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European Journal of Translational... Oct 2022More than half of pregnant women are usually affected by odontogenic pain affects. Pain often accompanies periapical or pulp infections and increases the risks to... (Review)
Review
More than half of pregnant women are usually affected by odontogenic pain affects. Pain often accompanies periapical or pulp infections and increases the risks to pregnant patients and their fetuses. The American Dental Association, in partnership with the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, has offered a strong declaration reaffirming the significance of suitable and timely oral health care as an indispensable constituent of a healthy pregnancy. However, there is lack of knowledge about the use of antibiotics in endodontic treatment. Therefore, the present study would review the researches done in this area and tries to provide comprehensive and complete information about the use of antibiotics in endodontic treatment during pregnancy. Based on the results, it can be said that using antibiotics during pregnancy are allowed, and they can be used normally and safely by pregnant women.
PubMed: 36268928
DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10813 -
Australian Journal of General Practice Sep 2020An orthopantomogram (OPG) is a common radiograph used to identify the hard tissues of the oral cavity and surrounding skeletal structures. It is an extra-oral...
BACKGROUND
An orthopantomogram (OPG) is a common radiograph used to identify the hard tissues of the oral cavity and surrounding skeletal structures. It is an extra-oral radiograph that approximates the focal trough of the mandible. Although resolution is not as detailed as intra-oral radiographs for examination of the teeth, gross changes in calcification of the dental structures, and changes in ossification of the underlying mandible and maxilla can aid in identification of dental disease such as caries (decay), periodontal bone loss, and abscess and cyst formation.
OBJECTIVE
This article outlines key anatomical features identifiable in an OPG and illustrates some common pathology that may be seen.
DISCUSSION
The large amount of data visible on an OPG may appear daunting to the viewer unless a systematic approach is used to examine structures present. Distortion due to flattening of the curve of the mandible and dentition will give an overall view of these structures and requires the viewer to reinterpret these in their mind for a three-dimensional appreciation of the image.
Topics: Humans; Mandible; Maxilla; Radiography, Panoramic
PubMed: 32864665
DOI: 10.31128/AJGP-07-20-5536 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2022Diabetes mellitus, a chronic hyperglycemic disorder has been associated with several manifestations in the body including the oral cavity. The oral manifestations are of...
BACKGROUND
Diabetes mellitus, a chronic hyperglycemic disorder has been associated with several manifestations in the body including the oral cavity. The oral manifestations are of importance and may significantly contribute to the detection of undiagnosed diabetes.
OBJECTIVE
To find out the prevalence of oral diseases in type 1 and type 2 diabetics, to evaluate and compare the periodontal status of diabetics and non-diabetics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a cross sectional study conducted on 110 diabetic subjects of >5 years duration at the M.V. Hospital for Diabetes, Diabetes Research Centre, Chennai. One hundred apparently healthy non-diabetic subjects in the age group of 40-60 years were studied as control. The oral cavity was examined by using a mouth mirror and periodontal status was assessed by utilizing oral hygiene index - simplified (Greene and Vermillion), Miller's mobility index and Ramjford's periodontal disease index.
RESULTS
Subjects with diabetes were found to have significant association with xerostomia ( < 0.003) and chronic periodontitis ( < 0.026). However, no significant association was found forleukoplakia, traumatic ulcer, frictional keratosis, smoker's melanosis, mucocele, aphthous ulcer, fissured tongue, lichen planus, parotid enlargement, parulis, chronic gingivitis, fibroma, and periodontal abscess.
CONCLUSION
The study reaffirmed higher prevalence of xerostomia and periodontal disease among diabetic subjects. However, contrary to previous studies, no significant differences were found in the prevalence of traumatic ulcer, fissured tongue, lichen planus, and parotid enlargement.
PubMed: 36588835
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_37_21 -
MBio Jun 2023Pathogenic microbial ecosystems are often polymicrobial, and interbacterial interactions drive emergent properties of these communities. In the oral cavity,...
Pathogenic microbial ecosystems are often polymicrobial, and interbacterial interactions drive emergent properties of these communities. In the oral cavity, Streptococcus gordonii is a foundational species in the development of plaque biofilms, which can contribute to periodontal disease and, after gaining access to the bloodstream, target remote sites such as heart valves. Here, we used a transposon sequencing (Tn-Seq) library of S. gordonii to identify genes that influence fitness in a murine abscess model, both as a monoinfection and as a coinfection with an oral partner species, Porphyromonas gingivalis. In the context of a monoinfection, conditionally essential genes were widely distributed among functional pathways. Coinfection with P. gingivalis almost completely changed the nature of gene essentiality. Community-dependent essential (CoDE) genes under the coinfection condition were primarily related to DNA replication, transcription, and translation, indicating that robust growth and replication are required to survive with P. gingivalis . Interestingly, a group of genes in an operon encoding streptococcal receptor polysaccharide (RPS) were associated with decreased fitness of S. gordonii in a coinfection with P. gingivalis. Individual deletion of two of these genes (SGO_2020 and SGO_2024) resulted in the loss of RPS production by S. gordonii and increased susceptibility to killing by neutrophils. P. gingivalis protected the RPS mutants by inhibiting neutrophil recruitment, degranulation, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. These results provide insight into genes and functions that are important for S. gordonii survival and the nature of polymicrobial synergy with P. gingivalis. Furthermore, we show that RPS-mediated immune protection in S. gordonii is dispensable and detrimental in the presence of a synergistic partner species that can interfere with neutrophil killing mechanisms. Bacteria responsible for diseases originating at oral mucosal membranes assemble into polymicrobial communities. However, we know little regarding the fitness determinants of the organisms that initiate community formation. Here, we show that the extracellular polysaccharide of Streptococcus gordonii, while important for streptococcal survival as a monoinfection, is detrimental to survival in the context of a coinfection with Porphyromonas gingivalis. We found that the presence of P. gingivalis compensates for immune protective functions of extracellular polysaccharide, rendering production unnecessary. The results show that fitness determinants of bacteria in communities differ substantially from those of individual species in isolation. Furthermore, constituents of communities can undertake activities that relieve the burden of energetically costly biosynthetic reactions on partner species.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Streptococcus gordonii; Coinfection; Ecosystem; Biofilms; Mouth
PubMed: 37042761
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00658-23 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2020Knowledge of microbial composition and antimicrobials' susceptibility to periodontal abscesses is vital for their successful treatment. The current study aims to provide...
