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Journal of Indian Association of... 2023
PubMed: 37389389
DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_148_22 -
Journal of Cytology 2024
PubMed: 38779610
DOI: 10.4103/joc.joc_115_23 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2019Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma are the most common malignant primary bone tumors mainly occurring in children, adolescents and young adults. Current standard therapy... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma are the most common malignant primary bone tumors mainly occurring in children, adolescents and young adults. Current standard therapy includes multidrug chemotherapy and/or radiation specifically for Ewing sarcoma, associated with tumor resection. However, patient survival has not evolved for the past decade and remains closely related to the response of tumor cells to chemotherapy, reaching around 75% at 5 years for patients with localized forms of osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma but less than 30% in metastatic diseases and patients resistant to initial chemotherapy. Despite Ewing sarcoma being characterized by specific gene fusions resulting in oncogenic transcription factors, currently, no targeted therapy could be implemented. It seems even more difficult to develop a targeted therapeutic strategy in osteosarcoma which is characterized by high complexity and heterogeneity in genomic alterations. Nevertheless, the common point between these different bone tumors is their ability to deregulate bone homeostasis and remodeling and divert them to their benefit. Therefore, targeting different actors of the bone tumor microenvironment has been hypothesized to develop new therapeutic strategies. In this context, it is well known that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a key role in cancer development, including osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma as well as in bone remodeling. Moreover, recent studies highlight the implication of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in angiogenesis and immuno-surveillance, two key mechanisms involved in metastatic dissemination. This review focuses on the role played by this signaling pathway in the development of primary bone tumors and the modulation of their specific microenvironment.
Topics: Adolescent; Antineoplastic Agents; Bone Neoplasms; Bone and Bones; Child; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; Osteosarcoma; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; RNA-Binding Protein EWS; Sarcoma, Ewing; Survival Analysis; Tumor Microenvironment; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Young Adult; beta Catenin
PubMed: 31370265
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153751 -
BMC Veterinary Research Jan 2023Interpretation of patellar ligament (PL) ultrasonography may be difficult, as hypoechoic or heterogenous echogenicity are common findings. Verifying suspected disease of...
BACKGROUND
Interpretation of patellar ligament (PL) ultrasonography may be difficult, as hypoechoic or heterogenous echogenicity are common findings. Verifying suspected disease of equine PLs by histopathology is also problematic as descriptions of normal PL vascularity and histology are scarce. The current study describes the PL and infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) vascular pattern from computed tomography scans of barium perfused normal equine specimens (n = 8; age 10 days to 18 years), as well as routine histology to serve as a reference for future investigations into PL pathology and IFP disease.
RESULTS
The PLs received a bipolar blood supply. Vascular architecture consisted of numerous distinct longitudinal vessels with several horizontal connections, which branched into extensive latticeworks of smaller vessels throughout the ligaments. Several vascular connections between the PLs and the IFP were identified. One distinct longitudinal vessel was seen entering each of the IFP lobes at the distocranial aspect, branching extensively into lobar vascular networks which anastomosed by several horizontal branches at the mid portion of the IFP where the two lobes merge. Histologically, there were large variations in PL interfascicular endotenon thickness, vascularity and fatty infiltration; these parameters increased with age for the intermediate and medial PL. Areas of metaplastic tenocytes / chondroid metaplasia were identified in all investigated adult medial PLs; in 2/7 in the intermediate PL and in 4/7 in the lateral PL. The adult IFP consisted of white unilocular adipose tissue, organized in lobules separated by thin connective tissue septa increasing in thickness towards the periphery and the distocentral aspect.
CONCLUSIONS
The equine PLs and IFP are highly vascularized structures with ample vascular connections suggestive of crosstalk. This, together with the large variation in PL endotenon thickness, vascularity and fatty infiltration, should be taken into consideration when assessing potential PL histopathology as these changes increase with age and are found in horses without clinical signs of stifle disease. Metaplastic tenocytes / chondroid metaplasia should be considered a normal finding throughout the medial PL and is not age dependent. The role of the equine IFP in stifle disease has yet to be elucidated.
Topics: Animals; Adipose Tissue; Horses; Knee Joint; Patella; Patellar Ligament; Stifle; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 36691004
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03579-3 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022To describe histopathologic features found in dural biopsies of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) with Chiari-like malformation (CM) and identify any associations...
