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Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports Oct 2022Subcutaneous hemangioma is a rare variant of slow-flowing venous malformation. It occurs in both adults and children and is more common in women. It exhibits an...
INTRODUCTION
Subcutaneous hemangioma is a rare variant of slow-flowing venous malformation. It occurs in both adults and children and is more common in women. It exhibits an aggressive growth pattern, can occur anywhere in the body, and may recur after resection. This report shows a rare localization of hemangioma in the retrocalcaneal bursa.
CASE REPORT
A female patient, age 31, presented with swelling and pain over the retro calcaneum region for 1 year. The pain in the retrocalcaneal region has increased with gradual intensity over the past 6 months. The swelling she described to be insidious in onset and gradually progressive. Examination findings at presentation were a middle-aged female with diffuse swelling in the retrocalcaneal region with a size of 2 cm by 1.5 cm. Based on the X-ray, we defined it to be myositis ossificans. With this view in mind, we admitted the patient and surgically excised the area. We operated by posteromedial approach and sent the specimen for histopathology. Pathology revealed calcified bursa. Microscopically, it was hemangioma with phleboliths and osseous metaplasia. The post-operative period was uneventful. The patient's pain was reduced, and overall performance was good at follow-up.
CONCLUSION
This case report highlights the importance for surgeons, pathologist to consider cavernous hemangioma as a differential diagnosis for retrocalcaneal swellings.
PubMed: 36874889
DOI: 10.13107/jocr.2022.v12.i10.3378 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2020Multiple Myeloma (MM) induces bone destruction, decreases bone formation, and increases marrow angiogenesis in patients. We reported that osteocytes (Ocys) directly...
Multiple Myeloma (MM) induces bone destruction, decreases bone formation, and increases marrow angiogenesis in patients. We reported that osteocytes (Ocys) directly interact with MM cells to increase tumor growth and expression of Ocy-derived factors that promote bone resorption and suppress bone formation. However, the contribution of Ocys to enhanced marrow vascularization in MM is unclear. Since the MM microenvironment is hypoxic, we assessed if hypoxia and/or interactions with MM cells increases pro-angiogenic signaling in Ocys. Hypoxia and/or co-culture with MM cells significantly increased Vegf-a expression in MLOA5-Ocys, and conditioned media (CM) from MLOA5s or MM-MLOA5 co-cultured in hypoxia, significantly increased endothelial tube length compared to normoxic CM. Further, Vegf-a knockdown in MLOA5s or primary Ocys co-cultured with MM cells or neutralizing Vegf-a in MM-Ocy co-culture CM completely blocked the increased endothelial activity. Importantly, Vegf-a-expressing Ocy numbers were significantly increased in MM-injected mouse bones, positively correlating with tumor vessel area. Finally, we demonstrate that direct contact with MM cells increases Ocy Fgf23, which enhanced Vegf-a expression in Ocys. Fgf23 deletion in Ocys blocked these changes. These results suggest hypoxia and MM cells induce a pro-angiogenic phenotype in Ocys via Fgf23 and Vegf-a signaling, which can promote MM-induced marrow vascularization.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow; Bone Resorption; Cell Line; Female; Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Gene Expression; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Multiple Myeloma; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Osteocytes; Osteogenesis; Tumor Microenvironment; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 33057033
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74352-x -
American Journal of Physiology. Cell... Apr 2020In this study, we identified P14 alternate reading frame (P14ARF) as a novel regulator of inflammation and vascularization in intervertebral disk degeneration (IVDD). We...
In this study, we identified P14 alternate reading frame (P14ARF) as a novel regulator of inflammation and vascularization in intervertebral disk degeneration (IVDD). We collected IVD tissues from IVDD patients and normal individuals for analysis of P14ARF expression. We also induced experimental IVDD by needle puncture injuries in the caudal intervertebral disks of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and achieved recombinant adenovirus-mediated P14ARF overexpression in experimental IVDD rats. Regulation relationships between P14ARF and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP3) were confirmed in P14ARF-overexpressed and TIMP3-depleted nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Tube formation in vitro was evaluated in coculture systems of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rat degenerated NP cells (DNPCs). Inflammatory response was assessed from levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and neovascularization from expression of endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The P14ARF and TIMP3 were downregulated in degenerated IVD tissue derived from patients and experimental IVDD rats. Overexpressed P14ARF suppressed inflammatory cytokine levels and vascularization. There was decreased in vitro tube formation in response to P14ARF overexpression and TIMP3 elevation. Finally, attenuated inflammatory responses and suppression of VEGF were achieved by P14ARF-mediated promotion of TIMP3 in rat DNPCs. Taken together, the present study reveals that P14ARF/TIMP3 modulation of inflammatory response and vascularization in the context of IVDD highlights a potential target for future therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Inflammation; Intervertebral Disc; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Rats; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3; Transcriptional Activation; Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; Up-Regulation
PubMed: 32023075
DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00271.2019 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2020Cardiovascular diseases, especially idiopathic myocardial fibrosis, is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality in captive great apes. This study...