Knowledge of microbial composition and antimicrobials' susceptibility to periodontal abscesses is vital for their successful treatment. The current study aims to provide a thorough overview of the clinical and microbial features of periodontal abscesses of the local community. The study was carried out at Rehman College of Dentistry, Peshawar, Pakistan between December 2019 to March 2020. Clinical measurements and microbial samples were collected from 45 subjects. Microbial samples were anaerobically cultured for the growth of selected bacterial species. E-test was used to assess the susceptibility of bacterial species grown from the patient samples to amoxicillin, azithromycin, metronidazole, and tetracycline. The majority of affected patients had preexisting chronic periodontitis. All abscesses clinically demonstrated bleeding on probing and suppuration. The periodontal abscess was most commonly associated with lower incisors and canines, followed by lower molars and then upper incisor and canine teeth. spp. (73%) was the most frequently detected species followed by (65%), (46%) and (24%). The detected clinical isolates of certain bacteria demonstrated resistance to all tested antibiotics except azithromycin. We conclude that spp., , and are closely associated with periodontal abscess. Bacterial species associated with periodontal abscess demonstrated some level of antimicrobial resistance to amoxicillin, metronidazole and tetracycline while antibiotic resistance to azithromycin could not be demonstrated.
PubMed: 33003527
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100654 -
American Family Physician Jan 2021
Topics: Drainage; Humans; Male; Periodontal Abscess; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing; Young Adult
PubMed: 33382564
DOI: No ID Found -
Detection rates of periodontal bacteria and herpesviruses in different forms of periodontal disease.Microbiology and Immunology Dec 2020The aim was to investigate the detection rates of periodontal bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, and Aggregatibacter...
The aim was to investigate the detection rates of periodontal bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) and herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus-1 [HSV-1], cytomegalovirus [CMV], and Epstein-Barr virus [EBV]) in different forms and severity of periodontal disease, and to compare them with those in periodontally healthy subjects. One hundred and twenty-nine patients participated in the study: 39 diagnosed with periodontal abscess (PA), 33 with necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP), 27 with chronic periodontitis (CP), and 30 participants with healthy periodontal tissue represented a healthy control group. All patients with periodontal disease (PA, NUP, and CP) were also divided into two groups according to the severity of their disease: moderate and severe periodontitis. The subgingival samples were collected from the periodontitis active sites and the detection of microorganisms was performed by end-point polymerase chain reaction analyses. The results revealed significantly higher detection rates of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and P. intermedia in all three groups of patients with periodontitis than in healthy participants. The highest detection rate of A. actinomycetemcomitans was noticed in CP, which was significantly higher than that in PA, NUP, and healthy control. The occurrence of EBV was significantly higher in NUP than in CP and healthy participants. CMV was detected significantly more frequently in PA and NUP than in CP and healthy participants. Comparisons among healthy participants and patients with moderate and severe periodontitis showed significantly higher detection rates of EBV and CMV in patients with severe forms of periodontitis than in healthy participants and those with moderate periodontitis.
Topics: Adult; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Bacteria; Chronic Periodontitis; Cytomegalovirus; Female; Herpesviridae; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Male; Periodontal Diseases; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; Serbia
PubMed: 33107981
DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12857 -
International Dental Journal Feb 2023The aim of this study was to estimate disease pattern clusters and co-occurrences of oral signs and symptoms in a Colombian population.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to estimate disease pattern clusters and co-occurrences of oral signs and symptoms in a Colombian population.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was carried out through a telephone survey amongst 1155 people registered in the telephone directory from Pasto, Colombia. The calls were made from July to November 2019. A 14-item self-report questionnaire about signs and symptoms related to oral diseases that included sociodemographic characteristics was employed. Descriptive and multivariable analyses such as hierarchical clustering, multidimensional scaling, and generalized linear models were used to determine co-occurrences in different sex and age strata.
RESULTS
Age- and condition-specific clusters of signs and symptoms were identified, while sex differences were limited. Calculus and denture sore mouth were related in 18- to 34-year-olds; tooth loss and calculus in 35- to 54-year-olds, and teeth holes or pits (dental caries) and dental abscess in those aged 55 years and older. We found stronger associations between periodontal disease (bleeding gums) and dental caries (odds ratio [OR], 2.484; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.812-3.405; P < .001) as well as grinding/clenching and facial tension (OR, 7.162; 95% CI, 5.227-9.814; P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Age-specific clustering of signs and symptoms and diagnostic patterns wer present in ths Colombian cohort.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Dental Caries; Colombia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Mouth Diseases; Periodontal Diseases; Cluster Analysis; Calculi; Oral Health
PubMed: 35851446
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.06.007