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Cureus Apr 2022Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor of the uterus, affecting reproductive-age women. Although women with uterine fibroids are commonly asymptomatic, in...
Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor of the uterus, affecting reproductive-age women. Although women with uterine fibroids are commonly asymptomatic, in symptomatic patients, hysteroscopic myomectomy is considered the first-line surgical treatment for intracavitary fibroids in women who wish to maintain fertility. Osseous metaplasia in uterine fibroids is the transformation of fibroids cells into pure mature or immature bone. It is rare, and few case reports present with osseous metaplasia in uterine fibroids. This is the first report in the literature of osseous metaplasia in a remnant fibroid after hysteroscopic myomectomy. Every effort should be attempted to ensure complete retrieval of the detached fibroid remnant after hysteroscopic resection, as this might decrease the risk for subsequent surgeries.
PubMed: 35592202
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24156 -
Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 2021To evaluate the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the membrane induced by the Masquelet technique in rabbits.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the membrane induced by the Masquelet technique in rabbits.
METHODS
Twelve Norfolk rabbits at approximately 3 months of age were used. A 1-cm segmental defect was induced in both radii, which were filled with polymethylmethacrylate cylinder. LLLT was used postoperatively in the bone defect of one of the forelimbs every 48 hours for 15 days. Six rabbits were euthanatized on third and sixth postoperative weeks.
RESULTS
In both forelimbs, radiographs showed new bone growth from radius cut ends on the third postoperative week and more advanced stage on the sixth postoperative week. Ultrasound showed induced membrane one week after the surgery. Histologically, there were no significant differences in the semi-quantitative score of inflammation intensity, total number of blood vessels, bone metaplasia, and collagen. The average thicknesses were 2,050.17 and 1,451.96 μm for control membranes and 2,724.26 and 2,081.03 μm for irradiated membranes, respectively, on third and sixth postoperative weeks. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) expression were present in the induced membranes of control and irradiated forelimbs, but there was no significant difference.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on assessment methods, it was not possible to demonstrate the effect of LLLT on the induced membrane.
Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Collagen; Low-Level Light Therapy; Rabbits; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 34817024
DOI: 10.1590/ACB361003 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2021Metastasis to the bone is a common feature of many cancers including those of the breast, prostate, lung, thyroid and kidney. Once tumors metastasize to the bone, they... (Review)
Review
Metastasis to the bone is a common feature of many cancers including those of the breast, prostate, lung, thyroid and kidney. Once tumors metastasize to the bone, they are essentially incurable. Bone metastasis is a complex process involving not only intravasation of tumor cells from the primary tumor into circulation, but extravasation from circulation into the bone where they meet an environment that is generally suppressive of their growth. The bone microenvironment can inhibit the growth of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) by inducing dormancy of the DTC directly and later on following formation of a micrometastatic tumour mass by inhibiting metastatic processes including angiogenesis, bone remodeling and immunosuppressive cell functions. In this review we will highlight some of the mechanisms mediating DTC dormancy and the complex relationships which occur between tumor cells and bone resident cells in the bone metastatic microenvironment. These inter-cellular interactions may be important targets to consider for development of novel effective therapies for the prevention or treatment of bone metastases.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bone Neoplasms; Bone and Bones; Cell Communication; Cytokines; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Macrophages; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts; Signal Transduction; Tumor Escape; Tumor Microenvironment; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
PubMed: 33805598
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062911 -
The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal :... Aug 2022Common surgical techniques aim to turn the entire vomerine mucosa with vomer flaps either to the oral side or to the nasal side. The latter approach is widely performed...
BACKGROUND
Common surgical techniques aim to turn the entire vomerine mucosa with vomer flaps either to the oral side or to the nasal side. The latter approach is widely performed due to the similarity in color to the nasal mucosa. However, we lack a histologic description of the curved vomerine mucosa in cleft lip and palate malformations.
METHODS
We histologically examined an excess of curved vomerine mucosa in 8 patients using hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, Elastin van Gieson, and Alcian blue stains. Tissue samples were obtained during surgery at 8 months of age.
RESULTS
Our histological analysis of the mucoperiosteum overlying the curved vomer revealed characteristics consistent with those of an oral mucosa or a squamous metaplasia of the nasal mucosa, as exhibited by a stratified squamous epithelium containing numerous seromucous glands. Some areas showed a palisaded arrangement of the basal cells compatible with metaplasia of respiratory epithelium, but no goblet cells or respiratory cilia were identified. Abundant fibrosis and rich vascularity were present.
