic. There is a need to ameliorate children and adolescents' access to mental health support services geared towards providing measures for developing healthy coping mechanisms during the current crisis. For this innovative child and adolescent mental health policies policies with direct and digital collaborative networks of psychiatrists, psychologists, paediatricians, and community volunteers are deemed necessary.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Child; Child Behavior; Child, Preschool; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Mental Health Services; Pandemics; Parents; Pneumonia, Viral; Psychiatry; Quarantine; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32882598
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113429 -
Nature May 2022The global emergence of many severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants jeopardizes the protective antiviral immunity induced after infection... (Review)
Review
The global emergence of many severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants jeopardizes the protective antiviral immunity induced after infection or vaccination. To address the public health threat caused by the increasing SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases within the National Institutes of Health established the SARS-CoV-2 Assessment of Viral Evolution (SAVE) programme. This effort was designed to provide a real-time risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 variants that could potentially affect the transmission, virulence, and resistance to infection- and vaccine-induced immunity. The SAVE programme is a critical data-generating component of the US Government SARS-CoV-2 Interagency Group to assess implications of SARS-CoV-2 variants on diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics, and for communicating public health risk. Here we describe the coordinated approach used to identify and curate data about emerging variants, their impact on immunity and effects on vaccine protection using animal models. We report the development of reagents, methodologies, models and notable findings facilitated by this collaborative approach and identify future challenges. This programme is a template for the response to rapidly evolving pathogens with pandemic potential by monitoring viral evolution in the human population to identify variants that could reduce the effectiveness of countermeasures.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Humans; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.); Pandemics; Pharmacogenomic Variants; SARS-CoV-2; United States; Virulence
PubMed: 35361968
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04690-5 -
Critical Care (London, England) Mar 2020
Topics: Abbreviations as Topic; Brain Injuries; Critical Care; Humans; Intensive Care Units
PubMed: 32171298
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2825-7 -
Current Biology : CB May 2021Actin is one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotes. Discovered in muscle and described as far back as 1887, actin was first purified in 1942. It plays myriad roles...
Actin is one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotes. Discovered in muscle and described as far back as 1887, actin was first purified in 1942. It plays myriad roles in essentially every eukaryotic cell. Actin is central to development, muscle contraction, and cell motility, and it also functions in the nucleus, to name a spectrum of examples. The flexibility of actin function stems from two factors: firstly, it is dynamic, transitioning between monomer and filament, and, secondly, there are hundreds of actin-binding proteins that build and organize specific actin-based structures. Of prime importance are actin nucleators - proteins that stimulate de novo formation of actin filaments. There are three known classes of actin nucleators: the Arp2/3 complex, formins, and tandem WASP homology 2 (WH2) nucleators. Each class nucleates by a distinct mechanism that contributes to the organization of the larger structure being built. Evidence shows that the Arp2/3 complex produces branched actin filaments, remaining bound at the branch point, while formins create linear actin filaments, remaining bound at the growing end. Here, we focus on the formin family of actin nucleators.
Topics: Actin Cytoskeleton; Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex; Actins; Formins; Microfilament Proteins
PubMed: 34033783
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.02.047 -
Journal For Immunotherapy of Cancer Jul 2021Expanding the US Food and Drug Administration-approved indications for immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with cancer has resulted in therapeutic success and...
Expanding the US Food and Drug Administration-approved indications for immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with cancer has resulted in therapeutic success and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Neurologic irAEs (irAE-Ns) have an incidence of 1%-12% and a high fatality rate relative to other irAEs. Lack of standardized disease definitions and accurate phenotyping leads to syndrome misclassification and impedes development of evidence-based treatments and translational research. The objective of this study was to develop consensus guidance for an approach to irAE-Ns including disease definitions and severity grading. A working group of four neurologists drafted irAE-N consensus guidance and definitions, which were reviewed by the multidisciplinary Neuro irAE Disease Definition Panel including oncologists and irAE experts. A modified Delphi consensus process was used, with two rounds of anonymous ratings by panelists and two meetings to discuss areas of controversy. Panelists rated content for usability, appropriateness and accuracy on 9-point scales in electronic surveys and provided free text comments. Aggregated survey responses were incorporated into revised definitions. Consensus was based on numeric ratings using the RAND/University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Appropriateness Method with prespecified definitions. 27 panelists from 15 academic medical centers voted on a total of 53 rating scales (6 general guidance, 24 central and 18 peripheral nervous system disease definition components, 3 severity criteria and 2 clinical trial adjudication statements); of these, 77% (41/53) received first round consensus. After revisions, all items received second round consensus. Consensus definitions were achieved for seven core disorders: irMeningitis, irEncephalitis, irDemyelinating disease, irVasculitis, irNeuropathy, irNeuromuscular junction disorders and irMyopathy. For each disorder, six descriptors of diagnostic components are used: disease subtype, diagnostic certainty, severity, autoantibody association, exacerbation of pre-existing disease or de novo presentation, and presence or absence of concurrent irAE(s). These disease definitions standardize irAE-N classification. Diagnostic certainty is not always directly linked to certainty to treat as an irAE-N (ie, one might treat events in the probable or possible category). Given consensus on accuracy and usability from a representative panel group, we anticipate that the definitions will be used broadly across clinical and research settings.
Topics: Consensus; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Immunotherapy; Nervous System Diseases; Neurologists; Oncologists; Patient Care Team; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 34281989
DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002890 -
Worldviews on Evidence-based Nursing Apr 2020Clinicians' knowledge and skills for evidence-based practice (EBP) and organizational climate are important for science-based care. There is scant literature regarding...
BACKGROUND
Clinicians' knowledge and skills for evidence-based practice (EBP) and organizational climate are important for science-based care. There is scant literature regarding aligning organizational culture with EBP implementation and even less for unit and organizational culture. The Nursing EBP Survey examines individual, unit, and organizational factors to better understand registered nurses' (RN) self-reported EBP.
AIMS
Establish and confirm factor loading, reliability, and discriminant validity for the untested Nursing EBP Survey.
METHODS
The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional survey design and was targeted for RNs. The setting included 14 hospitals and 680 medical offices in Southern California. The 1999 instrument consisted of 22 items; 7 items were added in 2005 for 29 items. The questionnaire used a 5 point, Likert-type scale. The survey website opened in November 2016 and closed after 23 weeks. Psychometric testing and factor determination used parallel analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and ANOVA post hoc comparisons.
RESULTS
One thousand one hundred and eighty-one RNs completed the survey. All factor loadings in the CFA model were positive and significant (p < .001). All standardized loadings ranged from .70 to .94. The covariance estimate between Factor 1 and Factor 2 was marginally significant (p = .07). All other covariances and error variances were significant (p < .001). Final factor names were Practice Climate (Factor 1), Data Collection (Factor 2), Evidence Appraisal (Factor 3), Implementation (Factor 4), and Access to Evidence (Factor 5). Four of 5 factors showed significant differences between education levels (p < .05 level). All factors showed significant differences (p < .05) between inpatient and ambulatory staff, with higher scores for inpatient settings.
LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION
Nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and skills for EBP vary. The 2019 Nursing EBP survey offers RNs direction to plan and support improvement in evidence-based outcomes and tailors future EBP initiatives.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Evidence-Based Nursing; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32233058
DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12432