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The Journal of International Medical... Jul 2022This study was performed to report and analyze the prevalence of permanent facial nerve paralysis following parotidectomy for various benign and malignant lesions in a...
OBJECTIVE
This study was performed to report and analyze the prevalence of permanent facial nerve paralysis following parotidectomy for various benign and malignant lesions in a single center.
METHODS
This single-center retrospective study included all patients who underwent parotidectomy (total and superficial) for benign and malignant tumors and chronic inflammatory diseases during a 6-year period. Patients who had previously undergone an operation of the parotid gland and those with preoperative facial weakness were excluded.
RESULTS
The study included 127 patients ranging in age from 14 to 83 years (median, 45.89 years). Most patients were female (n = 83, 65.4%). The most prevalent procedure was superficial parotidectomy (n = 117, 92.1%), followed by total parotidectomy (n = 6, 4.7%). The average operative duration was 138 minutes (range, 80-400 minutes). Histopathology revealed that 109 (85.8%) patients had benign tumors, 14 (11.0%) had malignant tumors, and 4 (3.1%) had chronic sialadenitis. Only two patients sustained an injury to the cervical branch of the facial nerve.
CONCLUSION
In this single-center experience of parotid surgery, the rates of transient and permanent facial paralysis were acceptably low at 9.0% and 1.6%, respectively, for all pathologies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Facial Nerve; Facial Paralysis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 35808820
DOI: 10.1177/03000605221108930 -
BMJ Case Reports Jan 2021Acute parotitis progressing to parotid abscess is rare in children. is the usual pathogen in parotid abscess. Granulomatous parotid abscess due to tubercular aetiology...
Acute parotitis progressing to parotid abscess is rare in children. is the usual pathogen in parotid abscess. Granulomatous parotid abscess due to tubercular aetiology is extremely rare. Authors report a case of chronic parotid abscess in a child who received multiple courses of antibiotics without any cure. The ultrasonography and CT scan of the parotid gland confirmed the extent of parotid abscess and the changes in the parotid lymph nodes. The surgical drainage and the biopsy of the lymph nodes lead to the diagnosis of granulomatous abscess. The antitubercular therapy finally cured the disease without further recurrence.
Topics: Abscess; Antitubercular Agents; Biopsy; Child; Drainage; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Male; Parotid Gland; Parotitis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node; Tuberculosis, Oral; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33431537
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237491 -
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2019Submandibular glands are exposed to many effects due to diseases and therapeutic interventions. A study evaluating the effect of submandibular gland dysfunction on the...
INTRODUCTION
Submandibular glands are exposed to many effects due to diseases and therapeutic interventions. A study evaluating the effect of submandibular gland dysfunction on the parotid gland has not been presented in the literature.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological changes in the parotid gland following submandibular gland failure.
METHODS
Three groups of seven randomly selected female New Zealand rabbits weighing 2500-3000g were studied. Unilateral and bilateral submandibular glands were removed in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. No procedure was performed in Group III, the control group. The parotid glands were removed 30 days later. Histological parameters were evaluated and graded between 0 (none) and 3 (severe). Differences between groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test.
RESULTS
Mean mucus accumulation in acinar cells was 2.57±0.53 and 1.71±0.75 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p<0.05). This value was 0.57±0.53 in Group 3, which was significantly lower than in Groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Mean dilatation of the intercalated ducts' lumen was 1.28±0.48 and 1.57±0.53 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p>0.05). This value was 0.28±0.48 in Group 3, which was significantly lower than in Groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Mean mucus accumulation in the intercalated ducts' lumen was 2.00±0.81 and 1.00±0.57 in Groups 2 and 3, respectively (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study indicate that only 1 month after submandibular gland failure, the parotid glands exhibit significant changes.
Topics: Acinar Cells; Animals; Female; Models, Animal; Mucus; Parotid Gland; Rabbits; Submandibular Gland
PubMed: 29754976
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2018.03.013 -
Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2021To investigate the correlation between sonographic and computed tomography and pathological features of basal cell adenomas (BCAs) of the parotid gland.
