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Medicine Sep 2023Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is a sexually transmitted pathogen. The study was conducted to determine its prevalence among 300 adult patients in 4 public health facilities...
BACKGROUND
Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is a sexually transmitted pathogen. The study was conducted to determine its prevalence among 300 adult patients in 4 public health facilities in the Nsukka District of Enugu State, Nigeria.
METHOD
The researchers collected high vagina swabs and urine samples were collected from 150 men and 150 women, respectively. The specimens were scrutinized for color, odor of discharge and urine, and motile trichomoniasis.
RESULTS
The prevalence of the TV was 45.0% (135/300) with women showing the highest prevalence (63.7%). Among the patients attending the University of Nigeria, Nsukka Medical Center, the prevalence was the highest at 31.9%. TV infection was more common among older adults aged 38 to 47 years (39.3%), married adults (76.3%), and those with secondary education (68.9%). Urogenital analysis reported that males with pains during urination were 51.0% and males with penile tingling were 12.2%. The highest vaginal Hydrogen ion concentration level of 6.8 was observed in women aged 38 to 47 years. Additionally, the results reported that Vaginal candidiasis, Bacterial vaginosis, and Herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies were not independently associated with TV infection. In the unadjusted analysis, the odds of TV infection were higher in men (8.1), while Chlamydia trachomatis infection was higher in women (8.8). Among the adults diagnosed with herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies, the odds of TV infection were 3.9 for both men and women. Men with penile human papillomavirus infection had lower odds of TV infection (1.9), while women with vaginal human papillomavirus infection had higher odds of TV infection (2.2).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of TV infection is high among sexually active adults in the Nigerian community. It is therefore crucial to implement the increased public health actions such as regular and early diagnosis to reduce its prevalence.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Antibodies, Viral; Black People; Nigeria; Prevalence; Trichomonas Infections; Adult; Middle Aged; Coinfection
PubMed: 37713889
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000034585 -
Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal May 2023This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of penile girth enhancement (PGE) using amniotic membrane (AM) as a graft in a rabbit model. Additionally, quantitative...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of penile girth enhancement (PGE) using amniotic membrane (AM) as a graft in a rabbit model. Additionally, quantitative histological data of the structure of the penis were obtained by stereological studies.
METHODS
This study was conducted at the Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. In this study, 20 adult male rabbits of similar age and weight were allocated to two groups: sham surgery and surgery+AM. Both groups underwent surgery in which a longitudinal I-shaped midline incision was made in the tunica albuginea on the dorsal surface of the penis. The surgery+AM group underwent PGE using AM as a graft. The penile length and mid circumference were measured using a vernier caliper before and two months after the surgery.
RESULTS
The mean total volume and diameter of the penis significantly increased in the surgery+AM group ( <0.03 and <0.04, respectively). On stereological evaluation, a significant increase in the mean volumes of the tunica albuginea and corpora cavernosa was observed in the surgery+AM group compared to the sham group ( <0.01 and <0.03, respectively). Additionally, the mean volume densities of the collagen bundles, muscle fibres, cavernous sinuses, and the total number of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells increased in the surgery+AM group compared to the sham group ( <0.05 each). No infections, bleeding or other complications were observed.
CONCLUSION
The use of AM as a graft is a method that shows promising results for material use in penile enhancement. Thus, it may be considered for PGE in the future.
Topics: Animals; Male; Rabbits; Humans; Amnion; Penis; Iran
PubMed: 37377831
DOI: 10.18295/squmj.9.2022.053 -
BMC Urology Aug 2021Penile enhancement with injectable agents is a rising trend and yet has received little scientific attention despite the potential for serious complications. These...
BACKGROUND
Penile enhancement with injectable agents is a rising trend and yet has received little scientific attention despite the potential for serious complications. These include cosmetic, functional and systemic complications that may require complex penile reconstructive surgery. We report a case of delayed severe infection following penile filler insertion leading to multi-organ failure and intensive care support.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 31-year-old man presented with fevers and progressive pain and swelling of the penile shaft, 3 days after unprotected sexual intercourse. The patient received subcutaneous hyaluronic filler injections at a cosmetic clinic for penile enlargement two months prior to presentation. Relevant social history include polysubstance abuse and multiple sexual partners. Physical examination revealed gross penile oedema and erythema, with a ventral curvature of the penile shaft and a superficial abrasion on the distal ventral penile shaft. Within 24 h the patient developed septic shock with anuria, hypotension and fevers to 40 °C, requiring transfer to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for vasopressor and inotropic support. Intraoperative penile exploration revealed multiple pus stained fillers which were drained and grew Streptococcus Pyogenes on cultures. There was no abscess or evidence of necrotising fasciitis intraoperatively. The patient improved with intravenous antibiotics and was stepped down from the ICU after four days and discharged on day eight. One month post admission there was significant superficial skin loss to both ventral and lateral aspect of the penis, with healthy granulation tissue at the base. The patient opted for conservative management with regular dressings. He reported normal sexual and urinary function three months post admission.