To describe histopathologic features found in dural biopsies of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) with Chiari-like malformation (CM) and identify any associations between age, duration of clinical signs, syrinx location or syringomyelia (SM, and quality of life (QOL). The medical records of 121 consecutive client owned CKCS with CM and SM, confirmed by whole body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), that underwent foramen magnum decompression (FMD) with cranioplasty and durectomy with biopsy from 2006 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Dural biopsies were submitted to a board-certified veterinary pathologist for histopathologic interpretation. The chi-square test was used to analyze associations between histologic findings and categorical variables. For continuous measures, the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test was used to compare distributions across pathology categories. A result was considered statistically significant at the < 0.05 level of significance. The mean age, duration of pre-surgical clinical signs, and pre-operative QOL (1-5 scale) were 44.27 months, 44.78 weeks, and 2.72, respectively. Syringomyelia was found in the cervical region only in 39 of 121 (32.23%) of dogs, in the cervical and thoracic region only in 17 of 121 (14.05%) of dogs, and in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar region combined in 65 of 121 (53.72%) of dogs. Sixty-six of one hundred twenty-one (54.55%) dural biopsy specimens had histopathology changes; fifty-five (45.45%) did not. Forty-three of one hundred twenty-one (35.54%) dural biopsy specimens had osseous metaplasia, 16 of 121 (13.22%) had evidence of fibrosis, 4 of 121 (3.31%) had arachnoid hyperplasia, and 3 of 121 (2.48%) had evidence of mineralization. Most dogs with CM were found to have histopathologic changes in the dura at the time of FMD cranioplasty was performed. These dural changes can be observed in dogs experiencing clinical signs for a time period as short as 4 weeks prior to presentation. The histopathologic changes were not associated with age, breed, duration of clinical signs, the location of syringomyelia or QOL. The influence of histopathologic changes on long-term prognosis in dogs without dural decompression is unknown since all dogs in this study had dural resection.
PubMed: 36157194
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.954092 -
Journal of Veterinary Science Sep 2023Two Domestic Korean Shorthair cats presented with dyschezia and vomiting. Computed tomography revealed a colonic mass with calcification and lymph node metastasis in...
Two Domestic Korean Shorthair cats presented with dyschezia and vomiting. Computed tomography revealed a colonic mass with calcification and lymph node metastasis in case 1, and a small intestinal mass with disseminated mesenteric metastasis and calcification in case 2. Histopathology revealed intestinal adenocarcinoma with osseous metaplasia. Case 1 died two months after surgery from distant metastasis; and case 2 showed no metastasis for five months but presented with anorexia, euthanized seven months after diagnosis. Metastatic intestinal adenocarcinoma with bone formation should be considered as differential diagnosis for calcification on imaging, and lymph node metastasis at diagnosis may indicate poor prognosis.
Topics: Cats; Animals; Lymphatic Metastasis; Adenocarcinoma; Intestines; Metaplasia; Republic of Korea; Cat Diseases
PubMed: 37638712
DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23124 -
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society Sep 2020Metaplastic meningioma is an extremely rare subtype of World Health Organization (WHO) grade I meningioma. It has distinctive histological subtypes according to its own...
OBJECTIVE
Metaplastic meningioma is an extremely rare subtype of World Health Organization (WHO) grade I meningioma. It has distinctive histological subtypes according to its own mesenchymal components. Owing to its scarcity, clinical or radiological features of a metaplastic meningioma are poorly described.
METHODS
Between 2004 and 2018, we analyzed total 1814 cases surgically proven meningioma for 15 years. Among them, metaplastic meningioma was diagnosed in 11 cases. Magnetic resonance images were taken for all patients, and computed tomography scan was taken for 10 patients.
RESULTS
WHO grade I meningiomas were 1376 cases (75.9%), 354 cases (19.5%) in WHO grade II, and 84 cases (4.6%) in WHO grade III meningiomas. Metaplastic meningioma was 11 cases as 0.8% of WHO grade I meningioma and 0.6% of entire meningiomas for 15 years. Among the entire 11 metaplastic meningiomas, five tumors (45%) were diagnosed as a lipomatous subtype with rich fat components, four (36%) as an osseous subtype with extensive bone formation and two (18%) as a xanthomatous subtype. There was no cartilaginous subtype metaplastic meningioma in our study. Lipomatous and osseous metaplastic meningioma have peculiar radiological characteristics according to mesenchymal components.
CONCLUSION
We investigated a rare metaplastic meningioma subtype based on our 15-year surgical experience with meningiomas. Further investigation will be necessary for the clear clarification of tumor nature of this rare tumor.
PubMed: 32883060
DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2020.0151 -
Clinical Case Reports Sep 2023Understanding the role of hormones in periodontitis is important. Periodontal microscopic surgery approach in the treatment of fibrous epulis is not indicated. Wider...
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE
Understanding the role of hormones in periodontitis is important. Periodontal microscopic surgery approach in the treatment of fibrous epulis is not indicated. Wider flap access with root planning is indicated to control the lesion in one phase.