CONCLUSION
The vomer mucosa showed no specific signs of nasal mucosa. These findings should be considered in presurgical cleft orthopedics and palatal surgery for further refinement. Shifting the vomer mucosa according to a fixed physiologic belief should not overrule other important aspects of cleft repair such as primary healing and establishing optimal form and function of palatal roof and nasal floor.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Humans; Metaplasia; Mouth Mucosa; Nasal Mucosa; Palate, Hard; Plastic Surgery Procedures
PubMed: 34291694
DOI: 10.1177/10556656211031419 -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... May 2021Nattokinase (NK), an active ingredient extracted from traditional food Natto, has been studied for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases due to various...
PURPOSE
Nattokinase (NK), an active ingredient extracted from traditional food Natto, has been studied for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases due to various vasoprotective effects, including fibrinolytic, antihypertensive, anti-atherosclerotic, antiplatelet, and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we reported an antineovascular effect of NK against experimental retinal neovascularization.
METHODS
The inhibitory effect of NK against retinal neovascularization was evaluated using an oxygen-induced retinopathy murine model. Expressions of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and glial activation in the NK-treated retinae were measured. We also investigated cell proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after NK administration.
RESULTS
NK treatment significantly attenuated retinal neovascularization in the OIR retinae. Consistently, NK suppressed VEGF-induced cell proliferation and migration in a concentration-dependent manner in cultured vascular endothelial cells. NK ameliorated ischemic retinopathy partially via activating Nrf2/HO-1. In addition, NK orchestrated reactive gliosis and promoted microglial activation toward a reparative phenotype in ischemic retina. Treatment of NK exhibited no cell toxicity or anti-angiogenic effects in the normal retina.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results revealed the anti-angiogenic effect of NK against retinal neovascularization via modulating Nrf2/HO-1, glial activation and neuroinflammation, suggesting a promising alternative treatment strategy for retinal neovascularization.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blotting, Western; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Dextrans; Disease Models, Animal; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; Gliosis; Heme Oxygenase-1; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Neuroglia; Orbit; Retinal Neovascularization; Soy Foods; Subtilisins; Transfection
PubMed: 34036312
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.6.25 -
Plastrum Testudinis Extract Mitigates Thiram Toxicity in Broilers via Regulating PI3K/AKT Signaling.Biomolecules Nov 2019Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) negatively affects broilers all over the world, in which the accretion of the growth plate (GP) develops into tibial proximal metaphysis....
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) negatively affects broilers all over the world, in which the accretion of the growth plate (GP) develops into tibial proximal metaphysis. Plastrum testudinis extract (PTE) is renowned as a powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bone healing agent. The current study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of PTE for the treatment of thiram-induced TD chickens. Broilers (day old; = 300) were raised for 3 days with normal feed. On the 4th day, three groups ( = 100 each) were sorted, namely, the control (normal diet), TD, and PTE groups (normal diet+ thiram 50 mg/kg). On the 7th day, thiram was stopped in the TD and PTE group, and the PTE group received a normal diet and PTE (30 mg/kg/day). Plastrum testudinis extract significantly restored ( < 0.05) the liver antioxidant enzymes, inflammatory cytokines, serum biochemicals, GP width, and tibia weight as compared to the TD group. The PTE administration significantly increased ( < 0.05) growth performance, vascularization, (serine/threonine-protein kinase), and expressions and the number of hepatocytes and chondrocytes with intact nuclei were enhanced. In conclusion, PTE has the potential to heal TD lesions and act as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drug in chickens exposed to thiram via the upregulation of and expressions.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Chickens; Growth Plate; Inflammation; Liver; Male; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Osteochondrodysplasias; Oxidative Stress; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Poultry Diseases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Signal Transduction; Thiram; Tibia; Time Factors; Tissue Extracts
PubMed: 31779199
DOI: 10.3390/biom9120784 -
Cureus Dec 2020Cholesterol polyps are the most common benign gallbladder polyps and are usually seen in a background of cholesterolosis. Rarely, they can harbor foci of osseous...
Cholesterol polyps are the most common benign gallbladder polyps and are usually seen in a background of cholesterolosis. Rarely, they can harbor foci of osseous metaplasia, which is an event of uncertain clinical significance that might be confused with cholelithiasis clinically or radiologically. Herein we report the case of a 78-year-old female with a 1.8-cm pedunculated polyp arising in the gallbladder body. Histologic examination showed microscopic foci of osseous metaplasia, characterized by heterotropic bone trabeculae rimmed by osteoblasts and surrounded by osteoclast giant cells. To the best of our knowledge, this case is the third case report of a cholesterol polyp with osseous metaplasia in the English literature. We also review the relative pathogenesis, clinical and pathologic findings, and previous reports.
PubMed: 33520551
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12357 -
British Journal of Cancer Nov 2020Metaplastic breast carcinoma encompasses a heterogeneous group of tumours with differentiation into squamous and/or spindle, chondroid, osseous or rhabdoid...