Cardiovascular diseases, especially idiopathic myocardial fibrosis, is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality in captive great apes. This study compared the structure and morphology of 16 hearts from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) which were either healthy or affected by myocardial fibrosis using X-ray microtomography. In four hearts, a single, hyperdense structure was detected within the right fibrous trigone of the cardiac skeleton. High resolution scans and histopathology revealed trabecular bones in two cases, hyaline cartilage in another case and a focus of mineralised fibro-cartilaginous metaplasia with endochondral ossification in the last case. Four other animals presented with multiple foci of ectopic calcification within the walls of the great vessels. All hearts affected by marked myocardial fibrosis presented with bone or cartilage formation, and increased collagen levels in tissues adjacent to the bone/cartilage, while unaffected hearts did not present with os cordis or cartilago cordis. The presence of an os cordis has been described in some ruminants, camelids, and otters, but never in great apes. This novel research indicates that an os cordis and cartilago cordis is present in some chimpanzees, particularly those affected by myocardial fibrosis, and could influence the risk of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death.
Topics: Animals; Ape Diseases; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Bone and Bones; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cartilage; Collagen; Female; Fibrosis; Heart; Male; Myocardium; Pan troglodytes
PubMed: 32523027
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66345-7 -
Head and Neck Pathology Mar 2021The presence of non-odontogenic cysts associated with benign fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws has been well documented. However, literature is scant when describing...
The presence of non-odontogenic cysts associated with benign fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws has been well documented. However, literature is scant when describing benign fibro-osseous lesions with associated odontogenic cysts. This case report highlights the presence of a concurrent developmental odontogenic cyst, glandular odontogenic cyst with extensive squamous metaplasia, in a patient with florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD). The postulated pathogenesis of these synchronous lesions is discussed along with a review of current literature. Surgical treatment is discouraged for florid COD, however, radiological follow-up is recommended, especially in lesions with associated cysts.
Topics: Adult; Female; Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Odontogenic Cysts; Osteomyelitis
PubMed: 32096100
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01146-y -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Jun 2021Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most frequent chronic joint diseases with the increasing life expectancy. The main characteristics of the disease are loss of articular...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most frequent chronic joint diseases with the increasing life expectancy. The main characteristics of the disease are loss of articular cartilage, subchondral bone sclerosis and synovium inflammation. Physical measures, drug therapy and surgery are the mainstay of treatments for OA, whereas drug therapies are mainly limited to analgesics, glucocorticoids, hyaluronic acids and some alternative therapies because of single therapeutic target of OA joints. Baicalein, a traditional Chinese medicine extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been widely used in anti-inflammatory therapies. Previous studies revealed that baicalein could alleviate cartilage degeneration effectively by acting on articular chondrocytes. However, the mechanisms involved in baicalein-mediated protection of the OA are not completely understood in consideration of integrality of arthrosis. In this study, we found that intra-articular injection of baicalein ameliorated subchondral bone remodelling. Further studies showed that baicalein could decrease the number of differentiated osteoblasts by inhibiting pre-osteoblasts proliferation and promoting pre-osteoblasts apoptosis. In addition, baicalein impaired angiogenesis of endothelial cells and inhibited proliferation of synovial cells. Taken together, these results implicated that baicalein might be an effective medicine for treating OA by regulating multiple targets.
Topics: Animals; Bone Remodeling; Bone and Bones; Cell Proliferation; Flavanones; Inflammation; Male; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Osteoarthritis; Osteogenesis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synovial Membrane
PubMed: 33939310
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16538 -
Clinical Case Reports Dec 2023A rare form of invasive breast carcinoma, NOS, also known as matrix-producing carcinoma made up of epithelial and mesenchymal components. Usually, they are triple...
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE
A rare form of invasive breast carcinoma, NOS, also known as matrix-producing carcinoma made up of epithelial and mesenchymal components. Usually, they are triple negative and clinically aggressive and respond poorly to neoadjuvant systemic therapy.
