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Journal of Thoracic Oncology : Official... Sep 2015The 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart has just been published with numerous important changes from the...
The 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart has just been published with numerous important changes from the 2004 WHO classification. The most significant changes in this edition involve (1) use of immunohistochemistry throughout the classification, (2) a new emphasis on genetic studies, in particular, integration of molecular testing to help personalize treatment strategies for advanced lung cancer patients, (3) a new classification for small biopsies and cytology similar to that proposed in the 2011 Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification, (4) a completely different approach to lung adenocarcinoma as proposed by the 2011 Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification, (5) restricting the diagnosis of large cell carcinoma only to resected tumors that lack any clear morphologic or immunohistochemical differentiation with reclassification of the remaining former large cell carcinoma subtypes into different categories, (6) reclassifying squamous cell carcinomas into keratinizing, nonkeratinizing, and basaloid subtypes with the nonkeratinizing tumors requiring immunohistochemistry proof of squamous differentiation, (7) grouping of neuroendocrine tumors together in one category, (8) adding NUT carcinoma, (9) changing the term sclerosing hemangioma to sclerosing pneumocytoma, (10) changing the name hamartoma to "pulmonary hamartoma," (11) creating a group of PEComatous tumors that include (a) lymphangioleiomyomatosis, (b) PEComa, benign (with clear cell tumor as a variant) and
Topics: Female; History, 21st Century; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; World Health Organization
PubMed: 26291008
DOI: 10.1097/JTO.0000000000000630 -
Critical Care (London, England) Mar 2020
Topics: Abbreviations as Topic; Brain Injuries; Critical Care; Humans; Intensive Care Units
PubMed: 32171298
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2825-7 -
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine Jun 2021The naming of pathogens and their associated syndromes is a thorny process which unfolds in a complex geopolitical environment. This brief piece offers perspective on... (Review)
Review
The naming of pathogens and their associated syndromes is a thorny process which unfolds in a complex geopolitical environment. This brief piece offers perspective on the multitude of forces that shape the name of a pathogen and summarizes the story of Virus, with some reference to the ongoing saga of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A monopoly on names and circulating monikers rarely exists, and certain communities become disproportionately impacted by misunderstandings or stigmatization. By acknowledging these processes, we can better serve as allies to affected communities dealing with both pandemic and prejudice.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Sin Nombre virus; Terminology as Topic; World Health Organization
PubMed: 34211356
DOI: No ID Found -
Dysphagia Apr 2017Dysphagia is estimated to affect ~8% of the world's population (~590 million people). Texture-modified foods and thickened drinks are commonly used to reduce the risks...
Dysphagia is estimated to affect ~8% of the world's population (~590 million people). Texture-modified foods and thickened drinks are commonly used to reduce the risks of choking and aspiration. The International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) was founded with the goal of developing globally standardized terminology and definitions for texture-modified foods and liquids applicable to individuals with dysphagia of all ages, in all care settings, and all cultures. A multi-professional volunteer committee developed a dysphagia diet framework through systematic review and stakeholder consultation. First, a survey of existing national terminologies and current practice was conducted, receiving 2050 responses from 33 countries. Respondents included individuals with dysphagia; their caregivers; organizations supporting individuals with dysphagia; healthcare professionals; food service providers; researchers; and industry. The results revealed common use of 3-4 levels of food texture (54 different names) and ≥3 levels of liquid thickness (27 different names). Substantial support was expressed for international standardization. Next, a systematic review regarding the impact of food texture and liquid consistency on swallowing was completed. A meeting was then convened to review data from previous phases, and develop a draft framework. A further international stakeholder survey sought feedback to guide framework refinement; 3190 responses were received from 57 countries. The IDDSI Framework (released in November, 2015) involves a continuum of 8 levels (0-7) identified by numbers, text labels, color codes, definitions, and measurement methods. The IDDSI Framework is recommended for implementation throughout the world.