PURPOSE
To investigate the correlation between sonographic and computed tomography and pathological features of basal cell adenomas (BCAs) of the parotid gland.
METHODS
This retrospective study included 41 patients (43 tumors) with BCAs. The tumors were divided into three types based on their location in the parotid gland and their imaging features. The features of the tumors were analyzed.
RESULTS
Imaging manifestations and corresponding pathological results of most BCAs of the parotid glands resembled those of benign parotid gland tumors. Malignant transformation occurred in membranous BCAs and in those with extensive cribriform structures. Type-II and type-III tumors accounted for 82.93% of the total proportion. Thirteen tumors showed cystic degeneration with 30.23%, among which type-III tumors could easily develop cystic degeneration. These cystic areas might correspond to cystic degeneration or focal necrosis. Cystic change was not dependent on the tumor size. The pathological features of the tumors were correlated to their imaging manifestations.
CONCLUSION
Most BCAs of the parotid glands have imaging manifestations similar to those of benign parotid gland tumors. BCAs with extensive cribriform structures and of the membranous type can show malignant transformation and should be treated with caution in clinical practice.
Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Computational Biology; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography; Young Adult
PubMed: 34912472
DOI: 10.1155/2021/7906058 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2023Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with functional deterioration of the salivary gland and dental pulp, related to oxidative stress. The aim was to integrate...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with functional deterioration of the salivary gland and dental pulp, related to oxidative stress. The aim was to integrate experimental and bioinformatic findings to analyze the cellular mechanism of melatonin (MEL) action in the human parotid gland and dental pulp in diabetes. Human parotid gland tissue was obtained from 16 non-diabetic and 16 diabetic participants, as well as human dental pulp from 15 non-diabetic and 15 diabetic participants. In human non-diabetic and diabetic parotid gland cells (hPGCs) as well as in dental pulp cells (hDPCs), cultured in hyper- and normoglycemic conditions, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), MEL, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and spectrophotometrically. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using ShinyGO (v.0.75) application. Diabetic participants had increased GDNF and decreased MEL in parotid ( < 0.01) and dental pulp ( < 0.05) tissues, associated with increased iNOS and SOD activity. Normoglycemic hDPCs and non-diabetic hPGCs treated with 0.1 mM MEL had increased GDNF ( < 0.05), while hyperglycemic hDPCs treated with 1 mM MEL showed a decrease in up-regulated GDNF ( < 0.05). Enrichment analyses showed interference with stress and ATF/CREB signaling. MEL induced the stress-protective mechanism in hyperglycemic hDPCs and diabetic hPGCs, suggesting MEL could be beneficial for diabetes-associated disturbances in oral tissues.
Topics: Humans; Parotid Gland; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Melatonin; Dental Pulp; Computational Biology; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 37754589
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186727 -
European Radiology Apr 2022To assess the usefulness of combined diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in the differentiation of parotid gland tumors.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the usefulness of combined diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in the differentiation of parotid gland tumors.
METHODS
Seventy patients with 80 parotid gland tumors who underwent DKI and DCE-MRI were retrospectively enrolled and divided into four groups: pleomorphic adenomas (PAs), Warthin tumors (WTs), other benign tumors (OBTs), and malignant tumors (MTs). DCE-MRI and DKI quantitative parameters were measured. The Kruskal-Wallis H test and post hoc test with Bonferroni correction and ROC curve were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
WTs demonstrated the highest K value (median 1.89, interquartile range [1.46-2.31] min) but lowest V value (0.20, [0.15-0.25]) compared with PAs (K, 0.34 [0.21-0.55] min; V, 0.36 [0.24-0.43]), OBTs (K, 1.22 [0.27-1.67] min; V, 0.28 [0.25-0.41]), and MTs (K, 0.71 [0.50-1.23] min; V, 0.35 [0.26-0.45]) (all p < .05). MTs had the lower D value (1.10, [0.88-1.29] × 10 mm/s) compared with PAs (1.81, [1.60-2.20] × 10 mm/s) and OBTs (1.57, [1.32-1.89] × 10 mm/s) (both p < .05). PAs had the lower K value (0.12, [0.07-0.18] min) compared with OBTs (0.28, [0.11-0.50] min) (p < .05). The cutoff values of combined K and V, D, and K to distinguish WTs, MTs, and PAs sequentially were 1.06 min, 0.28, 1.46 × 10 mm/s, and 0.21 min, respectively (accuracy, 89% [71/80], 91% [73/80], 78% [62/80], respectively).
