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Chimia Sep 2021Some of the most important features of ferrocene chemistry - structure, reactivity, redox properties, and applications - are presented. Their value in the context of...
Some of the most important features of ferrocene chemistry - structure, reactivity, redox properties, and applications - are presented. Their value in the context of conveying many fundamental aspects of molecular chemistry is considered.
Topics: Metallocenes; Molecular Structure; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 34526190
DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2021.805 -
ELife Jun 2022Lactate oxidation with NAD as electron acceptor is a highly endergonic reaction. Some anaerobic bacteria overcome the energetic hurdle by flavin-based electron...
Lactate oxidation with NAD as electron acceptor is a highly endergonic reaction. Some anaerobic bacteria overcome the energetic hurdle by flavin-based electron bifurcation/confurcation (FBEB/FBEC) using a lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh) in concert with the electron-transferring proteins EtfA and EtfB. The electron cryo-microscopically characterized (Ldh-EtfAB) complex of at 2.43 Å resolution consists of a mobile EtfAB shuttle domain located between the rigid central Ldh and the peripheral EtfAB base units. The FADs of Ldh and the EtfAB shuttle domain contact each other thereby forming the D (dehydrogenation-connected) state. The intermediary Glu37 and Glu139 may harmonize the redox potentials between the FADs and the pyruvate/lactate pair crucial for FBEC. By integrating Alphafold2 calculations a plausible novel B (bifurcation-connected) state was obtained allowing electron transfer between the EtfAB base and shuttle FADs. Kinetic analysis of enzyme variants suggests a correlation between NAD binding site and D-to-B-state transition implicating a 75° rotation of the EtfAB shuttle domain. The FBEC inactivity when truncating the ferredoxin domain of EtfA substantiates its role as redox relay. Lactate oxidation in Ldh is assisted by the catalytic base His423 and a metal center. On this basis, a comprehensive catalytic mechanism of the FBEC process was proposed.
Topics: Electron Transport; Electrons; Kinetics; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactates; NAD; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 35748623
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.77095 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023With increasing environmental awareness and consumer demand for high-quality food products, industries are strongly required for technical innovations. The use of... (Review)
Review
With increasing environmental awareness and consumer demand for high-quality food products, industries are strongly required for technical innovations. The use of various emerging techniques in food processing indeed brings many economic and environmental benefits compared to conventional processes. However, lipid oxidation induced by some "innovative" processes is often "an inconvenient truth", which is scarcely mentioned in most studies but should not be ignored for the further improvement and optimization of existing processes. Lipid oxidation poses a risk to consumer health, as a result of the possible ingestion of secondary oxidation products. From this point of view, this review summarizes the advance of lipid oxidation mechanism studies and mainly discloses the shade of innovative food processing concerning lipid degradation. Sections involving a revisit of classic three-stage chain reaction, the advances of polar paradox and cut-off theories, and potential lipid oxidation factors from emerging techniques are described, which might help in developing more robust guidelines to ensure a good practice of these innovative food processing techniques in future.
Topics: Food Handling; Oxidation-Reduction; Lipolysis; Lipids
PubMed: 38138626
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248138 -
Annual Review of Food Science and... Mar 2023It is important to have larger proportions of health-beneficial polyunsaturated lipids in foods, but these nutrients are particularly sensitive to oxidation, and... (Review)
Review
It is important to have larger proportions of health-beneficial polyunsaturated lipids in foods, but these nutrients are particularly sensitive to oxidation, and dedicated strategies must be developed to prevent this deleterious reaction. In food oil-in-water emulsions, the oil-water interface is a crucial area when it comes to the initiation of lipid oxidation. Unfortunately, most available natural antioxidants, such as phenolic antioxidants, do not spontaneously position at this specific locus. Achieving such a strategic positioning has therefore been an active research area, and various routes have been proposed: lipophilizing phenolic acids to confer them with an amphiphilic character; functionalizing biopolymer emulsifiers through covalent or noncovalent interactions with phenolics; or loading Pickering particles with natural phenolic compounds to yield interfacial antioxidant reservoirs. We herein review the principles and efficiency of these approaches to counteract lipid oxidation in emulsions as well as their advantages and limitations.