CONCLUSION
This is the first published case of sepsis from a penile infection in the context of hyaluronic acid penile fillers. In an era of escalating demand for penile cosmetic procedures, there is an increasing need for early recognition and appropriate management of penile filler infections. We report an unusual case of a localised penile infection rapidly progressing to sepsis with multi-organ failure requiring intensive care support. The case demonstrates early surgical intervention with targeted antimicrobials can result in successful eradication of infection, with satisfactory cosmetic and functional outcomes for patients.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dermal Fillers; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Male; Penile Diseases; Penis; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus pyogenes
PubMed: 34429077
DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00878-5 -
International Braz J Urol : Official... 2023Considerable controversy exists regarding the surgery for concealed penis. We describe a new technique for repairing concealed penis by symmetrical pterygoid flap...
PURPOSE
Considerable controversy exists regarding the surgery for concealed penis. We describe a new technique for repairing concealed penis by symmetrical pterygoid flap surgery.
METHODS
From January 2016 to July 2022, we evaluated 181 cases of concealed penis that were surgically treated using the symmetrical pterygoid flap surgery. We measured the penile size preoperative and 2, 4, 12 weeks, and 1 year postoperative to confirm the improvement. A questionnaire was administered to the patients and parents to assess satisfaction regarding penile size, morphology, and hygiene.
RESULT
The perpendicular penile length was1.59±0.32cm preoperative and 3.82±1.02 cm after the procedure (p < 0.05), and 4.21±1.91cm after one year of postoperative (p < 0.05). The overall satisfaction of patients was 97.89%, while the overall satisfaction of older children patients (age>7) was 75.24%. Parents focus more on the penile exposure size, while patients focus more on the penile morphology. Almost every patient had postoperative penile foreskin edema. However, this symptom had spontaneously resolved by 4-6 weeks. The complications such as skin necrosis, tissue contracture, or wound infection were 4.42%.
CONCLUSION
The symmetrical pterygoid flap surgery is an effective surgical technique for the management of concealed penis in children producing predictable results and excellent satisfaction of the parents and patients.
Topics: Child; Male; Humans; Adolescent; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male; Surgical Flaps; Penis; Foreskin; Penile Diseases
PubMed: 37903008
DOI: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.0629 -
Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanita 2020In Italy, four minors have died in the last year as a result of male circumcision (MC) procedures performed for cultural and religious reasons by unqualified persons in...
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
In Italy, four minors have died in the last year as a result of male circumcision (MC) procedures performed for cultural and religious reasons by unqualified persons in unhygienic conditions.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
After illustrating the historical and ethical outlines of the moral admissibility of MC within a comparative perspective, we examine the features of the Italian healthcare system with particular regard both to the heterogeneity of services available in the various Regions and to the risks engendered by excluding MC from the public health setting.
CONCLUSION
In order to adequately safeguard public health, particularly that of minors, there is a pressing need for thorough discussion of whether the National Health Service should perform MC on minors free of charge or, at least, for a reduced fee. The implementation of targeted campaigns may raise awareness of the importance of proper safety measures in MC.
Topics: Ceremonial Behavior; Child, Preschool; Circumcision, Male; Diseases in Twins; Evidence-Based Medicine; Health Education; History, 19th Century; History, 21st Century; History, Ancient; History, Medieval; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Italy; Male; Motivation; Parental Consent; Penile Diseases; Public Health; Religion and Medicine; Social Responsibility; Wound Infection
PubMed: 32959801
DOI: 10.4415/ANN_20_03_13 -
Virology Journal Oct 2020Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most important causes of cancer. It can play a role in cervical and extra-cervical cancers. Penile cancer is rare,... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most important causes of cancer. It can play a role in cervical and extra-cervical cancers. Penile cancer is rare, even if an increasing trend was recently reported. Aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes in cases of penile cancer diagnosed in Sardinia, Italy. Surrogate markers of HPV infection (i.e., E6 and p16 genes) were also evaluated in all cases.
