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International Journal of Retina and... Oct 2021Intraocular osseous metaplasia is a rare histological finding associated with benign cellular transformation. Its development requires inflammatory cytokines and the...
BACKGROUND
Intraocular osseous metaplasia is a rare histological finding associated with benign cellular transformation. Its development requires inflammatory cytokines and the process takes many years. Previous case reports of intraocular ossification manifested as linear calcification or white plaques. In contrast, our case presented with a tumor-like solid mass, in which a long-standing chronic inflammatory stimulation may contribute to the stunning appearance.
CASE PRESENTATION
This is a 48-year-old woman with past history of advanced Coat's-like retinopathy and chronic retinal detachment in the left eye for 12 years. She underwent vitreoretinal surgery to prevent phthisis bulbi. During the operation, a 9 mm solid mass was found embedded within the proliferative tissue above the retina and was removed. Pathological findings revealed bone formation in the center of the mass surrounded by fibrous metaplasia and focal gliotic changes. Layers of cohesive cells were found lining on the external side of the mass, and further immuno-histochemical study suggested them retinal pigment epithelial cells. Postoperatively, the retina was attached with stable visual acuity and normal intraocular pressure.
CONCLUSION
To our knowledge, the appearance of a tumor-like mass representing intraocular osseous metaplasia in eyes with chronic inflammation or retinal detachment has not been reported in previous case reports. This case emphasizes the importance of considering osseous metaplasia as one of the differential diagnoses of an unknown intraocular mass, especially in eyes with great severity of chronic inflammation. Also, our immuno-histochemical study provided more evidence on the pathological role of retinal pigment epithelial cells in developing ossification.
PubMed: 34645522
DOI: 10.1186/s40942-021-00331-7 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2021Endometrial osseous metaplasia is a rare condition in which there is abnormal presence of bone in the endometrium. There is paucity of reported cases of this...
Endometrial osseous metaplasia is a rare condition in which there is abnormal presence of bone in the endometrium. There is paucity of reported cases of this pathological condition in Africa and it is usually overlooked as a cause of infertility. Pathogenesis is not well understood but mostly occurs following pregnancy. Pathology may be suspected on ultrasound scan where a linear echogenic substance is seen in the endometrium but diagnosis is confirmed by and treated with hysteroscopy. We present a case of a 43-year-old woman with 2 previous miscarriages who presented with secondary infertility. She had an ultrasound scan done which revealed features suggestive of an intra-uterine copper device. She subsequently had hysteroscopy and a bone-like foreign body was found in the endometrium which was removed with the aid of a grasper and later sent for histopathological evaluation for which a subsequent diagnosis of endometrial osseous metaplasia was made. Indeed, endometrial intraosseous metaplasia should be considered an important differential cause of secondary infertility especially in patients with history of previous miscarriage. Confirmatory diagnosis can be made through hysteroscopy and/or histopathologically although the former is now used.
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Endometrium; Female; Humans; Hysteroscopy; Infertility, Female; Metaplasia; Ossification, Heterotopic; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 34804329
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.40.61.30691 -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology Aug 2019Spinal psammomatous meningioma with calcification is commonly observed, but distinctive osseous differentiation rarely occurs. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Spinal psammomatous meningioma with calcification is commonly observed, but distinctive osseous differentiation rarely occurs.
CASE PRESENTATION
Here, we described a 52-year-old female complaining of chronic back pain for 5 years. CT and MRI examinations revealed an intradural extramedullary mass at the T4 level. The tumor was meticulously excised en bloc. Under the microscope, the tumor was found to be composed of conspicuous calcified psammoma bodies with remarkable immature bone formation. A primary diagnosis of psammomatous meningioma was made based on the recent WHO classification of tumors of the CNS, whereas other pathologists focused on the osseous components and preferred metaplastic meningioma as the proper subtype. A literature review was conducted, and only five cases have been reported with the same histopathological condition. Experts finally reached a consensus based on the acknowledged notion of the preferential diagnosis of psammomatous meningioma, as well as the current evidence and popular opinion that ossification is generated from osteogenic differentiation of pluripotent cells rather than the accumulation of psammoma bodies.