Topics: Adhesiveness; Beverages; Consensus; Consensus Development Conferences as Topic; Deglutition Disorders; Food; Hardness; Humans; Particle Size; Review Literature as Topic; Surveys and Questionnaires; Terminology as Topic; Viscosity
PubMed: 27913916
DOI: 10.1007/s00455-016-9758-y -
Clinical Medicine (London, England) Feb 2013From 1 April 2013, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) will be re-established under the provisions of the Health and Social Care Act 2012.... (Review)
Review
From 1 April 2013, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) will be re-established under the provisions of the Health and Social Care Act 2012. Although its name will change to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, its acronym--NICE--has been written into the face of the Act. The new NICE will continue to provide the full range of guidance and other products with which the Institute has become associated. It will, though, have enhanced responsibilities in the development of quality standards and in the introduction of value-based pricing. In addition, it will be responsible for producing guidance for social care (hence the change in its name) and associated quality standards. The changes to the structure of NICE will not change its relationship with the professions and we are confident that it will continue to be relevant to all those working in the National Health Service.
Topics: Academies and Institutes; Health Priorities; Humans; National Health Programs; Quality of Health Care; State Medicine; United Kingdom
PubMed: 23472486
DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.13-1-13 -
Journal of the American College of... Jun 2017
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Health Personnel; Humans; Insurance, Health; United States
PubMed: 28595704
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.004 -
Database : the Journal of Biological... Dec 2022The automatic recognition of chemical names and their corresponding database identifiers in biomedical text is an important first step for many downstream text-mining...
The automatic recognition of chemical names and their corresponding database identifiers in biomedical text is an important first step for many downstream text-mining applications. The task is even more challenging when considering the identification of these entities in the article's full text and, furthermore, the identification of candidate substances for that article's metadata [Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) article indexing]. The National Library of Medicine (NLM)-Chem track at BioCreative VII aimed to foster the development of algorithms that can predict with high quality the chemical entities in the biomedical literature and further identify the chemical substances that are candidates for article indexing. As a result of this challenge, the NLM-Chem track produced two comprehensive, manually curated corpora annotated with chemical entities and indexed with chemical substances: the chemical identification corpus and the chemical indexing corpus. The NLM-Chem BioCreative VII (NLM-Chem-BC7) Chemical Identification corpus consists of 204 full-text PubMed Central (PMC) articles, fully annotated for chemical entities by 12 NLM indexers for both span (i.e. named entity recognition) and normalization (i.e. entity linking) using MeSH. This resource was used for the training and testing of the Chemical Identification task to evaluate the accuracy of algorithms in predicting chemicals mentioned in recently published full-text articles. The NLM-Chem-BC7 Chemical Indexing corpus consists of 1333 recently published PMC articles, equipped with chemical substance indexing by manual experts at the NLM. This resource was used for the evaluation of the Chemical Indexing task, which evaluated the accuracy of algorithms in predicting the chemicals that should be indexed, i.e. appear in the listing of MeSH terms for the document. This set was further enriched after the challenge in two ways: (i) 11 NLM indexers manually verified each of the candidate terms appearing in the prediction results of the challenge participants, but not in the MeSH indexing, and the chemical indexing terms appearing in the MeSH indexing list, but not in the prediction results, and (ii) the challenge organizers algorithmically merged the chemical entity annotations in the full text for all predicted chemical entities and used a statistical approach to keep those with the highest degree of confidence. As a result, the NLM-Chem-BC7 Chemical Indexing corpus is a gold-standard corpus for chemical indexing of journal articles and a silver-standard corpus for chemical entity identification in full-text journal articles. Together, these resources are currently the most comprehensive resources for chemical entity recognition, and we demonstrate improvements in the chemical entity recognition algorithms. We detail the characteristics of these novel resources and make them available for the community. Database URL: https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/lu/NLM-Chem-BC7-corpus/.