CONCLUSION
The combined use of DKI and DCE-MRI may help differentiate parotid gland tumors.
KEY POINTS
• The combined use of DKI and DCE-MRI could facilitate the understanding of the pathophysiological characteristics of parotid gland tumors. • A stepwise diagnostic diagram based on the combined use of DCE-MRI parameters and the diffusion coefficient is helpful for accurate preoperative diagnosis in parotid gland tumors and may further facilitate the clinical management of patients.
Topics: Contrast Media; Diagnosis, Differential; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34642805
DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08312-y -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... Dec 2023Thread lifting is a common minimally invasive plastic surgery procedure. Parotid gland injury caused by thread lifting is a known complication; however, visual evidence...
BACKGROUND
Thread lifting is a common minimally invasive plastic surgery procedure. Parotid gland injury caused by thread lifting is a known complication; however, visual evidence of this complication is lacking.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to present cases of parotid gland injury by thread lifting shown using ultrasound and to discuss the importance of ultrasound detection of the location of the parotid gland before thread insertion.
METHODS
This study included eight patients diagnosed with parotid gland perforation and one with parotid duct injury due to threads from November 2020 to October 2022.
RESULTS
Six patients showed tenderness and swelling, three were asymptomatic, and one with duct injury showed severe swelling and pain. Although the severity and duration of symptoms have differed, we confirmed the progress of improvement with conservative treatment and confirmed ultrasound findings progressed.
CONCLUSIONS
Using ultrasound to detect the parotid gland's location before thread lifting might reduce the chance of parotid duct injury. Identifying immediate parotid duct or gland injury with ultrasound can help to act quickly for delayed pain or swelling and reduce the likelihood of additional complications.
Topics: Humans; Parotid Gland; Salivary Ducts; Ultrasonography; Pain; Ultrasonography, Interventional
PubMed: 38093502
DOI: 10.1111/srt.13535 -
Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral... Jun 2023Salivary gland cancers represent a rare heterogeneous group of neoplasms with complex clinicopathological characteristics and distinct biological behaviour. The...
Diagnosis and Management of Parotid Gland Cancer with Focus on the Role of Preoperative Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology: A 10-Year-Long Retrospective Study with 5-Year Follow-Up.
INTRODUCTION
Salivary gland cancers represent a rare heterogeneous group of neoplasms with complex clinicopathological characteristics and distinct biological behaviour. The appropriate diagnosis and management of parotid gland cancer are challenging and should be based on the clinical, imaging, cytological, and histological features. The present study analysed the use of preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and intraoperative frozen section (FS) to guide the appropriate surgical and postoperative treatment of parotid gland cancers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We selected 48 patients with primary malignancy of the parotid gland surgically treated between 1 January 2008 and 30 June 2017 at the Maxillo-Facial Surgery Division, University Hospital of Parma, Italy. The patients had postoperative histological diagnosis of malignant parotid cancer and were followed up for longer than 5 years.
RESULTS
The 48 patients included in this study had a mean age of 56.7 years. The most frequent type of parotid gland cancer was carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (22.9%), followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma (16.7%) and acinic cell carcinoma (14.6%). All 48 patients underwent preoperative FNAC: 29 (60.4%) and 19 (39.6%) were suggestive of malignant and benign lesions, respectively. In 31 patients, intraoperative FS was performed.
DISCUSSION
Compared to previous studies, the present study showed significantly lower diagnostic sensitivity of FNAC for parotid gland cancers. The preoperative diagnostic accuracy for suspected malignant cases may be improved by repeat analysis of the cytological specimen by experts, preoperative core needle biopsy, and/or intraoperative FS analysis of the suspected mass.