ABSTRACT
We present a case of a 40-year-old female who presented with a gingival hyperplastic lesion around the maxillary left permanent central and lateral incisors. Patient's medical history reveals a recent pregnancy, hypothyroidism, ulcerative colitis, and schizoaffective disorder. All medical conditions were controlled by medications. The lesion was excised using a minimally invasive periodontal surgical technique, and the biopsy results confirmed a diagnosis of ulcerative fibrous epulis with osseous metaplasia. No curettage or local debridement was done under the assumption that the patient's oral hygiene was satisfactory and due to aesthetic concerns of gingival recession and creation of black triangles. The lesion recurred after 3 months and was removed using a traditional more invasive surgical technique. The patient was followed up for 2 years, and there was no further recurrence due to the complete excision of the lesion in the second surgery and the disappearance of the hormonal-related factors post-pregnancy that could have contributed to the gingival hyperplasia. The unique component of the case we are presenting is the comparison between two different surgical techniques and the conduction versus absence of local periodontal debridement after surgical excision as well as the possible correlation between oral supplements and the calcific nature of the lesion(s) reported. The case we present demonstrates that a more invasive traditional surgical approach together with local periodontal therapy provide an optimum treatment outcome in conjunction with elimination of any associated etiological factors. We also propose that hormones are more important as an etiological factor in developing fibrous epulis lesions than medical conditions and medications.
PubMed: 37636873
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7828 -
Medicine Feb 2022Pilomatricoma is a benign skin appendageal tumor derived from hair follicle matrix cells that commonly affects the head, neck, and upper extremities of the pediatric... (Review)
Review
RATIONALE
Pilomatricoma is a benign skin appendageal tumor derived from hair follicle matrix cells that commonly affects the head, neck, and upper extremities of the pediatric population. Since the original tumor description, diverse variants have been reported in the literature. Pilomatricoma with florid osseous metaplasia is described as an ossifying pilomatricoma and is recognized as a distinct variant of this benign tumor. However, the pathogenesis of this variant remains unclear. In this study, we present an uncommon case of ossifying pilomatricoma and address the pathogenesis of metaplastic ossification through a comprehensive literature review.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 14-year-old boy presented with an asymptomatic protuberant mass in the preauricular region.
DIAGNOSIS
Based on its clinicopathological features, we diagnosed the lesion as an ossifying pilomatricoma.
INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES
The lesion was surgically removed under local anesthesia. The postoperative course was uneventful during the 6-month postoperative follow-up.
LESSONS
We suggest that metaplastic ossification in ossifying pilomatricoma represents another feature of foreign body reaction to keratinous materials containing shadow cells in old lesions and a walling-off phenomenon to prevent exposure of surrounding tissues to keratinous materials.
Topics: Adolescent; Calcinosis; Choristoma; Foreign-Body Reaction; Hair Diseases; Humans; Male; Metaplasia; Osteogenesis; Pilomatrixoma; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 35147098
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028753 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Apr 2024Hormonal necrosis of the femoral head is caused by long-term use of glucocorticoids and other causes of abnormal bone metabolism, lipid metabolism imbalance and blood... (Review)
Review
Hormonal necrosis of the femoral head is caused by long-term use of glucocorticoids and other causes of abnormal bone metabolism, lipid metabolism imbalance and blood microcirculation disorders in the femoral head, resulting in bone trabecular fracture, bone tissue necrosis collapse, and hip dysfunction. It is the most common type of non-traumatic necrosis of the femoral head, and its pathogenesis is complex, while impaired blood circulation is considered to be the key to its occurrence. There are a large number of microvessels in the femoral head, among which H-type vessels play a decisive role in the "angiogenesis and osteogenesis coupling", and thus have an important impact on the occurrence and development of femoral head necrosis. Glucocorticoids can cause blood flow injury of the femoral head mainly through coagulation dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction and impaired angiogenesis. Glucocorticoids may inhibit the formation of H-type vessels by reducing the expression of HIF-1α, PDGF-BB, VGEF and other factors, thus causing damage to the "angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling" and reducing the ability of necrosis reconstruction and repair of the femoral head. Leads to the occurrence of hormonal femoral head necrosis. Therefore, this paper reviewed the progress in the study of the mechanism of hormone-induced femoral head necrosis based on microvascular blood flow at home and abroad, hoping to provide new ideas for the study of the mechanism of femoral head necrosis and provide references for clinical treatment of femoral head necrosis.
Topics: Humans; Femur Head Necrosis; Microvessels; Glucocorticoids; Femur Head; Microcirculation; Neovascularization, Pathologic
PubMed: 38671500
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04748-2