METHODS
An observational, retrospective study which recruited all cases of penile cancer diagnosed between 2002 and 2019 at a tertiary care hospital in Sardinia, Italy, was carried out. HPV-DNA detection and genotyping were performed by Real-time PCR. Specimens were tested for oncogene E6 mRNA and for p16(INK4a) expression.
RESULTS
HPV prevalence was 28.1% (9/32); HPV-16 was the most prevalent genotype (7/9, 77.8%). p16INK4a positivity was found in 66.7% of the samples with a statistically significant difference between HPV-positive and -negative groups. E6-transcript was detected in 71% of the HPV-16 positive samples. The overall survival was not statistically different between HPV-positives and -negatives.
DISCUSSION
The present study confirms the etiologic role of HPV in penile cancer and supports the adoption of vaccination strategies in men and women. Further studies should clarify the diagnostic and prognostic role of E6 and p16 proteins.
CONCLUSION
HPV infection can favor the occurrence of penile cancer, whose diagnosis and prognosis could be improved with the implementation of validated molecular techniques.
Topics: Aged; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; DNA, Viral; Hospitals, University; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oncogene Proteins, Viral; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Penile Neoplasms; Repressor Proteins; Retrospective Studies; Tertiary Care Centers
PubMed: 33092608
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01424-9 -
Viruses Jul 2022Equine Papillomavirus 2 (EcPV2) is responsible for squamous cell carcinomas (eSCCs) of external genitalia of both male and female horses. However, few studies report the...
Equine Papillomavirus 2 (EcPV2) is responsible for squamous cell carcinomas (eSCCs) of external genitalia of both male and female horses. However, few studies report the EcPV2 prevalence among healthy horses. Currently, the lack of these data does not permit identifying at-risk populations and, thus, developing screening protocols aimed at the early detection of the infection, as for humans. The aim of our study was to estimate the genoprevalence of EcPV2 in clinically healthy horses in Italy and to evaluate their innate immune response. For this purpose, penile and vulvar swabs of 234 healthy horses were collected through sampling with sterile cytobrushes. Nucleic acids were isolated and EcPV2- presence (DNA) and gene expression (RNA) were checked by RT-qPCR. Our results showed EcPV2- DNA presence in 30.3% of the samples and expression in 48% of the positive samples. No statistically significant differences were found in genoprevalence in relation to sex, age, and origin, while, concerning breeds, the Thoroughbred had the highest risk of infection. Concerning specifically the mares, 40.2% of them resulted in being positive for EcPV2; our findings show a major positivity in pluriparous ( = 0.0111) and mares subjected to natural reproduction ( = 0.0037). Moreover, samples expressing showed an increased expression of ( = 0.0139) and ( = 0.0133) and a decreased expression of 0.0229) and 0.0177). This finding suggests the presence of an effective immune response, which could explain the low incidence of SCCs in positive horses, despite a high EcPV2 genoprevalence (30%).
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; DNA, Viral; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Humans; Male; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections
PubMed: 36016317
DOI: 10.3390/v14081696 -
Investigative and Clinical Urology Jan 2022Bulbar injury is the most common type of urethral injury. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of a novel technique, local urethral flushing, in preventing... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
PURPOSE
Bulbar injury is the most common type of urethral injury. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of a novel technique, local urethral flushing, in preventing stricture formation after blunt bulbar urethra injuries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This retrospective study included 205 males diagnosed with straddle injury-induced bulbar urethra injury at the Shanxi Bethune Hospital and First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between January 2015 and January 2019. Patients were diagnosed by retrograde urethrography and classified as partial or complete urethral rupture according to the urethral integrity after injury. Complete urethral rupture patients received suprapubic cystostomy and received urethroplasty 3 months later. Patients with partial urethral rupture underwent endoscopic urethral realignment by cystoscopic guide-wire guided catheterization. Patients with both injury types were divided into 3 groups. The treatment groups received urethral flushing with 0.05% dexamethasone through a secondary ureteral catheter that locked at the urethral lesion. The blank control groups received normal saline. The negative control groups had only a single ureteral catheter placed. Patients were assessed for pain during catheterization, infection, and stenosis, and followed for at least 2 years.