CONCLUSIONS
A final diagnosis of psammomatous meningioma with osseous metaplasia was made. The rigid and adherent features complicate total resection of the tumor and increase the risk of neurologic deficits.
Topics: Calcinosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningioma; Metaplasia; Middle Aged; Ossification, Heterotopic; Prognosis; Thoracic Neoplasms
PubMed: 31445511
DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1694-5 -
Journal of Breast Cancer Apr 2021Unusual or prominent calcifications found on screening mammography may prompt additional radiologic and clinical work-up given the possible association with...
Unusual or prominent calcifications found on screening mammography may prompt additional radiologic and clinical work-up given the possible association with pre-malignant lesions, other high-risk lesions, or malignancies. Osseous metaplasia (OM) of the breast, also referred to as metaplastic ossification or heterotopic bone formation, is an uncommon finding that may present as radiographic calcification. There are isolated case reports of OM associated with benign or malignant tumors of the breast, as well as with a variety of non-neoplastic conditions. We report 2 cases of OM in the breast associated with a hemangioma and review the relevant literature. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first reported cases of this association in the breast.
PubMed: 33818017
DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2021.24.e7 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic systemic bone metabolism disease characterized by decreased bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration, and fragility fractures. With the... (Review)
Review
Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic systemic bone metabolism disease characterized by decreased bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration, and fragility fractures. With the demographic change caused by long lifespans and population aging, OP is a growing health problem. The role of miRNA in the pathogenesis of OP has also attracted widespread attention from scholars in recent years. Type H vessels are unique microvessels of the bone and have become a new focus in the pathogenesis of OP because they play an essential role in osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling. Previous studies found some miRNAs regulate type H vessel formation through the regulatory factors, including platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and so on. These findings help us gain a more in-depth understanding of the relationship among miRNAs, type H vessels, and OP to find a new perspective on treating OP. In the present mini-review, we will introduce the role of type H vessels in the pathogenesis of OP and the regulation of miRNAs on type H vessel formation by affecting regulatory factors to provide some valuable insights for future studies of OP treatment.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Bone and Bones; MicroRNAs; Microvessels; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 38883597
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1394785 -
Case Reports in Pathology 2020Ependymoma is a circumscribed glioma composed of uniform glial cells with bland nuclei in a fibrillary matrix. It is characterized by the presence of perivascular...
Ependymoma is a circumscribed glioma composed of uniform glial cells with bland nuclei in a fibrillary matrix. It is characterized by the presence of perivascular pseudorosettes. Unusual histopathological findings have rarely been reported in ependymomas, 0.5% of all diagnosed cases. Such unusual and exceedingly rare histological findings include osseous or chondroid metaplasia. To the best of our knowledge, only 15 cases of osseocartilaginous ependymomas have been reported in English literature. We report a 3-year-old boy who presented with ataxia, vomiting, and headache for three months. Radiological imaging revealed a posterior fossa lesion. Histopathological examination of the lesion confirmed a posterior fossa ependymoma with chondro-osseous metaplasia. The present case outlines the clinical presentation, histopathological findings, and outcome of chondro-osseous metaplasia in ependymomas. To date, the etiology of chondro-osseous metaplasia in ependymomas remains uncertain. Further research exploring such phenomenon is of paramount importance to explain how these tumors develop.
PubMed: 32455040
DOI: 10.1155/2020/1528698 -
Toxicologic Pathology Apr 2020Smoking is a major risk factor for heart attack, stroke, and lung cancer. Tobacco smoke (TS) causes bronchitis, emphysema, persistent cough, and dyspnea. Smoking...