BACKGROUND
Metaplastic breast carcinoma encompasses a heterogeneous group of tumours with differentiation into squamous and/or spindle, chondroid, osseous or rhabdoid mesenchymal-looking elements. Emerging immunotherapies targeting Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and immune-suppressing T cells (Tregs) may benefit metaplastic breast cancer patients, which are typically chemo-resistant and do not express hormone therapy targets.
METHODS
We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 and FOXP3, and the extent of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in a large cohort of metaplastic breast cancers, with survival data.
RESULTS
Metaplastic breast cancers were significantly enriched for PD-L1 positive tumour cells, compared to triple-negative ductal breast cancers (P < 0.0001), while there was no significant difference in PD-L1 positive TILs. Metaplastic breast cancers were also significantly enriched for TILs expressing FOXP3, with FOXP3 positive intra-tumoural TILs (iTILs) associated with an adverse prognostic outcome (P = 0.0226). Multivariate analysis identified FOXP3 iTILs expression status as an important independent prognostic factor for patient survival.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate the clinical significance and prognostic value of FOXP3, PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint and TILs in metaplastic breast cancer and confirm that a subset of metaplastics may benefit from immune-based therapies.
Topics: Adult; Aged; B7-H1 Antigen; Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating; Metaplasia; Middle Aged
PubMed: 32939056
DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01065-3 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2024Primary hyperthyroidism is a rarely diagnosed endocrinopathy in equids and there have been no previous reports of structural and functional cardiac changes associated...
Primary hyperthyroidism is a rarely diagnosed endocrinopathy in equids and there have been no previous reports of structural and functional cardiac changes associated with hyperthyroidism in these species. This case report investigates a 20-year-old mule gelding that presented for a three-month history of thin body condition despite polyphagia, with a heart murmur and elevated free and total thyroid hormone concentrations. On presentation, physical exam revealed a body condition score of two out of nine, persistent tachycardia, pansystolic heart murmur and firm bilateral ventral proximal cervical masses. Bloodwork confirmed markedly elevated free T4, total T4 and T3 concentrations. Echocardiogram demonstrated left ventricular concentric hypertrophy with increased ventricular and atrial systolic function. Bilateral thyroidectomy was performed under standing sedation without complications. Histopathology demonstrated adenocarcinoma of the left thyroid gland and multiple adenomas with osseous metaplasia within the right thyroid. The mule was supplemented with levothyroxine sodium two weeks post-op after a thyroid panel demonstrated undetectable concentrations. Polyphagia resolved following surgery and the mule began gaining weight. Echocardiographic changes improved but did not resolve at two years post-operative. Continued bi-annual follow up and monitoring of thyroid levels was recommended. This case represents the first documentation of hemodynamically relevant cardiac remodeling in an equid associated with primary hyperthyroidism.
PubMed: 38891707
DOI: 10.3390/ani14111660 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Jul 2019BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using osteoprotegerin (OPG) to treat bone defects mediated by endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)...
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using osteoprotegerin (OPG) to treat bone defects mediated by endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) recruitment and migration through the CXCR4 signaling pathway. MATERIAL AND METHODS The EPCs extracted from human peripheral blood were cultured in vitro and the expression of CXCR4 and its downstream p-AKT was monitored by the Western blot analysis after OPG treatment. Using the scratch wound healing test and Transwell assay, we assessed the variables influencing the effect of OPG on EPCs after pre-treatment with CXCR4 blocker (AMD3100) and PI3K blocker (Ly294002). After 4 weeks, the bone defect repair condition was estimated via micro-CT and staining with HE and Masson trichrome. Then, immunofluorescence staining was performed to assess angiogenesis in bone defects, while the expression of EPC marker and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) was detected by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The EPCs treated with OPG had increased levels of CXCR4 and p-AKT. Moreover, the difference in EPC levels among groups in the scratch wound healing experiment and migration experiment indicated that the OPG treatment promoted cell migration and AMD3100 and LY294002 inhibited the function of OPG. In addition, OPG promoted angiogenesis and repair of bone defect in rats, and these effects were abolished by AMD3100 and LY294002 administration. CONCLUSIONS OPG enhanced the proliferation and migration of EPCs through the CXCR4 pathway and promoted angiogenesis and bone formation at bone defect sites.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; Animals; Benzylamines; Bone Regeneration; Bone and Bones; Cell Movement; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CXCL12; Cyclams; Endothelial Progenitor Cells; Heterocyclic Compounds; Humans; Male; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Osteoprotegerin; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, CXCR4; Signal Transduction; Stem Cells; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 31350844
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.916838