RESULTS
Stenosis rates and length were significantly reduced in the normal saline groups, and even further reduced in the dexamethasone groups. The negative control groups had significantly higher infection rates than patients in the dexamethasone or saline groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Local urethral flushing with dexamethasone could significantly decrease urethral stenosis rates and severity without increasing patients' discomfort or infection risk.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Therapeutic Irrigation; Treatment Outcome; Urethra; Urethral Stricture; Wounds, Nonpenetrating
PubMed: 34983130
DOI: 10.4111/icu.20210189 -
Oncotarget May 2024The main goal of the present study was to analyze the expression profile of cyclin D1 in patients with PC, and to determine possible correlations with clinical and...
The main goal of the present study was to analyze the expression profile of cyclin D1 in patients with PC, and to determine possible correlations with clinical and histopathological features. A survey was conducted with 100 patients diagnosed with PC, who were treated at two reference hospitals in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, between 2013 and 2017. A review of clinical, epidemiological, and histopathological data was performed, Human Papillomavírus (HPV) DNA was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cyclin D1 expression analysis was performed using immunohistochemical techniques. The data revealed that the absence of cyclin D1 expression was significantly associated with HPV-positive histological subtypes ( = 0.001), while its expression was associated with high-grade tumors ( = 0.014), histological subtype ( = 0.001), presence of sarcomatoid transformation ( = 0.04), and perineural invasion ( = 0.023). Patients with cyclin D1 expression exhibited lower disease-free survival compared to the cyclin D1-negative group, although the difference was not statistically significant. The results suggest that cyclin D1 may be a potential biomarker for PC, especially for poorer prognosis.
Topics: Humans; Cyclin D1; Male; Penile Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Prognosis; Adult; Brazil; Papillomavirus Infections; Immunohistochemistry; Aged, 80 and over; Disease-Free Survival
PubMed: 38742684
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28584 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Penile microbiome composition has been associated with HSV-2 and HIV in men and with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and HSV-2 in female sex partners. This study sought to 1)...
Longitudinal Changes in the Composition of the Penile Microbiome Are Associated With Circumcision Status, HIV and HSV-2 Status, Sexual Practices, and Female Partner Microbiome Composition.
BACKGROUND
Penile microbiome composition has been associated with HSV-2 and HIV in men and with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and HSV-2 in female sex partners. This study sought to 1) characterize penile microbiome composition over a 1-year period and 2) identify factors associated with penile microbiome composition over time.
METHODS
This prospective study of community-recruited heterosexual couples in Kenya measured penile and vaginal microbiomes 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing at 4 time points over 1 year (1, 6, and 12 months after baseline). We used longitudinal mixed-effects modeling to assess associated demographic, behavioral, and disease factors and changes in community type, meatal taxa with the highest mean relative abundance, and alpha and beta diversity measures. We estimated group-based trajectories to elucidate compositional trends.
RESULTS
Among 218 men with 740 observations, men had a median age of 26 years, 11.6% were living with HIV, and 46.1% were HSV-2 seropositive. We identified 7 penile community types that varied with circumcision status, female partner vaginal microbiome community state type (CST), condom use, and penile washing. Across varying analytic approaches, 50%-60% of men had stable penile microbiome compositions. Alpha diversity measures were lower for circumcised men and those who reported condom use; they were stable over time but higher if female partners had diverse CSTs or BV. BV was positively associated with the relative abundance of numerous individual penile taxa. The decreased Bray-Curtis similarity was more common for men with HSV-2, and HSV-2 was also associated with a lower relative abundance of and .
CONCLUSIONS
Over a 1-year period, penile microbiome composition was stable for a substantial proportion of men and was influenced by men's circumcision status, sexual practices, female partner's vaginal CST and BV status, and men's HSV-2 status. In the female genital tract, a diverse CST is often associated with poorer health outcomes. Our results contribute toward understanding whether this framework extends to the penile microbiome and whether diversity and the associated penile microbiome compositions influence susceptibility or resilience to poorer health outcomes in men. Focusing on understanding how these factors influence the penile microbiome may lead to therapeutic avenues for reduced HSV-2 and BV infections in men and their female sex partners.
Topics: Adult; Circumcision, Female; Circumcision, Male; Female; HIV Infections; Herpesvirus 2, Human; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Prospective Studies; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 35865819
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.916437