Smoking is a major risk factor for heart attack, stroke, and lung cancer. Tobacco smoke (TS) causes bronchitis, emphysema, persistent cough, and dyspnea. Smoking cessation minimizes risks of TS-related disease. To determine whether smoking cessation could reverse TS-induced pulmonary changes, 10-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats were exposed to TS or filtered air (FA) for 39 weeks and allowed to live out their normal lifespan. Significantly ( ≤ .05) decreased survival was noted by 21 months in TS versus FA rats. In TS rats, persistent peribronchiolar, perivascular, alveolar, and subpleural inflammation were observed with pervasive infiltration of pigmented foamy macrophages and plausible intra-alveolar fibrosis and osseous metaplasia. Alveolar airspace was significantly ( ≤ .05) increased in TS versus FA rats as was the volume of stored epithelial mucosubstances in the left central axial airway. Increased mucin contributes to airflow obstruction and increased lung infection risks. Findings suggest TS-induced changes do not attenuate with smoking cessation but result in irreversible damage similar to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The observed persistent pulmonary changes mirror common TS effects such as chest congestion, sputum production, and shortness of breath long after smoking cessation and represent important targets for treatment of former smokers.
Topics: Animals; Lung; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Smoking Cessation; Time; Tobacco Smoke Pollution
PubMed: 31870229
DOI: 10.1177/0192623319893312 -
Skeletal Radiology Dec 2019The purpose of this article is to review calcified or ossified benign soft tissue lesions that may simulate malignancy. We review the clinical presentations, locations,... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this article is to review calcified or ossified benign soft tissue lesions that may simulate malignancy. We review the clinical presentations, locations, imaging characteristics, and differential diagnostic considerations of myositis ossificans, tophaceous gout, benign vascular lesions, calcific tendinopathy with osseous involvement, periosteal chondroma, primary synovial chondromatosis, Hoffa's disease, tumoral calcinosis, lipoma with metaplasia, calcifying aponeurotic fibroma, calcific myonecrosis, ancient schwannoma, and Castleman disease.
Topics: Calcinosis; Castleman Disease; Chondroma; Diagnosis, Differential; Fibroma, Ossifying; Gout; Humans; Joint Diseases; Lipoma; Muscular Diseases; Myositis Ossificans; Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue; Neurilemmoma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Vascular Diseases
PubMed: 31297550
DOI: 10.1007/s00256-019-03272-3 -
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... May 2022Skull bone development is a dynamic and well-coordinated process playing a key role in maturation and maintenance of the bone marrow (BM), fracture healing, and...
Skull bone development is a dynamic and well-coordinated process playing a key role in maturation and maintenance of the bone marrow (BM), fracture healing, and progression of diseases such as osteoarthritis or osteoporosis. At present, dynamic transformation of the growing bone (osteogenesis) as well as its vascularization (angiogenesis) remain largely unexplored due to the lack of suitable in vivo imaging techniques capable of noninvasive visualization of the whole developing calvaria at capillary-level resolution. We present a longitudinal study on skull bone development using ultrasound-aided large-scale optoacoustic microscopy (U-LSOM). Skull bone morphogenesis and microvascular growth patterns were monitored in three common mouse strains (C57BL/6J, CD-1, and Athymic Nude-Foxn1nu) at the whole-calvaria scale over a 3-month period. Strain-specific differences in skull development were revealed by quantitative analysis of bone and vessel parameters, indicating the coupling between angiogenesis and osteogenesis during skull bone growth in a minimally invasive and label-free manner. The method further enabled identifying BM-specific sinusoidal vessels, and superficial skull vessels penetrating into BM compartments. Our approach furnishes a new high-throughput longitudinal in vivo imaging platform to study morphological and vascular skull alterations in health and disease, shedding light on the critical links between blood vessel formation, skull growth, and regeneration. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Topics: Animals; Longitudinal Studies; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microscopy; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Osteogenesis; Skull
PubMed: 35220594
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4533 -
ACG Case Reports Journal Sep 2021
PubMed: 34611529
DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000667