Topics: Antioxidants; Emulsions; Oxidation-Reduction; Lipids; Water
PubMed: 36972155
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-060721-021636 -
MBio Jun 2022
Topics: Electron Transport; Fimbriae Proteins; Fimbriae, Bacterial; Geobacter; Nanowires; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 35642973
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00850-22 -
Organic Letters Jul 2022The development of sustainable C(sp)-H functionalization methods is of great interest to the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Anodic oxidation is an efficient...
The development of sustainable C(sp)-H functionalization methods is of great interest to the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Anodic oxidation is an efficient means of producing benzylic cations that can undergo subsequent nucleophilic attack to afford functionalized benzylic products. Herein, we demonstrate the suitability of carboxylic acids as nucleophiles to yield benzylic esters. This method employs a series of secondary benzylic substrates and functionalized carboxylic acids and is demonstrated on a gram scale in flow.
Topics: Carboxylic Acids; Catalysis; Esters; Molecular Structure; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 35829756
DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01930 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021is an important health problem in human and animals, and the highlighting side effects of launched therapeutic chemicals cannot be ignored. Thus, it is urgent to...
is an important health problem in human and animals, and the highlighting side effects of launched therapeutic chemicals cannot be ignored. Thus, it is urgent to develop new drugs to against the infection. Myrislignan originated from nutmeg exhibited excellent anti- activity and , and was able to destroy mitochondrial function. However, the exact mechanism of action is still unknown. In this study, combining RNAs deep-sequencing analysis and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and high affinity proteins suggested that myrislignan may affect the oxidation-reduction process of . Furthermore, the upregulating ROS activity after myrislignan incubation verified that myrislignan destroyed the oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis of tachyzoites. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that myrislignan induced the formation of autophagosome-like double-membrane structure. Moreover, monodansyl cadaverine (MDC) staining and western blot further illustrated autophagosome formation. Myrislignan treatment induced a significant reduction in flow cytometry analysis. Together, these findings demonstrated that myrislignan can induce the oxidation-reduction in , lead to the autophagy, and cause the death of
Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Humans; Lignans; Oxidation-Reduction; Toxoplasma
PubMed: 34540720
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.730222 -
Journal of Biotechnology Sep 2023As the world grapples with an imminent energy crisis brought on by the depletion of nonrenewable resources, such as petroleum, the necessity for alternative and... (Review)
Review
As the world grapples with an imminent energy crisis brought on by the depletion of nonrenewable resources, such as petroleum, the necessity for alternative and eco-friendly power sources becomes increasingly apparent. In this regard harnessing knowledge gained from natural microorganisms to produce electricity using economical substrates is a promising solution through microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Microbial fuel cells leverage microbes' catabolic abilities to break down organic matter and release electrons that are subsequently transported across an external circuit for electricity generation. This article delves into the fundamental components involved in MFC construction and explores crucial factors that impact their performance including substrate oxidation, electron transfer, and internal resistance. Additionally, it offers a comprehensive analysis of existing microbial fuel cell designs while highlighting their respective strengths and weaknesses. Finally, the article showcases cost-effective MFC models based on thorough studies conducted worldwide while illuminating potential practical applications of this renewable energy technology.
Topics: Bioelectric Energy Sources; Wastewater; Electricity; Oxidation-Reduction; Electrodes
PubMed: 37482251
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.07.006 -
Journal of Experimental Botany Aug 2021
Topics: Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Plants; Reactive Nitrogen Species; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 34378048
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab324 -
Redox Biology Jun 2020
Topics: Biology; Humans; Lung Diseases; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 32446622
DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101579