Topics: United States; Humans; National Library of Medicine (U.S.); PubMed; Algorithms; Data Mining; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 36458799
DOI: 10.1093/database/baac102 -
European Journal of Public Health Aug 2018The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) have produced numerous global burden of disease (GBD) estimates since the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) have produced numerous global burden of disease (GBD) estimates since the 1990s, using disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Here we attempt to identify studies that have either independent DALY estimates or build on the work of WHO and IHME, for the WHO European Region, categorize them by scope of disease analysis and geographic coverage, and briefly compare their methodology (age weighting, discounting and disability weights).
METHODS
Google and Google Scholar were used with the search terms 'DALY', 'national burden of disease', Member State names and researcher's names, covering all years. Studies were categorized as: 'specific' (fewer than five disease categories or just risk factors for a single country), 'specific, multicountry' (fewer than five disease categories or just risk factors for more than one country), 'extensive' (covering five or more but not all disease categories for one country), 'full, sub country' (covering all relevant disease categories for part of one country) and 'full, country' (covering all relevant disease categories for one country).
RESULTS
A total of 198 studies were identified: 143 'specific', 26 'specific, multicountry', 7 'extensive', 10 'full, sub country' and 12 'full, country' [England (1), Estonia (2), France (1), Romania (1), Serbia (1), Spain (3), Sweden (2) and Turkey (1)]. About 5 (20%) of the 25 examinable 'extensive', 'full, sub country' and 'full, country' studies calculated DALYs using GBD 2010 methodology.
CONCLUSIONS
Independent burden of diseases studies in Europe have been located, and categorized by scope of disease analysis and geographic coverage. Methodological choices varied between independent 'full, country' studies.
Topics: Cost of Illness; Europe; Female; Global Burden of Disease; Health Status; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; World Health Organization
PubMed: 29697771
DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky060 -
Bulletin of the Medical Library... Jul 1973
Topics: Abbreviations as Topic; International Cooperation; Libraries; Periodicals as Topic; United States
PubMed: 4725349
DOI: No ID Found -
Database : the Journal of Biological... Mar 2023The BioCreative National Library of Medicine (NLM)-Chem track calls for a community effort to fine-tune automated recognition of chemical names in the biomedical...
The BioCreative National Library of Medicine (NLM)-Chem track calls for a community effort to fine-tune automated recognition of chemical names in the biomedical literature. Chemicals are one of the most searched biomedical entities in PubMed, and-as highlighted during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic-their identification may significantly advance research in multiple biomedical subfields. While previous community challenges focused on identifying chemical names mentioned in titles and abstracts, the full text contains valuable additional detail. We, therefore, organized the BioCreative NLM-Chem track as a community effort to address automated chemical entity recognition in full-text articles. The track consisted of two tasks: (i) chemical identification and (ii) chemical indexing. The chemical identification task required predicting all chemicals mentioned in recently published full-text articles, both span [i.e. named entity recognition (NER)] and normalization (i.e. entity linking), using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). The chemical indexing task required identifying which chemicals reflect topics for each article and should therefore appear in the listing of MeSH terms for the document in the MEDLINE article indexing. This manuscript summarizes the BioCreative NLM-Chem track and post-challenge experiments. We received a total of 85 submissions from 17 teams worldwide. The highest performance achieved for the chemical identification task was 0.8672 F-score (0.8759 precision and 0.8587 recall) for strict NER performance and 0.8136 F-score (0.8621 precision and 0.7702 recall) for strict normalization performance. The highest performance achieved for the chemical indexing task was 0.6073 F-score (0.7417 precision and 0.5141 recall). This community challenge demonstrated that (i) the current substantial achievements in deep learning technologies can be utilized to improve automated prediction accuracy further and (ii) the chemical indexing task is substantially more challenging. We look forward to further developing biomedical text-mining methods to respond to the rapid growth of biomedical literature. The NLM-Chem track dataset and other challenge materials are publicly available at https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/lu/BC7-NLM-Chem-track/. Database URL https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/lu/BC7-NLM-Chem-track/.
Topics: United States; Humans; COVID-19; National Library of Medicine (U.S.); Data Mining; Databases, Factual; MEDLINE
PubMed: 36882099
DOI: 10.1093/database/baad005