ABSTRACT
Metaplastic breast carcinomas (MBCs) are ductal carcinomas that undergo metaplasia to form nonglandular growth patterns. They are extremely rare, constituting less than 1% of all invasive breast carcinomas. Matrix-producing carcinoma is an exceedingly rare form of MBC distinguished by a ductal carcinomatous component with direct transition to areas of cartilaginous or osseous differentiation without the presence of an intervening spindle cell element. MBCs are clinically aggressive, but matrix-producing subtypes have a relatively better prognosis. The tumors are usually triple negative. Therefore, surgery and chemotherapy are the main therapeutic approaches. Our report describes this unique form of MBC with prominent osseous differentiation in a 33-year-old female patient. Its distinct histological features and peculiar clinical behavior necessitate a thorough understanding of this one-of-a-kind disease entity.
PubMed: 38089485
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8320 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Aug 2023Calcifying pseudoneoplasms of the neuraxis (CAPNON) are infrequent benign brain tumors. They demonstrate slow growth and are characterized by calcium deposits within the...
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE
Calcifying pseudoneoplasms of the neuraxis (CAPNON) are infrequent benign brain tumors. They demonstrate slow growth and are characterized by calcium deposits within the tumor tissue. CAPNONs are observed in the supratentorial compartment of the brain. Due to their rarity, increasing knowledge of CAPNONs is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective management of affected patients. This report describes a case of CAPNON diagnosed in a 56-year-old female and discusses the clinical, imaging, and histopathological findings of this rare entity.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 56-year-old female presented with a history of recurrent holocranial headache and dizziness, progressively worsening over the last month. Physical and neurological examinations revealed no evident abnormalities. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a calcified and cystic mass, measuring 40 × 32 mm in the right frontal lobe. Complete excision of the mass was done. Histologically, the lesion was composed of glial tissue with abundant amorphous lamellar calcification and a myxoid matrix in the background. Concentric circular calcifications were observed with osseous metaplasia present in some areas. Palisading spindle to epithelioid cells was noted around the lesion. The final diagnosis was CAPNON. The postoperative course was uneventful, and one year of follow-up revealed no signs of recurrence.
DISCUSSION
CAPNON typically occurs in middle-aged adults and can present with variable symptoms depending on its location within the brain, including seizures, headaches, or neurological deficits. Surgical resection is considered the optimal treatment for CAPNON. Raising awareness and understanding of this rare entity is necessary for accurate diagnosis and management of patients affected by this condition.
PubMed: 37542877
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108588 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Jan 2024Primary cardiac tumors in animals are very rare. The purpose of this report was to describe the first case of a cardiac tumor comprising a malignant peripheral nerve...
Primary cardiac tumors in animals are very rare. The purpose of this report was to describe the first case of a cardiac tumor comprising a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and spontaneous atrial osseous metaplasia in a Corriedale sheep. Histologically, the tumor in the bilateral atrial pericardium consisted of dense cellular components comprising tumor cells and a sparse cellular area, and non-neoplastic mature bone tissue. The tumor cells were spindle-shaped, round, or polygonal, and proliferating, with fascicular, storiform, palisading, and sheet patterns. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, S-100, occasionally positive for myeline basic protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament, neuron specific enolase, and neuron growth factor receptor suggesting that they originated from the nervous system. On the basis of these findings, the final diagnosis was a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and spontaneous atrial osseous metaplasia.
Topics: Animals; Sheep; Neurofibrosarcoma; Nerve Sheath Neoplasms; Immunohistochemistry; S100 Proteins; Heart Neoplasms; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 37967950
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0247 -
International Journal of... 2023Nonossifying fibroma (NOF) is a benign lesion confined to the bone marrow and connective tissues without exhibiting osseous metaplasia. NOF of long bones in children is...
Nonossifying fibroma (NOF) is a benign lesion confined to the bone marrow and connective tissues without exhibiting osseous metaplasia. NOF of long bones in children is more common than its gnathic counterpart. Mandibular NOF is rare, and there is a paucity of information in the literature. NOF of the jaws clinically presents as a nodular, fibrous, asymptomatic, gingival, or alveolar mucosal enlargement, with or without facial swelling. NOF differs from the ossifying type by the presence of metastatic woven bone in ossifying type. This article reports an example of bilateral, multilocular, NOF of the mandible in a 15-year-old female patient with unilateral, asymptomatic facial asymmetry. The radiographic features were characteristic of NOF. It was treated successfully with surgical excision and curettage. A 2-year postoperative follow-up showed recurrence of the right lesion and needed secondary surgical intervention, and the tumor on the left side, however, healed well without recurrence.
Topics: Female; Child; Humans; Adolescent; Fibroma; Mandible
PubMed: 37338484
DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_53_23