PubMed: 37122797
DOI: 10.1007/s12663-023-01849-z -
Physica Medica : PM : An International... May 2024The purpose of this investigation is to quantify the spatial heterogeneity of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) uptake within...
UNLABELLED
The purpose of this investigation is to quantify the spatial heterogeneity of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) uptake within parotid glands. We aim to quantify patterns in well-defined regions to facilitate further investigations. Furthermore, we investigate whether uptake is correlated with computed tomography (CT) texture features.
METHODS
Parotid glands from [18F]DCFPyL PSMA PET/CT images of 30 prostate cancer patients were analyzed. Uptake patterns were assessed with various segmentation schemes. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated between PSMA PET uptake and feature values of a Grey Level Run Length Matrix using a long and short run length emphasis (GLRLML and GLRLMS) in subregions of the parotid gland.
RESULTS
PSMA PET uptake was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in lateral/posterior regions of the glands than anterior/medial regions. Maximum uptake was found in the lateral half of parotid glands in 50 out of 60 glands. The difference in SUV between parotid halves is greatest when parotids are divided by a plane separating the anterior/medial and posterior/lateral halves symmetrically (out of 120 bisections tested). PSMA PET uptake was significantly correlated with CT GLRLML (p < 0.001), and anti-correlated with CT GLRLMS (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Uptake of PSMA PET is heterogeneous within parotid glands, with uptake biased towards lateral/posterior regions. Uptake within parotid glands was strongly correlated with CT texture feature maps.
Topics: Humans; Parotid Gland; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II; Male; Ligands; Antigens, Surface; Prostatic Neoplasms; Biological Transport; Aged; Middle Aged; Lysine; Urea
PubMed: 38657425
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2024.103366 -
The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and... Oct 2021Frey's syndrome and facial asymmetry from loss of parotid tissue are long-term sequelae of parotid surgeries causing significant morbidity. Various techniques have been...
BACKGROUND
Frey's syndrome and facial asymmetry from loss of parotid tissue are long-term sequelae of parotid surgeries causing significant morbidity. Various techniques have been used to fill the parotidectomy defect, preserve facial contour symmetry, and prevent Frey's syndrome. Free dermal-fat-fascial graft (DFFG) is one such technique; however, its use is largely undocumented in the literature. In this case series, we investigate the efficacy of free DFFG in reconstructing parotidectomy defects at 2 tertiary care centers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Medical records of 54 patients who underwent primary parotidectomy and immediate reconstruction with autologous abdominal free DFFG by 2 surgeons in George Washington University Hospital and McGill University Health Centre between 2007 and 2019 were collected prospectively. Patients responded to 2 questionnaires addressing postoperative outcomes.
RESULTS
Fifty-four patients were included; 32 superficial parotidectomies and 22 total parotidectomies were performed for 39 benign and 15 malignant tumors. Thirty-seven patients could be reached. Out of 37 patients who responded to the first questionnaire, 59% (22) reported complete facial symmetry, 27% (10) reported mild hollowness, and 14% (5) reported mild fullness. None declared noticeable hollowness or fullness. While 81% (30) did not experience Frey's syndrome, 5.4% (2) experienced mild symptoms without disability, and 13.5% (5) experienced debilitating symptoms. Out of 37 patients, 8 patients responded to a second questionnaire addressing the outcome of the abdominal graft donor site. In regard to the donor site, 87.5% (7) were satisfied or very satisfied from its cosmetic appearance, 75% (6) were not bothered by its cosmetic appearance, and 87.5% (7) had no discomfort at the graft donor site. Patients did not report any other symptom at the graft donor site.
CONCLUSION
In this large series of total parotidectomies including malignant pathologies, autologous abdominal free DFFG effectively prevented Frey's syndrome and preserved facial cosmesis in most patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms; Prospective Studies; Skin Transplantation; Surgical Flaps; Transplantation, Autologous; Young Adult
PubMed: 33657862
DOI: 10.1177/0003489421999542